There exists a wide array of blossoms that captivate hummingbirds, but the key is to discover plants that can endure and flourish in your particular weather conditions. Should the climate be excessively hot or cold, these plants will either perish or fail to produce enough flowers to satisfy the hummingbirds’ need for nectar collection.
The USDA map, which divides the United States into 13 zones based on the average minimum temperature, assists in identifying suitable plants. Additionally, within each state, multiple zones can be found. Different plants thrive in different zones and can withstand low temperatures, but they cannot survive when faced with extreme cold.
In the case of Nebraska, the state experiences scorching summers and frigid winters, placing it in plant hardiness zones 4 and 5.
To account for plants that may face excessive heat, the American Horticultural Society devised a plant heat-zone map. This map displays the average number of days with temperatures exceeding 86 degrees Fahrenheit in a given area.
In Nebraska, it is the cold winters that impact the ability to cultivate certain plants favored by hummingbirds, rather than the warm summers.
To ensure that the selected plants not only possess nectar-rich flowers adored by hummingbirds but also thrive in Nebraska’s weather conditions, all of these hummingbird-friendly plants have been scrutinized against the cold and heat zones in the state.
Therefore, it is advisable to plant as many of these flowers as possible to entice hummingbirds to flock to Nebraska.
Hummingbird Plants in Nebraska’s Cold Zones 4 and 5:
1. Nasturtiums
Nasturtiums are cascading edible flowers that are ideal for creating suspended baskets, enticing hummingbirds with their abundant nectar and unique deep flowers.
Typically cultivated as annuals, they come in trailing or bushy varieties. Plant the seeds just after the final frosts outdoors, and ensure they receive adequate watering during the growing season while deadheading the spent flowers.
Common Name: Nasturtiums
Scientific Name: Tropaeolum
Growing Zones: 2 – 11
Sun: Full
Soil: Well-drained
Colors: Red, orange, yellow, pink
Height: 1 – 10 feet
Spread: 1 – 3 feet
Plant Type: Annual
2. Zinnia
Zinnias are flowering shrubs that originate from the scrublands and dry grasslands of North America. They belong to the sunflower tribe, Heliantheae, within the extensive daisy family, Asteraceae.
Zinnias can be categorized into three primary types based on their petal configuration. Single-flowered zinnias have a solitary row of petals with a visible center. Double-flowered zinnias possess multiple rows of petals without a visible center. Semi-double-flowered zinnias have numerous rows with discernible centers.
Among these, Zinnia elegans stands out as a classic variety, favored for backyard and garden settings. With its tall stems and vibrant colors, it reaches a height of 4 feet and boasts numerous brilliantly-colored flowers that bloom from early summer until frost. These flowers attract not only hummingbirds but also butterflies and other pollinators.
Cultivating zinnias is a straightforward process, but they are best planted directly in their desired location, as they dislike transplantation. Once they establish themselves under full sun and in well-drained soil, their vibrant blooms will delight observers for an extended period.
Common Name: Zinnia
Scientific Name: Zinnia elegans
Growing Zones: Annuals in 2-8, Perennials in 9-11
Sun: Full sun
Soil: Neutral to slightly alkaline, well-draining
Colors: White, yellow, orange, pink, red, purple
Height: 1 – 4 feet tall
Spread: 12 – 18 feet wide
Plant Type: Annual, Perennial Shrubs
3. Agastache
Agastache, pronounced as “ah-GAH-stuh-kee,” comprises aromatic herbaceous perennials, boasting approximately 22 species, most of which are indigenous to North America. They are commonly known as “hummingbird mints” and “Giant hyssops.” Besides their allure to hummingbirds, they can also be utilized in the creation of herbal tea.
Agastache flowers captivate hummingbirds by standing out amidst the leaves. Their clusters consist of numerous tiny flowers, resulting in a fuzzy appearance. These striking purple and red flowers, hummingbirds’ favored colors, entice these avian visitors, particularly during their peak bloom in the summer.
To cultivate Agastache flowers effectively, it is recommended to initiate their growth as indoor plants in May and subsequently transplant them into flower beds during the summer. They require full sun and regular watering during the establishment phase. Once established, they exhibit drought tolerance and can thrive with minimal intervention.
