Maryland experiences an influx of vibrant yellow birds during the arrival of warblers in spring and summer. However, during winter, only the American Goldfinch, a commonly sighted yellow bird, graces the region.
To aid in identifying these yellow birds in Maryland, this guide offers a comprehensive resource. It presents pictures, identification information, song recordings, as well as details about their migration patterns.
Most of the yellow birds found in Maryland belong to the warbler, oriole, or tanager families, with some female birds displaying distinct appearances compared to the males of their species.
By utilizing the information provided in this guide, identifying yellow birds in Maryland becomes significantly easier. The following list presents the yellow birds most frequently spotted in the state during spring and summer, based on ebird checklists for May and June:
Yellow birds in Maryland throughout the year: American Goldfinch, Eastern Meadowlark
Yellow birds in Maryland during summer: Common Yellowthroat, Cedar Waxwing, American Redstart, Scarlet Tanager, White-eyed Vireo, Baltimore Oriole, Orchard Oriole, Pine Warbler, Yellow Warbler, Yellow-throated Vireo, Prairie Warbler, Prothonotary Warbler, Yellow-throated Warbler, Summer Tanager, Hooded Warbler, Dickcissel
Yellow birds in Maryland during winter: Yellow-rumped Warbler, Orange-crowned Warbler
Yellow birds in Maryland during migration: Magnolia Warbler, Palm Warbler, Black-throated Green Warbler, Cape May Warbler, Canada Warbler, Blue-winged Warbler, Nashville Warbler, Wilson’s Warbler, Evening Grosbeak
Continue reading to successfully identify the yellow birds you’ve spotted!
29 Yellow Birds in Maryland:
1. American Goldfinch
Yellow all year round, American Goldfinches are most abundant during the breeding season. They appear in 42% of summer checklists and 24% of winter checklists submitted by bird enthusiasts in Maryland.
American Goldfinches are highly sought-after birds, especially during spring, when the males showcase their vibrant yellow and black plumage. In contrast, the females exhibit a duller brown coloration, similar to the males during winter.
Spinus tristis
Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.7 ounces (11-20 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 inches (19-22 cm)
American Goldfinches are widespread throughout most of North America and typically reside in their respective areas all year. However, those breeding in Canada and the Midwest migrate to the southern regions of the United States during winter.
These goldfinches can be found foraging in weedy fields, overgrown areas, and even suburban environments, parks, and backyards. Their preferred food sources include sunflower, thistle, and aster plants.
Song of the American Goldfinch:
American Goldfinches construct nests within shrubs, using rootlets, plant materials, and spider webs to hold them in place. The females lay up to seven eggs, which incubate for approximately two weeks. The young ones leave the nest after two to two and a half weeks.
To attract American Goldfinches to your backyard, consider planting thistles and milkweed. These birds are frequent visitors to most bird feeders and have a preference for sunflower and nyjer seeds.
Fun Fact: Cowbirds’ attempts to have their young raised by American Goldfinches are unsuccessful due to the goldfinches’ purely vegetarian diet. The cowbird chicks perish within a few days.
2. Common Yellowthroat
Common Yellowthroats primarily make
appearances in Maryland during the breeding season, spanning from April to November. They are present in 29% of summer checklists.
These small songbirds possess brownish plumage on their backs and vibrant yellow undersides, complemented by their long tails. The males exhibit black masks on their faces, while the intensity of yellow can vary geographically, sometimes appearing more olive-toned underneath.
Geothlypis trichas
Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.3 ounces (9-10 g)
Wingspan: 5.9-7.5 inches (15-19 cm)
During the summer, Common Yellowthroats breed across most of North America, excluding Alaska and northern Canada. Some individuals remain in the Gulf Coast and Pacific Southwest regions throughout the year. They migrate south for winter.
Common Yellowthroats often inhabit marshy or wetland areas, as well as brushy fields characterized by dense, tangled vegetation.
Common Yellowthroat Song:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC629250. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/629250.
Nests constructed by Common Yellowthroats are positioned close to the ground in marshy locations, using reeds for support. These nests consist of grass and sedges woven together on a leaf and grass platform. The females lay up to six eggs, which require around twelve days to hatch, followed by a similar period for the young to leave the nest.
To attract Common Yellowthroats to larger backyards, create environments with dense vegetation and native plants that attract insects.
Fun Fact: The presence of a black mask on a Common Yellowthroat is a signal to male suitors, triggering attacks against imitations lacking the mask.
3. Yellow-rumped Warbler
Yellow-rumped Warblers visit Maryland during winter, but their numbers increase significantly during migration. They are recorded in 9% of winter checklists and up to 35% of checklists during migratory periods.
Gray in color, Yellow-rumped Warblers exhibit bursts of yellow on their faces, sides, and rump, with white patches in their wings.
Females may display a slightly browner appearance, while winter birds appear paler with bright yellow rumps and sides, transitioning to vibrant yellow and gray during spring.
Setophaga coronata
Length: 4.7-5.5 inches (12-14 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 ounces (12-13 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-9.1 inches (19-23 cm)
Yellow-rumped Warblers primarily breed in Canada, the Rockies, and the Appalachian Mountains.
