Discover Colorado’s remarkable array of warbler species through this comprehensive guide. Unveiling their identities with vivid imagery, audio recordings of their melodious songs, intriguing tidbits, and more, this manual equips you to recognize and appreciate these vibrant avian creatures.
Warblers, delightful migratory songbirds, traverse vast distances from the depths of South America to breeding grounds as remote as Canada. These active and resplendent birds journey between their wintering and breeding habitats in a dazzling display of yellow and green, accompanied by a marvelous symphony of diverse melodies.
Native to North America, wood-warblers, as they are commonly known, predominantly inhabit woodland and forested areas. Engaging in the thrilling pursuit of spotting them, you may even experience the discomfort of “warbler neck” – a tingling and stiff neck resulting from prolonged gazes into the treetops with binoculars.
Primarily insectivorous, warblers frequently visit backyard feeders in search of seeds or mealworms. Expand your knowledge of Colorado’s avian visitors by exploring the other bird species that grace its landscapes and obtain a complimentary identification chart.
Immerse yourself in this guide, which not only helps you identify the regularly occurring warbler species in Colorado but also offers authentic information about their seasonal presence based on data collected from birdwatchers through platforms like Avibase and eBird.
Summer in Colorado introduces you to an enchanting ensemble of warblers, including the Yellow Warbler, Common Yellowthroat, Yellow-breasted Chat, MacGillivray’s Warbler, Virginia’s Warbler, Black-throated Gray Warbler, Grace’s Warbler, Hooded Warbler, and Golden-winged Warbler. Migration seasons welcome Yellow-rumped Warbler, Wilson’s Warbler, Orange-crowned Warbler, Townsend’s Warbler, American Redstart, Northern Waterthrush, Ovenbird, Northern Parula, Black-and-white Warbler, Nashville Warbler, Blackpoll Warbler, Chestnut-sided Warbler, Palm Warbler, Tennessee Warbler, Magnolia Warbler, Black-throated Blue Warbler, Blue-winged Warbler, Prothonotary Warbler, Black-throated Green Warbler, and Worm-eating Warbler to Colorado’s vibrant tapestry.
A staggering total of 29 warbler species grace Colorado’s landscapes:
1. Yellow-rumped Warbler
During the breeding season, Yellow-rumped Warblers make occasional appearances in Colorado, but their numbers surge during migration, occurring from April to May and September to October. They feature on 20% of summer checklists and up to 53% of migration checklists.
With gray plumage embellished by flashes of yellow on their face, sides, and rump, as well as white wings, these warblers captivate observers. Females may display a touch of brown, while winter birds assume a paler brown hue with vibrant yellow rumps and sides, transitioning to yellow and gray once spring arrives.
The Yellow-rumped Warbler boasts two subspecies: the Myrtle Warbler, found in the eastern United States and boreal forests of Canada, distinguished by its lack of a yellow throat, and the Audubon’s Warbler, native to the western region, which exhibits more extensive white wing markings.
Setophaga coronata
Length: 4.7-5.5 in (12-14 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (12-13 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-9.1 in (19-23 cm)
Yellow-rumped Warblers breed primarily in Canada, the Rockies, and the Appalachian mountains. Their migration journey takes them through the Midwest before settling in southern and southwestern states of the US, along the Pacific Coast, and extending into Mexico and Central America.
These warblers favor coniferous forests during summer, shifting to open areas with fruiting shrubs for winter sustenance. In the warmer months, their diet predominantly comprises insects, while fruits, such as bayberry and wax myrtle, take precedence during migration and winter.
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC602699. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/602699.
Yellow-rumped Warblers fashion nests from twigs, pine needles, grass, and soft materials like moss and hair. The females lay up to six eggs, which incubate for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional two weeks until the young birds fledge.
Attract these delightful visitors to your backyard by offering sunflower seeds, suet, raisins, and peanut butter.
Fun Fact: In winter, Yellow-rumped Warblers assemble in flocks, sometimes numbering in the thousands. Beware, as their aggressive nature surfaces when other species intrude upon their territory.