As desert plants, Agastache species can endure scorching temperatures. Consequently, excessive watering should be avoided, as it may lead to root rot. Instead, it is advisable to provide sufficient moisture and allow the plants to dry out naturally.
Common Name: Agastache, Hummingbird Mint, Hyssop
Scientific Name: Agastache
Growing Zones: 3 – 10
Sun: Full Sun
Soil: Lean soil, well-drained
Colors: Blue, purple, red, orange, pink, white
Height: 3 to 5 feet tall
Spread: Varies
Plant Type: Herbaceous perennial
4. Morning Glory
The term “Morning Glory” encompasses over 1,000 species of flowering plants within the Convolvulaceae family. The name stems from the fact that the flowers open early in the morning and close during the heat of the day. However, some species within the Morning Glory family bloom at night rather than during the day, such as Ipomoea alba.
Morning Glory flowers showcase vibrant and colorful blooms, accompanied by fast-growing vines and bright green foliage. They exhibit a remarkable tolerance for poor and dry soils. These vines are often entwined around arbors or allowed to crawl along the exterior walls of houses with the support of trellises.
One of the well-known Morning Glory species renowned for attracting hummingbirds is Ipomoea purpurea. This variety produces bright purple, trumpet-shaped flowers and heart-shaped leaves that unfurl in the morning and close in the afternoon. Its blooming period spans from early summer to early fall.
Morning Glory is an annual vine but may behave as a perennial in more temperate climates. It is crucial to expose Morning Glories to full sun, for approximately 8 hours per day, to facilitate optimal blooming.
However, caution must be exercised to prevent these fast-growing vines from becoming invasive. Furthermore, their seeds can be toxic if ingested, necessitating the avoidance of proximity between children, pets, and the plant.
Common Name: Morning Glory, Common Morning Glory
Scientific Name: Convolvulaceae family
Growing Zones: 2 – 11
Sun: Full sun
Soil: Moist, well-draining
Colors: White, pink, purple, blue
Height: 6 – 10 feet tall
Spread: 3 – 6 feet wide
Plant Type: Annual
5. Impatiens
Bright and vibrant annuals like Impatiens are exceptional for illuminating shaded areas while also attracting hummingbirds.
These plants thrive in moist, well-drained soil and prefer deep shade, making them suitable for hanging on porches.
Typically, Impatiens are grown from tray-purchased plants, densely planted together to create lush mats of flowers and foliage.
Seeds can be collected from mature plants and sown indoors approximately 10 weeks before the last frost, as they require a significant amount of time to bloom. Alternatively, cuttings can be taken in the autumn and grown indoors until the frost has passed.
Common Name: Impatiens, Jewelweed, Touch-me-not, Snapweed, Patience
Scientific Name: Impatiens
Growing Zones: 2 – 11
Sun: Shade or partial shade
Soil: Rich, well-draining
Colors: Red, pink, purple, yellow, coral
Height: 6 – 36 inches
Spread: 1 – 3 feet
Plant Type: Annual
6. Columbine
Columbines stand out as one of the most favorable plants for attracting hummingbirds due to their range of vibrant colors and ability to thrive in partial shade.
Columbine, also known as Aquilegia, is an elegant perennial plant featuring spiky, bell-shaped blooms that can measure anywhere from 3 to 6 inches in length.
Numerous varieties of columbine exist, but most flourish in areas with varying degrees of sunlight, from full sun to partial shade. They typically bloom in early spring, making them an ideal choice for hummingbird enthusiasts.
Apart from shade tolerance, columbines demonstrate drought tolerance and resistance to deer. To cultivate columbines, it is recommended to sow the seeds directly in the ground during spring. Alternatively, indoor sowing can be undertaken 6 to 8 weeks before the last frost. It is worth noting that seed-grown plants may not produce flowers until their second year.