During migration, they can be spotted in the Midwest before settling in southern and southwestern US states, the Pacific Coast, Mexico, and Central America.
You can find Yellow-rumped Warblers in coniferous forests, particularly during the breeding season. In winter, they can be observed in open areas with fruiting shrubs. They primarily feed on insects during summer and migration, while shifting to a diet predominantly consisting of fruit, including bayberry and wax myrtle, during winter.
Yellow-rumped Warbler Song:
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC602699. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/602699.
Nests constructed by Yellow-rumped Warblers are situated within conifer trees, utilizing twigs, pine needles, and grass. The nests are lined with soft grass, moss, and hair. The females lay up to six eggs, which hatch after approximately two weeks. The young ones leave the nest within two to three weeks.
To attract Yellow-rumped Warblers to your backyard, provide sunflower seeds, suet, raisins, and peanut butter.
Fun Fact: During winter, Yellow-rumped Warblers form flocks numbering in the thousands and exhibit aggression towards other species that encroach too closely.
4. Cedar Waxwing
Cedar Waxwings can be observed throughout the year in Maryland, but they are more commonly sighted during the breeding season. They appear in 15% of summer checklists and 4% of winter checklists.
These elegant and social birds have pale brown heads, chests, and crests, transitioning to gray on their backs and wings. Their bellies are pale yellow, and they sport bright yellow tips on their wings. They also have narrow black masks around their eyes and vibrant red wingtips.
Bombycilla cedrorum
Length: 5.5-6.7 inches (14-17 cm)
Weight: 1.1 ounces (32 g)
Wingspan: 8.7-11.8 inches (22-30 cm)
Cedar Waxwings breed in Canada before migrating to southern US states, Mexico, and Central America for winter. They are resident year-round in the northern US.
Cedar Waxwings can be found in berry bushes, woodlands, grasslands, towns, and along streams. They predominantly feed on fruit but also consume insects during the summer months.
Cedar Waxwing Call:
Credit: Peter Ward and Ken Hall, XC512254. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/512254.
Nests of Cedar Waxwings are constructed in trees using twigs, grass, hair, and plant materials. The nests are lined with pine needles and soft grass. They lay up to six eggs, which hatch after approximately twelve days. The young ones leave the nest in about sixteen days.
To attract Cedar Waxwings to your backyard, consider planting native trees and shrubs that bear small fruit, such as serviceberry, dogwood, juniper, winterberry, and hawthorn. You can also try offering fruit on platform feeders.
Fun Fact: Cedar Waxwings engage in a unique behavior of exchanging gifts during courtship, passing objects between mates.
5. American Redstart Female
American Redstarts are present in Maryland during the breeding season, but their numbers increase during migration in May and September. They appear in 11% of summer checklists and up to 26% of checklists during migration.
Male American Redstarts are predominantly black with vibrant orange patches and a white belly. Females, on the other hand, are olive-gray in color, displaying numerous yellow patches.
Setophaga ruticilla
Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.3 ounces (6-9 g)
Wingspan: 6.3-7.5 inches (16-19 cm)
American Redstarts breed in the eastern US and Canada, extending to northwestern US states. During migration, they can also be spotted in central and western US regions.
You can find American Redstarts in deciduous woodlands, where they actively forage for insects. They may also appear in backyards and thickets, feeding on berries such as serviceberry and magnolia.
American Redstart Song:
Credit: Nick Kiehl, XC522368. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/522368.
Nests of American Redstarts are situated close to tree trunks in trees or large shrubs. They are built using bark, grass, and other plant materials. The females lay up to five eggs, which incubate for just under two weeks. The young ones leave the nest within a week or two.
To attract American Redstarts to your backyard, consider planting berry plants such as magnolia and serviceberry.
Fun Fact: American Redstart parents selectively feed certain chicks, rather than feeding them all at once.
6. Scarlet Tanager Female
Scarlet Tanagers are commonly observed in Maryland during the summer, appearing in 15% of checklists during this time. They are predominantly seen from mid-April to October.
Female Scarlet Tanagers exhibit yellowish coloration on their undersides, heads, and grayish-brown wings and backs. In contrast, males showcase bold colors with black heads and backs, and reddish undersides.
Piranga olivacea
Length: 6.3-6.7 inches (16-17 cm)
Weight: 0.8-1.3 ounces (23-38 g)
Wingspan: 9.8-11.4 inches (25-29 cm)
During summer, Scarlet Tanagers breed in eastern forests before embarking on migration to western South America. They can be spotted in southeastern states during their migratory journeys.
Scarlet Tanagers often remain high in the forest canopy, making them challenging to spot. However, their presence may be indicated by flashes of red as they traverse branches in search of insects.
Scarlet Tanager Song:
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC599850. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/599850.
Nests of Scarlet Tanagers are swiftly constructed by females using loosely woven twigs, grass, and plant material. The interior is lined with soft grass, pine needles, and other materials. They lay approximately four eggs, which incubate for two weeks, and the young ones fledge within two weeks.