2. Yellow Warbler
Yellow Warblers grace Colorado during the breeding season, primarily from May to September, appearing on around 24% of summer checklists submitted by avid birdwatchers in the state.
Radiating vibrant hues, these small, bright yellow birds flaunt a yellow-green back. Males exhibit chestnut streaks on their breast, while females and juveniles display more subdued tones, lacking the distinctive streaking.
Setophaga petechia
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.3-7.9 in (16-20 cm)
Yellow Warblers embark on an extensive migration, breeding in Canada and the United States (excluding the southeastern states), and wintering in Central and South America. However, sightings during migration occur in the southeastern United States.
These captivating birds inhabit streams, wetlands, and thickets, favoring field edges as they scour the environment for insects like caterpillars, midges, beetles, bugs, and wasps.
Credit: Richard E. Webster, XC662546. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/662546.
Yellow Warblers construct their nests in small trees or shrubs using bark, grass, and plant material intricately woven together and secured with spider webs. Soft materials like hair, feathers, and plant down line the nest. They lay up to seven eggs, which hatch in approximately twelve days, followed by an additional ten days until the young birds leave the nest.
Entice Yellow Warblers to visit your backyard with suet, oranges, peanut butter, and plants boasting enticing berries. Additionally, create a haven by cultivating native plants that attract insects without the use of pesticides or excessive tidiness. Consider incorporating birdbaths with fountains amidst secluded greenery to provide protection.
Fun Fact: Cowbirds frequently exploit Yellow Warblers’ nests by laying their eggs within them. However, when the Yellow Warblers detect these intrusions, they construct new nests on top of the old ones, exhibiting this behavior up to six times!
3. Wilson’s Warbler
While Wilson’s Warblers spend the breeding season in Colorado, they are predominantly observed during the fall migration. Sightings occur from May to October, with September serving as the peak month. These warblers feature on 3% of summer checklists and up to 31% of checklists during fall migration.
With their petite stature and vibrant yellow plumage, Wilson’s Warblers captivate observers. Males sport a sizable black cap, while females don a smaller version of this distinctive feature.
Cardellina pusilla
Length: 3.9-4.7 in (10-12 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.3 oz (5-10 g)
Wingspan: 5.5-6.7 in (14-17 cm)
Wilson’s Warblers breed in Canada, Alaska, and northwestern US states, with their migration routes encompassing the entire United States except the northeastern region. During winter, they seek refuge in Mexico and Central America.
These delightful warblers thrive near streams, thickets, and forest edges, foraging on insects, their larvae, and spiders.
Credit: Thomas G. Graves, XC561438. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/561438.
Nests of Wilson’s Warblers remain concealed on the ground near trees or shrubs. They are meticulously crafted from leaves, sedges, grass, moss, and plant material, creating a cup-shaped structure. The nest is then lined with soft grass and animal hair. Females lay approximately five eggs, which incubate for around eleven days, followed by another ten days until the young birds venture beyond the nest.
To beckon Wilson’s Warblers to your backyard, ensure the presence of native trees and shrubs, although they do not frequent feeders.
Fun Fact: Wilson’s Warblers employ a clever distraction technique to protect their nests from potential predators. They simulate a broken wing, diverting attention away from the nest before soaring away to safety.
4. Common Yellowthroat
Common Yellowthroats grace Colorado during the breeding season, delighting observers from May to September. These charismatic birds appear on 7% of summer checklists.
Recognizable by their small size, brownish backs, and vibrant yellow underparts, Common Yellowthroats sport long tails. Males boast black masks that adorn their faces, while the brightness of their yellow plumage can exhibit geographical variations, sometimes assuming an olive hue underneath.
Geothlypis trichas
Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.3 oz (9-10 g)
Wingspan: 5.9-7.5 in (15-19 cm)
Common Yellowthroats breed across most of North America, excluding Alaska and northern Canada. Certain individuals remain year-round along the Gulf Coast and Pacific Southwest, while others embark on winter migrations.
These captivating birds favor marshy areas, wetlands, and brushy fields, thriving amidst dense, tangled vegetation.