Common Name: Columbine, Aquilegia
Scientific Name: Aquilegia
Growing Zones: 3 – 9
Sun: Full sun to partial shade
Soil: Neutral pH, moist but not wet
Colors: Red, pink, blue, orange, white, yellow
Height: 1 – 3 feet
Spread: 1 foot
Plant Type: Perennial
7. Coneflower
Coneflower, scientifically known as Echinacea, belongs to the daisy family, Asteraceae. The name “Coneflower” stems from the downward-pointing petals that form a cone-like shape when the central flower head opens.
With ten species in its genus, coneflowers exhibit a variety of characteristics. The most common and popular species is Echinacea purpurea, also referred to as the purple coneflower. This native plant of eastern North America boasts large, vibrant flowers in shades of white, pink, orange, yellow, and red, depending on the variety.
Coneflowers thrive in full sun, with their bright colors attracting hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies. The nectar-rich central cone acts as a feast for these pollinators.
To cultivate coneflowers successfully, it is advisable to provide well-drained soil and expose them to full sun. Their flowering period typically spans from summer to fall, adding a touch of interest even during the winter months.
Common Name: Coneflower
Scientific Name: Echinacea
Growing Zones: 3 – 9
Sun: Full Sun
Soil: Varies
Colors: White, yellow, orange, pink, red, purple, green
Height: 2 to 5 feet tall
Spread: 1 ½ to 2 feet wide
Plant Type: Perennial
8. Penstemon
Penstemon, a genus encompassing over 250 ornamental flowering plants, belongs to the Plantain family (Plantaginaceae). Its name derives from the tuft of small hairs resembling a beard on the pollen-free stamen that protrudes from the flowers.
With a wide range of species, Penstemon offers various options to suit different backyard settings. These drought-tolerant plants are renowned for attracting hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies while requiring minimal maintenance. Their lovely blooms bring vibrant colors to any garden.
Penstemon flowers bloom in early summer, creating spires adorned with clusters of tubular flowers. The colors vary depending on the chosen variety, encompassing shades of blue, purple, red, orange, white, pink, and yellow.
For optimal growth, it is recommended to plant penstemons in areas that receive full sunlight. They prefer lean, fast-draining soil and can withstand drought conditions once established. However, providing occasional watering is beneficial. Selecting a variety that suits the local soil condition and climate ensures prolonged enjoyment of these delightful plants.
Common Name: Penstemon, Foxglove Beard-tongue, Talus Slope Penstemon, White Beardtongue
Scientific Name: Penstemon
Growing Zones: 3 – 9
Sun: Full sun
Soil: Lean, fast-draining soil
Colors: Blue, purple, red, orange, white, pink, yellow
Height: 6 to 12 inches, 1 to 3 feet, 3 to 8 feet
Spread: 8 to 20 inches
Plant Type: Perennial
9. Summersweet
Summersweet, scientifically known as Clethra alnifolia, is a flowering shrub that not only enhances the visual appeal of your backyard but also attracts hummingbirds.
As a native plant of eastern North America, Summersweet thrives in various climates, particularly in wetland areas and along the edges of ponds and streams.
Summersweet stands out with its vertical spikes of spicy-scented white flowers against dark green foliage. The green leaves transition to shades of yellow or gold during autumn. The plant derives its name from the brown seed capsules resembling peppercorns that are released after the flowers bloom.
Flowering from July to August, Summersweet produces 2 to 6 -inch-long clusters of white or pink blossoms. The alluring fragrance of the flowers captivates butterflies and hummingbirds, while the pepper-like seeds serve as a food source for birds in autumn.
Thriving in moist to wet soil, Summersweet prefers shaded environments. It exhibits drought tolerance and can even withstand salty air due to its coastal origins.
To ensure proper care, ample spacing is recommended to accommodate the plant’s spreading nature. Maintaining soil moisture and pruning old branches during spring promote new growth and enhance the shrub’s shape.
Common Name: Summersweet, Coastal Sweet Pepperbush
Scientific Name: Clethra alnifolia
Growing Zones: 3 – 9
Sun: Full sun or partial shade
Soil: Moist to wet soil, slightly acidic
Colors: White, pink, rose-colored
Height: 4 to 8 feet tall
Spread: 4 to 6 feet wide
Plant Type: Perennial, Deciduous shrub
10. Yarrow
Yarrow, scientifically known as Achillea millefolium, carries rich folklore and history. Its name is derived from a Greek word associated with the mythical hero Achilles, who supposedly used yarrow to treat his soldiers’ wounds.