To attract Scarlet Tanagers, plant berry-producing trees and shrubs such as blackberries, raspberries, huckleberries, juneberries, serviceberries, mulberries, strawberries, and chokeberries.
Fun Fact: Male Scarlet Tanagers engage in singing battles, sometimes escalating into actual fights.
7. White-eyed Vireo
White-eyed Vireos reside in Maryland during the breeding season and are primarily observed from April to October. They appear in 11% of summer checklists.
These vireos feature gray heads with yellow accents around the forehead and distinct white eyes. They possess white throats and chests, yellow sides, greenish backs with darker wings, and two white wingbars.
Vireo griseus
Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.5 ounces (10-14 g)
Wingspan: 6.7 inches (17 cm)
White-eyed Vireos spend their summers across the southeastern United States, often hiding within thickets. Some populations remain resident along the coast, while they migrate to wintering grounds along the southeast coast of Mexico and the Caribbean.
You can find White-eyed Vireos in overgrown pastures, brambles, and other similar habitats. They feed on insects, flies, spiders, and occasionally berries during winter.
White-eyed Vireo Song:
Credit: Phoenix Birder, XC574070. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/574070.
Nests of White-eyed Vireos hang from
branches in shrubs. Initially shaped using spider webs, they are constructed with leaves, bark, and plant material. The nests are lined with soft grass, pine needles, and other gentle materials. The females lay around four eggs, which incubate for two weeks, and the young ones fledge after ten days.
Fun Fact: In winter, both male and female White-eyed Vireos sing, but during spring and summer, only the males produce melodious tunes from dawn until midday.
8. Baltimore Oriole Female
Galveston Co., TX
May 2005
Baltimore Orioles breed in Maryland and are present in 13% of summer checklists. They are primarily sighted from late April to mid-October.
Baltimore Orioles serve as colorful signs of spring in the eastern regions of North America. Adult males boast bright orange and black plumage, accompanied by white wing bars on their black wings.
Females exhibit a yellowish underside and head, along with brownish-gray wings and backs. They are roughly the size of a Robin but possess a more slender physique. Baltimore Orioles belong to the blackbird family.
Icterus galbula
Length: 6.7-7.5 inches (17-19 cm)
Weight: 1.1-1.4 ounces (30-40 g)
Wingspan: 9.1-11.8 inches (23-30 cm)
Baltimore Orioles breed in Eastern and Central States, including central-southern Canadian provinces and areas along the US southern border.
For winter, Baltimore Orioles migrate to Florida, Central America, and the Caribbean, with some departing as early as July.
Baltimore Orioles tend to inhabit open woodlands, riverbanks, forest edges, parks, and backyards. They forage for insects and fruit, and their diet includes beetles, crickets, grasshoppers, spiders, and snails. While they help control pest species, Baltimore Orioles have been known to cause damage to crops like raspberries, mulberries, cherries, bananas, and oranges.
Baltimore Oriole Sounds: The melodious flute-like song of Baltimore Orioles is a delight of the spring season. They also emit chattering and sharp alarm calls.
Christopher McPherson, XC690956. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/690956.
To attract Baltimore Orioles to your backyard, try placing halved oranges on a platform feeder or hanging them from trees. Oriole feeders filled with sugar water can also entice them. Additionally, planting fruiting plants and nectar-producing flowers such as raspberries, crab apples, and trumpet vines can prove enticing.
Fun Fact: Baltimore Orioles construct remarkable hanging bag-like nests woven from various fibers.
9. Orchard Oriole Female
Orchard Orioles can be observed in Maryland during the breeding season from April to November, appearing in 14% of summer checklists.
Female Orchard Orioles possess greenish-yellow plumage overall, with paler undersides and darker wings. They also exhibit white wingbars.
Males exhibit strikingly different appearances, featuring bold coloring with black heads, backs, and reddish undersides.
Icterus spurius
Length: 5.9-7.1 inches (15-18 cm)
Weight: 0.6-1.0 ounces (16-28 g)
Wingspan: 9.8 inches (25 cm)
During summer, Orchard Orioles breed in the eastern half of the United States before migrating to Mexico and Central America.
Orchard Orioles prefer open woodlands, riverbanks, open shrublands, farms, and backyards. They construct hanging pouch-like nests.
Orchard Orioles predominantly feed on insects such as ants, caterpillars, beetles, and grassh
oppers, as well as spiders. They also drink nectar from flowers and consume fruits like mulberries and chokeberries.
Orchard Oriole Sounds: They produce a jumbled series of whistles lasting approximately 3 to 4 seconds.
Paul Driver, XC651124. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/651124.
Nests of Orchard Orioles are cup-shaped and made from long grasses, suspended from small branches of trees. They lay 4-6 eggs, which require around two weeks to hatch.
To attract Orchard Orioles to your yard, offer hummingbird feeders or platform feeders with cut oranges or mango. Additionally, planting native fruit-bearing trees and vines such as mulberries or chokeberries can be enticing.
Fun Fact: Orchard Orioles are the smallest species of blackbird in North America.
10. Pine Warbler
Pine Warblers are frequently observed in Maryland during the breeding season, and their numbers increase during spring and fall migration, although some individuals remain year-round.
These small, plump yellow birds exhibit olive backs, white lower bellies, and gray wingbars. Females may appear slightly brownish, with more white on the belly.
Setophaga pinus
Length: 5.1-5.5 inches (13-14 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.5 ounces (9-15 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-9.1 inches (19-23 cm)
Pine Warblers primarily breed in northeastern US states before migrating to southeastern US states. Some individuals remain year-round in the southeastern US.
Pine Warblers are commonly found in pine forests, as their name suggests, often high up in the trees. They primarily feed on caterpillars, beetles, spiders, and other insects and larvae. During colder weather, they may consume fruit and seeds.
Pine Warbler Song:
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC602052. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/602052.
Nests of Pine Warblers are typically situated in pine trees. They are constructed using twigs, bark, pine needles, and grass, bound together with spider silk. The nests are lined with feathers and animal hair. Pine Warblers lay up to five eggs, which hatch after approximately two weeks. The young ones leave the nest within two to three weeks.
To attract Pine Warblers to your yard, consider using tube feeders and platform feeders stocked with millet, cracked corn, sunflower seeds, peanut hearts, and suet. Planting native fruit-bearing trees and vines such as bayberry, grape, sumac, and Virginia creeper may also entice them.
Fun Fact: Pine Warblers are one of the few warbler species that primarily consume seeds, making them more likely visitors to backyard feeders.
11. Yellow Warbler
Yellow Warblers are a common sight in Maryland during the breeding season, with their vibrant yellow plumage adding a splash of color to the landscape. They appear in 21% of summer checklists.
These small songbirds feature bright yellow bodies with olive-green streaks on their backs. Males often display bold, rust-colored streaks on their chests, while females have a more subdued appearance.
Setophaga petechia
Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (9-12 g)
Wingspan: 6.7-7.9 inches (17-20 cm)
Yellow Warblers breed across North America and spend their winters in Central and South America.
You can find Yellow Warblers in various habitats, including open woodlands, wetlands, and shrubby areas near water. They primarily feed on insects, including caterpillars, spiders, and beetles.
Yellow Warbler Song:
Credit: Doug Knapp, XC643401. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/643401.
Nests of Yellow Warblers are intricately woven structures, typically situated in shrubs or small trees. They are made from plant fibers, spider silk, and grass, providing a secure and cozy space for their eggs. Females lay around four to five eggs, which hatch after approximately 11 to 12 days.
To attract Yellow Warblers, provide dense shrubs and trees in your backyard, along with a water source. These birds are also drawn to nectar-producing flowers and may occasionally visit feeders with mealworms or suet.
Fun Fact: Yellow Warblers are known for their remarkable migratory journeys, some traveling up to 6,000 miles each way between their breeding and wintering grounds.
12. Yellow-throated Vireo
Yellow-throated Vireos can be spotted in Maryland during the breeding season from April to September, appearing in 5% of summer checklists.
These small, vibrant songbirds showcase yellow throats and olive-green backs. They have a white eyebrow stripe and grayish-white underparts.
Vireo flavifrons
Length: 5.5-6.3 inches (14-16 cm)
Weight: 0.5-0.7 ounces (15-20 g)
Wingspan: 8.3-9.4 inches (21-24 cm)
Yellow-throated Vireos breed in eastern North America and spend their winters in Mexico and Central America.
You can find Yellow-throated Vireos in deciduous forests, particularly near streams and rivers. They primarily feed on insects, including caterpillars, beetles, and spiders.
Yellow-throated Vireo Song:
Credit: Rick Fisher, XC592320. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/592320.
Nests of Yellow-throated Vireos are cup-shaped and typically positioned in the fork of a tree branch. They are constructed with twigs, grass, bark strips, and spider webs, providing a sturdy structure for their eggs. Females lay 3-5 eggs, which hatch after approximately two weeks.
To attract Yellow-throated Vireos to your yard, maintain a diverse habitat with mature trees and shrubs, and provide a water source. Offering a variety of insects and caterpillars will also support their foraging needs.
Fun Fact: Yellow-throated Vireos are known for their distinctive song, which has been described as sounding like “three beers, please.”
13. Prairie Warbler
Prairie Warblers are summer residents of Maryland, typically arriving in April and departing in September. They appear in 12% of summer checklists.
These small, lively warblers showcase bright yellow bodies with bold black streaks on their sides. Males often have chestnut-colored backs, while females display more olive-brown plumage.
Setophaga discolor
Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (8-12 g)
Wingspan: 6.7-7.5 inches (17-19 cm)
Prairie Warblers breed in open habitats across eastern North America, such as grasslands, shrubby fields, and pine barrens.
You can find Prairie Warblers foraging for insects among low vegetation and shrubs. They have a preference for beetles, caterpillars, and spiders.
Prairie Warbler Song:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC629167. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/629167.
Nests of Prairie Warblers are built on the ground or in low vegetation. They construct cup-shaped nests using grasses, plant fibers, and spider webs, providing a secure spot for their eggs. Females lay 3-5 eggs, which hatch after approximately 10 to 12 days.
To attract Prairie Warblers, maintain open areas with suitable shrubs and grasses. Providing a water source and avoiding pesticide use will also create a welcoming environment for these vibrant birds.