Yarrow has also been referred to as “Nosebleed” due to its traditional use in stemming nosebleeds. The name “millefolium” signifies “thousand leaves” in Latin, alluding to the plant’s feathery, intricately divided foliage.
Common Yarrow is grown in many gardens for its attractive clusters of tiny, intensely colored flowers. Depending on the variety, these flowers can display shades of white, yellow, pink, or red. Yarrow flowers are borne in tight clusters atop hardy stems, with each cluster consisting of numerous individual blooms.
In addition to their visual appeal, most yarrow flowers emit a pleasant fragrance. Some varieties bloom in spring, while others continue to flower throughout summer and early fall. Alongside their ornamental value, Common Yarrow has been utilized for various medicinal purposes, including wound treatment, cold relief, and headache alleviation.
Common Name: Common Yarrow, Milfoil, Nosebleed, Thousand-leaf
Scientific Name: Achillea millefolium
Growing Zones: 3 – 9
Sun: Full sun
Soil: Sandy, loamy, clay, well-draining
Colors: White, yellow, pink, red
Height: 2 to 3 feet tall
Spread: 2 to 3 feet wide
Plant Type: Perennial
11. Butterfly Weed
Butterfly Weed, scientifically known as Asclepias tuberosa, is a bushy and visually striking plant that entices hummingbirds to your garden.
Also called Pleurisy Root, Butterfly Weed earned its alternative name due to its historical use by Native Americans to treat pleurisy and respiratory ailments. Despite being a member of the Milkweed family, it lacks the milky sap characteristic of other milkweed species.
If you’re aiming to attract butterflies, bees, and hummingbirds, planting Butterfly Weed is a must. Its vibrant, orange to yellow flowers bloom in clusters atop thick, hairy stems, contrasting beautifully with the bright green foliage.
The flowering period of Butterfly Weed extends from late spring to summer. While the flowers provide a visual feast, it is essential to remove seed pods if you wish to control their spread, as they can become invasive.
Butterfly Weed is relatively easy to grow, but it requires patience as it may take up to three years to bloom. Once established, it thrives in full sunlight and exhibits drought tolerance. However, planting it in a permanent location is recommended, as its tuberous roots prefer not to be disturbed.
Common Name: Butterfly Weed, Orange Milkweed, Pleurisy Root
Scientific Name: Asclepias tuberosa
Growing Zones: 3 – 9
Sun: Full sun
Soil: Poor, dry, well-draining soil
Colors: Orange, yellow, red
Height: 1 to 2 feet tall
Spread: 12 to 18 inches wide
Plant Type: Perennial
12. Hydrangea
Hydrangeas are known for their large and captivating flower heads, adding a touch of elegance to shady areas of your yard. These showy plants prefer a cooler environment, making shade, especially in the afternoon, an ideal growing condition.
Moist soil is key to maintaining Hydrangeas’ health. A generous watering once a week, particularly during dry conditions, is necessary. Pruning can be done after the flowers have withered in the winter.
Hydrangea flowers grace your garden from spring to late fall, providing ongoing visual interest even in winter.
Common Name: Hydrangea
Scientific Name: Hydrangea
Growing Zones: 3 – 9
Sun: Full sun to shade
Soil: Fertile, well-draining
Colors: Pink, red, white, blue, green
Height: 3 to 15 feet
Spread: 2 to 12 feet
Plant Type: Perennial
13. Veronica
Veronica encompasses approximately 500 species of flowering plants, making it the largest genus within the family Plantaginaceae. These herbaceous annuals or perennials are native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
Veronica plants come in various forms, with low-growing varieties ideal for ground covers and early spring bloomers. Taller species exhibit upright, vertical flower spikes and typically blossom during summer.