Fun Fact: Prairie Warblers have a unique habit of flicking their tails, which helps distinguish them from other warbler species.
14. Prothonotary Warbler
Prothonotary Warblers are migratory birds that visit Maryland during the breeding season, usually from late April to September. They appear in 6% of summer checklists.
These striking warblers showcase bright yellow plumage, contrasting with their gray wings. They have a distinctive blue-gray color on their upperbacks and white underparts.
Protonotaria citrea
Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 ounces (11-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 inches (19-22 cm)
Prothonotary Warblers breed in bottomland hardwood forests, swamps, and other wetland habitats across the eastern United States.
You can find Prothonotary Warblers near water, where they forage for insects, spiders, and small crustaceans.
Prothonotary Warbler Song:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC628942. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/628942.
Nests of Prothonotary Warblers are typically built in tree cavities or nest boxes near water. They construct cup-shaped nests using moss, bark, and plant fibers, often lining them with feathers. Females lay 3-7 eggs, which hatch after approximately 12 to 14 days.
To attract Prothonotary Warblers, provide nest boxes near bodies of water, such as ponds or streams. Conserving wetland habitats and maintaining suitable nesting sites will increase their chances of breeding in your area.
Fun Fact: Prothonotary Warblers are sometimes referred to as “Golden Swamp Warblers” due to their brilliant golden-yellow coloration and affinity for wetland habitats.
15. Yellow-throated Warbler
Yellow-throated Warblers are a rare treat in Maryland, with occasional sightings during migration. They are predominantly observed from April to May and September to October.
These small warblers showcase yellow bodies with bold black streaks on their sides. They have a distinctive black throat and face patch, along with a white eyebrow stripe.
Setophaga dominica
Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (9-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.1-7.9 inches (18-20 cm)
Yellow-throated Warblers breed in southeastern swamps and bottomland forests, ranging from the Gulf Coast to the Carolinas.
You can find Yellow-throated Warblers foraging for insects among the upper branches of trees, often in the company of mixed flocks.
Yellow-throated Warbler Song:
Credit: David Simpson, XC675221. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/675221.
Nests of Yellow-throated Warblers are typically built in tree cavities, usually excavated by woodpeckers. They construct cup-shaped nests using moss, bark, and plant fibers, lining them with softer materials. Females lay 3-5 eggs, which hatch after approximately 12 to 13 days.
Due to their rarity in Maryland, attracting Yellow-throated Warblers to your yard can be challenging. However, preserving and protecting suitable forested habitats may increase their chances of visiting during migration.
Fun Fact: Yellow-throated Warblers are skilled insect hunters, using their sharp beaks to capture prey in mid-air.
16. Summer Tanager
Summer Tanagers are a colorful sight in Maryland during the breeding season, with their vibrant red plumage standing out among the foliage. They appear in 5% of summer checklists.
Male Summer Tanagers display striking all-red plumage, while females have a more subdued yellow-green coloration.
Piranga rubra
Length: 6.3-7.1 inches (16-18 cm)
Weight: 0.8-1.0 ounces (24-28 g)
Wingspan: 10.2-11.0 inches (26-28 cm)
Summer Tanagers breed across the southeastern United States, with their range extending into parts of the Midwest.
You can find Summer Tanagers in forested habitats, particularly in the canopy and mid-story levels. They primarily feed on insects, including bees, wasps, beetles, and flies.
Summer Tanager Song:
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC437333. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/437333.
Nests of Summer Tanagers are typically built on horizontal branches of tall trees, constructed using twigs, plant fibers, and grasses. They lay 3-5 eggs, which hatch after approximately 11 to 14 days.
To attract Summer Tanagers, provide mature trees and wooded areas in your yard. Maintaining a diverse insect population will also entice them to visit.
Fun Fact: Male Summer Tanagers sometimes adopt a “flycatcher-like” behavior, hovering in the air to catch flying insects.
17. Hooded Warbler
Hooded Warblers are migratory birds that visit Maryland during the breeding season, usually from late April to September. They appear in 8% of summer checklists.
These small, striking warblers showcase bright yellow bodies with a distinctive black hood covering their head and throat. Females have a more subdued olive-green coloration.
Setophaga citrina
Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.7-7.5 inches (17-19 cm)
Hooded Warblers breed in deciduous forests across the eastern United States.
You can find Hooded Warblers foraging for insects among low vegetation and shrubs, often near streams and wet areas.
Hooded Warbler Song:
Credit: Patrick Kelley, XC656666. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/656666.
Nests of Hooded Warblers are typically positioned close to the ground, constructed using grasses, plant fibers, and other fine materials. They lay 3-4 eggs, which hatch after approximately 12 to 13 days.
To attract Hooded Warblers, maintain dense understory vegetation and provide water sources such as birdbaths. Avoiding the use of pesticides will create a more welcoming environment for these beautiful warblers.
Fun Fact: Hooded Warblers are known for their unique breeding behavior, as females often build multiple nests and use them sequentially for different broods.