Among the numerous Veronica varieties, Veronica spicata is particularly popular. This species features colorful spikes of flowers in shades of white, pink, purple, and blue. The tiny flowers, usually clumped together, capture the attention of hummingbirds, butterflies, and bees.
Veronicas are hardy plants that adapt well to different soil types. They are generally free from pest issues. Regular deadheading prolongs their flowering season, while full sunlight and periodic watering during the early growth stage ensure optimal performance. Selecting a variety suited to the local climate and soil conditions guarantees their longevity.
Common Name: Veronica, Speedwell
Scientific Name: Genus Veronica from the family Plantaginaceae
Growing Zones: 3 – 11
Sun: Full sun, partial shade
Soil: Well-drained
Colors: White, pink, purple, blue
Height: 6 inches to 3 feet tall
Spread: 6 inches to 2 feet wide
Plant Type: Perennial
14. Bleeding Heart
Bleeding Heart, scientifically known as Dicentra spectabilis, is a perennial plant admired for its delicate and heart-shaped flowers. This low-maintenance beauty thrives in full sun or partial shade.
The graceful arching stems and charming flowers make Bleeding Heart a fantastic addition to shaded corners and hanging baskets. While excessive heat or too much sunlight can cause the foliage to wither, the plant’s roots remain intact, allowing it to regrow the following year. Adequate watering during the growing season, maintaining moist but not waterlogged soil, ensures healthy growth.
Bleeding Heart goes dormant in the fall, at which point it can be cut back once the foliage starts to yellow. With proper care, it will regenerate and flourish.
Common Name: Bleeding Heart
Scientific Name: Dicentra spectabilis
Growing Zones: 3 – 9
Sun: Partial shade
Soil: Moist, well-draining
Colors: Pink, white
Height: 2 to 3 feet tall
Spread: 1.5 to 3 feet wide
Plant Type: Perennial
15. Lavender
Lavender, a beloved herb, is famous for its fragrant flowers and aromatic foliage. This drought-tolerant perennial thrives in full sun and well-drained soil, making it an excellent addition to rock gardens and sunny borders.
The lavender plant boasts narrow, gray-green leaves and spikes of small, fragrant flowers that bloom in various shades of purple, blue, pink, and white, depending on the variety. Bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds are attracted to its delightful scent and nectar-rich blossoms.
Regular pruning, particularly after the flowering period, helps maintain the plant’s shape and promotes healthy growth. Harvesting the flowers allows you to enjoy lavender’s soothing fragrance and use it in potpourri, sachets, culinary recipes, and natural skincare products.
Common Name: Lavender
Scientific Name: Lavandula
Growing Zones: 5 – 9
Sun: Full sun
Soil: Well-draining
Colors: Purple, blue, pink, white
Height: 1 to 3 feet tall
Spread: 1 to 3 feet wide
Plant Type: Perennial, Herb
16. Salvia
Salvia, commonly known as Sage, encompasses a large group of herbaceous plants and shrubs. The genus Salvia includes over 900 species, offering a wide array of options for different garden settings.
Salvias are highly attractive to pollinators, including hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies, due to their nectar-rich flowers. The flowers are tubular and can be found in shades of blue, purple, red, pink, white, and yellow, depending on the species.
The plants’ aromatic foliage, often gray-green in color, adds visual interest even when the flowers are not in bloom. Salvias prefer full sun and well-drained soil. They are generally drought-tolerant and low-maintenance once established.
Regular deadheading of spent flowers encourages prolonged blooming, and pruning in early spring helps maintain the plant’s shape. With their beautiful blooms and attractive foliage, Salvias are excellent choices for borders, containers, and pollinator gardens.
Common Name: Salvia, Sage
Scientific Name: Salvia
Growing Zones: Varies by species (typically 4 – 9)
Sun: Full sun
Soil: Well-draining
Colors: Blue, purple, red, pink, white, yellow
Height: Varies by species (typically 1 to 3 feet)
Spread: Varies by species
Plant Type: Perennial, Annual, Shrub
17. Black-eyed Susan
Black-eyed Susan, scientifically known as Rudbeckia hirta, is a popular and vibrant perennial flower native to North America. It is widely recognized for its sunny yellow or orange petals surrounding a dark brown, cone-shaped center.