18. Dickcissel
Dickcissels are summer visitors to Maryland, primarily observed from May to August. They appear in 7% of summer checklists.
These small, stocky songbirds showcase a mix of yellow and brown plumage. Males have distinctive black throat patches and yellow eyebrows.
Spiza americana
Length: 5.5-6.3 inches (14-16 cm)
Weight: 0.6-0.9 ounces (17-26 g)
Wingspan: 9.8-10.6 inches (25-27 cm)
Dickcissels breed in grasslands and prairies across the central United States and into southern Canada.
You can find Dickcissels perched on tall grasses and shrubs, where they forage for seeds and insects.
Dickcissel Song:
Credit: Dan Lane, XC563078. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/563078.
Nests of Dickcissels are typically built on the ground, hidden among grasses and vegetation. Females construct cup-shaped nests using grasses and other plant materials, lining them with finer materials. They lay 3-5 eggs, which hatch after approximately 12 to 13 days.
To attract Dickcissels, maintain open grassy areas or meadows in your yard. Providing bird feeders with a mix of seeds can also entice them during their migration period.
Fun Fact: Dickcissels are known for their distinctive “dick-cissel” song, which consists of a series of sharp notes.
19. Yellow-rumped Warbler
Yellow-rumped Warblers are winter visitors to Maryland, primarily observed from October to April. They appear in 17% of winter checklists.
During the winter, these warblers display a mix of gray, black, and white plumage, with a bright yellow rump patch and yellow spots on their sides.
Setophaga coronata
Length: 4.7-5.5 inches (12-14 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 ounces (12-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-9.1 inches (19-23 cm)
Yellow-rumped Warblers breed in coniferous forests across North America.
You can find Yellow-rumped Warblers foraging for insects and berries, with a particular fondness for wax myrtle and bayberry during the winter months.
Yellow-rumped Warbler Song:
Credit: Mike Nelson, XC565831. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/565831.
Nests of Yellow-rumped Warblers are typically built in coniferous trees, constructed using twigs, grasses, and lichens, lined with feathers and hair. They lay 3-5 eggs, which hatch after approximately 12 to 13 days.
To attract Yellow-rumped Warblers, provide coniferous trees and shrubs in your yard, along with a reliable source of water. Supplementing their diet with berries, such as suet or raisins, can also be beneficial.
Fun Fact: Yellow-rumped Warblers are known for their
ability to digest the waxy coating on berries, allowing them to survive on fruits during the winter when insects are scarce.
20. Chipping Sparrow
Chipping Sparrows are common residents of Maryland, observed throughout the year. They appear in 75% of summer checklists and 59% of winter checklists.
These small, lively sparrows showcase a mix of brown, gray, and white plumage. They have a distinctive rusty cap and a black line through their eye.
Spizella passerina
Length: 4.7-5.9 inches (12-15 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 ounces (11-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-9.1 inches (20-23 cm)
Chipping Sparrows breed across North America, with their range extending into parts of Mexico and Central America.
You can find Chipping Sparrows foraging for seeds and insects on the ground and in low shrubs. They often visit bird feeders, particularly for millet and sunflower seeds.
Chipping Sparrow Song:
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC438181. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/438181.
Nests of Chipping Sparrows are typically built in trees or shrubs, constructed using grasses, rootlets, and other fine materials. Females lay 3-5 eggs, which hatch after approximately 11 to 14 days.
To attract Chipping Sparrows, provide a variety of seeds and insects in your yard, along with suitable shrubs and trees for nesting. Maintaining a clean and reliable water source will also support their needs.
Fun Fact: Chipping Sparrows are known for their distinctive, repetitive song, often described as sounding like a sewing machine.
21. Field Sparrow
Field Sparrows are common in Maryland during the breeding season, typically observed from April to September. They appear in 29% of summer checklists.
These medium-sized sparrows showcase a mix of brown, gray, and buff-colored plumage. They have a distinct pink bill and a white eye-ring.
Spizella pusilla
Length: 4.7-5.9 inches (12-15 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.6 ounces (11-17 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-9.1 inches (20-23 cm)
Field Sparrows breed in open habitats, including grasslands, meadows, and shrubby fields, across eastern North America.
You can find Field Sparrows foraging for seeds and insects on the ground, often singing from elevated perches such as shrubs or fence posts.
Field Sparrow Song:
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC438204. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/438204.
Nests of Field Sparrows are typically built on the ground, hidden among grasses and vegetation. They construct cup-shaped nests using grasses, rootlets, and other fine materials, often lining them with hair or feathers. They lay 3-5 eggs, which hatch after approximately 11 to 13 days.
To attract Field Sparrows, maintain open grassy areas or meadows in your yard, allowing for the growth of native grasses and wildflowers. Avoiding the use of pesticides will also create a more suitable habitat for these sparrows and their insect prey.
Fun Fact: Field Sparrows have a melodious, sweet song that consists of a series of clear, whistled notes.
22. Song Sparrow
Song Sparrows are common residents of Maryland throughout the year. They appear in 77% of summer checklists and 71% of winter checklists.
These medium-sized sparrows showcase a mix of brown, gray, and buff-colored plumage, with dark streaks on their chest and sides. Each individual may vary slightly in appearance.
Melospiza melodia
Length: 5.5-7.1 inches (14-18 cm)
Weight: 0.7-1.1 ounces (20-31 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-9.1 inches (20-23 cm)
Song Sparrows breed across North America, with their range extending into parts of Alaska and Canada.
You can find Song Sparrows foraging for seeds, insects, and small invertebrates on the ground and in low vegetation. They often sing from exposed perches.
Song Sparrow Song:
Credit: Martin St-Michel, XC584651. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/584651.
Nests of Song Sparrows are typically built on or near the ground, hidden among vegetation. They construct cup-shaped nests using grasses, twigs, and other plant materials, often lining them with finer materials. They lay 2-6 eggs, which hatch after approximately 10 to 14 days.
To attract Song Sparrows, provide a mix of dense shrubs and open areas in your yard. Offering a variety of seeds and insects will cater to their dietary needs.
Fun Fact: Song Sparrows are known for their diverse and variable songs, with individuals in different regions having distinct song dialects.
23. Eastern Meadowlark
Eastern Meadowlarks are common residents of Maryland throughout the year. They appear in 34% of summer checklists and 16% of winter checklists.
These medium-sized birds belong to the blackbird family and showcase a mix of bright yellow underparts and brown upperparts, with black V-shaped markings on their chests.
Sturnella magna
Length:
7.9-10.2 inches (20-26 cm)
Weight: 4.2-6.7 ounces (119-190 g)
Wingspan: 14.2-16.1 inches (36-41 cm)
Eastern Meadowlarks breed in grasslands, pastures, and meadows across eastern and central North America.
You can find Eastern Meadowlarks foraging for insects, spiders, and seeds on the ground, often perching on fence posts or shrubs to sing their melodic songs.
Eastern Meadowlark Song:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC635420. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/635420.
Nests of Eastern Meadowlarks are typically built on the ground, hidden among vegetation. They construct cup-shaped nests using grasses, lined with finer materials such as hair and rootlets. They lay 3-6 eggs, which hatch after approximately 13 to 14 days.
To attract Eastern Meadowlarks, maintain open grassy areas or meadows in your yard. Providing perching spots, such as fence posts or low shrubs, will also entice them to visit.
Fun Fact: Eastern Meadowlarks are known for their distinctive, flute-like songs that can carry for long distances across open fields.
24. Yellow-breasted Chat
Yellow-breasted Chats are migratory birds that visit Maryland during the breeding season, typically from April to September. They appear in 6% of summer checklists.
These large songbirds showcase a mix of olive-green, gray, and yellow plumage, with a bright yellow breast and a distinctive white eyering.
Icteria virens
Length: 6.7-7.9 inches (17-20 cm)
Weight: 1.2-1.4 ounces (35-40 g)
Wingspan: 9.1-9.8 inches (23-25 cm)
Yellow-breasted Chats breed in shrubby habitats, including thickets, hedgerows, and young forests, across eastern and central North America.
You can find Yellow-breasted Chats foraging for insects, spiders, and berries in dense vegetation. They are often heard before they are seen, as they have a repertoire of loud and varied songs.
Yellow-breasted Chat Song:
Credit: Jerry R. Acton, XC251622. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/251622.
Nests of Yellow-breasted Chats are typically built in dense shrubs or low trees, constructed using twigs, grasses, and other plant materials. They lay 3-5 eggs, which hatch after approximately 11 to 12 days.
To attract Yellow-breasted Chats, create dense shrubby habitats with a mix of native plants in your yard. Avoid excessive pruning or clearing of vegetation to provide suitable nesting and foraging areas.
Fun Fact: Yellow-breasted Chats are known for their highly vocal nature and their ability to mimic the songs of other birds.
25. Dickissel
Dickissels are summer visitors to Maryland, primarily observed from May to August. They appear in 7% of summer checklists.
These small, stocky songbirds showcase a mix of yellow and brown plumage. Males have distinctive black throat patches and yellow eyebrows.
Spiza americana
Length: 5.5-6.3 inches (14-16 cm)
Weight: 0.6-0.9 ounces (17-26 g)
Wingspan: 9.8-10.6 inches (25-27 cm)
Dickissels breed in grasslands and prairies across the central United States and into southern Canada.
You can find Dickissels perched on tall grasses and shrubs, where they for age for seeds and insects.
Dickissel Song:
Credit: Dan Lane, XC563078. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/563078.
Nests of Dickissels are typically built on the ground, hidden among grasses and vegetation. Females construct cup-shaped nests using grasses and other plant materials, lining them with hair or feathers. They lay 3-5 eggs, which hatch after approximately 12 to 13 days.
To attract Dickissels, maintain open grassy areas or meadows in your yard. Providing bird feeders with a mix of seeds can also entice them during their migration period.
Fun Fact: Dickissels are known for their distinctive “dick-cissel” song, which consists of a series of sharp notes.
26. Mourning Warbler
Mourning Warblers are migratory birds that visit Maryland during the breeding season, typically from May to September. They appear in 4% of summer checklists.