This cheerful flower attracts butterflies and bees, adding life and movement to your garden. Black-eyed Susans are excellent choices for borders, wildflower meadows, and cottage gardens.
Thriving in full sun and well-drained soil, Black-eyed Susans are known for their resilience and ability to withstand heat and drought conditions. They bloom from summer to fall, providing a burst of color during the late season. Deadheading spent flowers promotes continuous blooming and prevents self-seeding, although some gardeners may appreciate the self-sowing nature of this plant.
Common Name: Black-eyed Susan, Gloriosa Daisy, Brown-eyed Susan
Scientific Name: Rudbeckia hirta
Growing Zones: 3 – 9
Sun: Full sun
Soil: Well-draining
Colors: Yellow, orange, brown
Height: 1 to 3 feet tall
Spread: 1 to 2 feet wide
Plant Type: Perennial
18. Blanket Flower
Blanket Flower, scientifically known as Gaillardia, is a cheerful and drought-tolerant perennial plant that thrives in sunny locations. Its name derives from the colorful, daisy-like flowers that resemble vibrant blankets.
Blanket Flowers feature large, daisy-like blossoms with red or yellow petals and a distinct central disk in shades of brown or black. The flowers attract butterflies and bees, making them a valuable addition to pollinator gardens.
This low-maintenance plant exhibits excellent heat and drought tolerance once established. Blanket Flowers bloom from late spring to early fall, providing a long-lasting display of color. Deadheading spent flowers promotes continuous blooming and prevents self-seeding.
Common Name: Blanket Flower
Scientific Name: Gaillardia
Growing Zones: 3 – 10
Sun: Full sun
Soil: Well-draining
Colors: Red, yellow, orange
Height: 1 to 3 feet tall
Spread: 1 to 2 feet wide
Plant Type: Perennial
19. Delphinium
Delphinium, also known as Larkspur, is a stunning perennial plant that adds vertical interest and vibrant color to gardens. The tall flower spikes adorned with numerous individual flowers make Delphiniums a focal point in any landscape.
Delphinium flowers come in a wide range of colors, including blue, purple, pink, white, and occasionally yellow. The flowers are attractive to hummingbirds, butterflies, and bees, adding liveliness to the garden.
These elegant plants prefer full sun or partial shade and well-drained soil. Regular watering is essential, particularly during dry periods, to maintain healthy growth. Supporting the tall flower stalks with stakes prevents them from bending or breaking in strong winds.
Delphiniums are often treated as annuals or short-lived perennials, as they may decline after a few years. However, with proper care and division every few years, they can continue to grace your garden with their beauty.
Common Name: Delphinium, Larkspur
Scientific Name: Delphinium
Growing Zones: 3 – 9
Sun: Full sun to partial shade
Soil: Well-draining
Colors: Blue, purple, pink, white, yellow
Height: 2 to 6 feet tall
Spread: 1 to 3 feet wide
Plant Type: Perennial
20. Bee Balm
Bee Balm, scientifically known as Monarda, is a perennial herbaceous plant that attracts bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds with its nectar-rich flowers. Native to North America, Bee Balm is cherished for its vibrant blooms and aromatic foliage.
The flowers of Bee Balm come in various shades of red, pink, purple, and white, depending on the variety. They are borne in dense, rounded clusters atop sturdy stems. The plant’s distinctive fragrance and attractive flowers make it a valuable addition to herb gardens, perennial borders, and pollinator gardens.
Bee Balm thrives in full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It is susceptible to powdery mildew, so providing good air circulation and avoiding overhead watering can help prevent this fungal disease. Deadheading spent flowers encourages prolonged blooming and prevents self-seeding.
Common Name: Bee Balm, Bergamot, Oswego Tea
Scientific Name: Monarda
Growing Zones: 3 – 9
Sun: Full sun to partial shade
Soil: Well-draining
Colors: Red, pink, purple, white
Height: 2 to 4 feet tall
Spread: 1 to 3 feet wide
Plant Type: Perennial