These small songbirds showcase a mix of gray, olive, and yellow-green plumage, with a bright yellow chest and belly. Males have a distinctive black facial mask.
Geothlypis philadelphia
Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (9-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.3 inches (19-21 cm)
Mourning Warblers breed in dense understory vegetation of moist forests across eastern North America.
You can find Mourning Warblers foraging for insects and spiders low in the vegetation, often staying hidden among dense foliage.
Mourning Warbler Song:
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC523138. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/523138.
Nests of Mourning Warblers are typically built on or near the ground, hidden among vegetation. They construct cup-shaped nests using grasses, rootlets, and other fine materials, often lining them with hair or feathers. They lay 3-5 eggs, which hatch after approximately 10 to 12 days.
To attract Mourning Warblers, create dense understory vegetation with a variety of native plants in your yard. Avoid excessive pruning or clearing to provide suitable nesting and foraging areas.
Fun Fact: Mourning Warblers have a distinctive “churry” call that sounds like two stones being tapped together.
27. Connecticut Warbler
Connecticut Warblers are migratory birds that pass through Maryland during the spring and fall migration, typically from May to June and August to September. They appear in 2% of checklists during migration.
These medium-sized warblers showcase a mix of olive-brown, gray, and yellow plumage, with a yellow throat and breast. They have a distinctive gray hood and a thin eye-ring.
Oporornis agilis
Length: 5.9-6.3 inches (15-16 cm)
Weight: 0.5-0.6 ounces (14-16 g)
Wingspan: 8.7-9.8 inches (22-25 cm)
Connecticut Warblers breed in dense, damp thickets and bogs in northern North America, including parts of Canada.
During migration, you can find Connecticut Warblers foraging for insects and spiders in low vegetation, often staying hidden among dense foliage.
Connecticut Warbler Song:
Credit: Peter Ward, XC435116. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/435116.
Nests of Connecticut Warblers are typically built on or near the ground in moist, mossy areas. They construct cup-shaped nests using grasses, moss, and other fine materials, lining them with feathers or hair. They lay 4-5 eggs, which hatch after approximately 10 to 11 days.
Connecticut Warblers are not commonly attracted to backyard settings, as they prefer dense, remote habitats. Providing suitable habitat conservation measures, such as preserving wetlands, can indirectly support their breeding success.
Fun Fact: Connecticut Warblers are named after the state where one of the first specimens was collected, not because they breed there.
28. Wilson’s Warbler
Wilson’s Warblers are migratory birds that pass through Maryland during the spring and fall migration, typically from April to May and August to September. They appear in 9% of checklists during migration.
These small songbirds showcase bright yellow plumage, with a distinctive black cap and a black eye-ring. Males have a larger black cap than females.
Cardellina pusilla
Length: 4.3-4.7 inches (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.1-7.9 inches (18-20 cm)
Wilson’s Warblers breed in dense shrubby habitats, including willow thickets and wetlands, across western North America and into parts of Alaska and Canada.
During migration, you can find Wilson’s Warblers foraging for insects and spiders in low vegetation, often near water sources.
Wilson’s Warbler Song:
Credit: Stanislas Wroza, XC597365. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/597365.
Nests of Wilson’s Warblers are typically built close to the ground in dense vegetation, often hidden among shrubs or grasses. They construct cup-shaped nests using grasses, moss, and other fine materials, lined with feathers or hair. They lay 3-6 eggs, which hatch after approximately 10 to 12 days.
To attract Wilson’s Warblers, create dense shrubby habitats with a mix of native plants in your yard. Providing a water source, such as a birdbath, can also be enticing during migration.
Fun Fact: Wilson’s Warblers have a distinctive habit of constantly wagging their tails while foraging.
29. Evening Grosbeak
Evening Grosbeaks are occasional visitors to Maryland during the winter months. They appear in 5% of winter checklists.
These large, stocky finches showcase a striking combination of yellow, black, and white plumage. Males have a prominent yellow forehead and a black crown.
Coccothraustes vespertinus
Length: 7.1-8.7 inches (18-22 cm)
Weight: 2.2-3.4 ounces (62-96 g)
Wingspan: 12.2-13.8 inches (31-35 cm)
Evening Grosbeaks are primarily found in coniferous forests of western North America. However, during irruption years, they can venture into eastern regions, including Maryland.
You can find Evening Grosbeaks foraging for seeds, berries, and insects in trees, often forming large flocks.
Evening Grosbeak Call:
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC606005. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/606005.
Evening Grosbeaks do not typically build nests in Maryland, as their breeding range is primarily in western North America. However, during the winter months, they may utilize nest structures built by other birds.
To attract Evening Grosbeaks, provide a variety of bird feeders with a mix of sunflower seeds, safflower seeds, and suet. Planting trees and shrubs that bear fruits or berries can also help in attracting them.
Fun Fact: Evening Grosbeaks are highly social birds and often visit feeders in large flocks, creating a vibrant and lively spectacle.
So there you have it, a comprehensive list of 29 yellow birds that can be found in Maryland. Whether you’re a birdwatcher or simply enjoy observing nature, these vibrant and diverse species are sure to add color and beauty to your outdoor experiences. Happy birding!