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC629250. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/629250.
Common Yellowthroats construct nests near the ground in marshy regions, skillfully supported by reeds. Their nests consist of grass, sedges, and plant material meticulously woven into a cup shape, fortified with a foundation of leaves and grass. Up to six eggs are laid, with an incubation period of approximately twelve days, followed by ten days until the young birds fledge.
Invite Common Yellowthroats to your expansive backyard by cultivating dense vegetation and native plants that attract insects.
Fun Fact: The black mask adorning Common Yellowthroats serves as a visual cue to courting males, triggering aggressive behavior toward intruders. Interestingly, these birds remain indifferent to artificial decoys lacking the distinctive mask feature.
5. Orange-crowned Warbler
Orange-crowned Warblers make their presence known in Colorado during the breeding season, although they are more commonly observed during migration. They feature on 4% of summer checklists and up to 14% of checklists during migration.
Exhibiting a modest color palette, Orange-crowned Warblers display yellow-olive plumage, occasionally tinged with more vibrant yellow tones along the Pacific Coast. Their orange crown, though rarely visible, adds a touch of intrigue. Notably, males and females boast similar appearances, while juveniles sport grayer plumage.
Leiothlypis celata
Length: 4.3-5.5 in (11-14 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (7-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5 in (19 cm)
Breeding in Canada and western US states, Orange-crowned Warblers embark on migration routes encompassing the Pacific Coast, East and Gulf Coasts, and Mexico. While they grace the entirety of the United States during migration, they avoid the northeastern region.
Shrubs and low-lying vegetation serve as favored habitats for Orange-crowned Warblers. They breed in open woodlands and thrive amidst pinyon-juniper brushlands, pine and oak woodlands, and vegetation-rich areas near streams. Their diet primarily consists of spiders and insects, including caterpillars and flies. Furthermore, they display a penchant for fruits, berries, and seeds, making regular visits to backyard feeders.
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC671865. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/671865.
Nests of Orange-crowned Warblers are strategically positioned near or on the ground, utilizing dead leaves, twigs, stems, soft grass, and animal hair. The female lays up to six eggs.
To entice Orange-crowned Warblers to your yard, offer suet, peanut butter, or hummingbird feeders filled with sugar water nectar.
Fun Fact: Orange-crowned Warblers demonstrate a unique behavior of drinking from the sapwells created by sapsuckers and woodpeckers.
6. Yellow-breasted Chat
Yellow-breasted Chats emerge in Colorado during the breeding season, enchanting observers from April to September. These captivating birds grace 6% of summer checklists, commencing their migratory journey in September.
Yellow-breasted Chats feature bright yellow breasts and striking long tails. Olive-gray hues envelop their backs, while their heads exhibit gray tones, embellished with white markings around the eyes and chin. Their lower bellies shimmer with white accents.
Icteria virens
Length: 7.1 in (18 cm)
Weight: 0.8-1.1 oz (23-31 g)
Wingspan: 9.8 in (25 cm)
These captivating birds breed across most US states, extending slightly into southern Canada. For the winter, they venture south to Central America and coastal regions of Mexico.
Blackberry bushes, fields, and forest edges serve as favorite haunts for Yellow-breasted Chats as they feed on spiders, insects, and berries.
Credit: Peter Ward and Ken Hall, XC512276. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/512276.
Nests of Yellow-breasted Chats remain hidden within shrubs, constructed from grass, leaves, and plant material intricately woven into a cup structure. These nests frequently become targets for Brown-headed Cowbirds, who lay their eggs within them. Yellow-breasted Chats lay up to six eggs, which incubate for approximately eleven days, with another ten days elapsing until the young birds depart the nest.
Fun Fact: Male Yellow-breasted Chats engage in grappling bouts with their feet, while their dramatic flight displays involve singing and descending towards the ground before producing a resounding thump with their wings.
7. MacGillivray’s Warbler
Colorado witnesses the presence of MacGillivray’s Warblers during the summer, from April to October, as they grace 3% of summer checklists.
These small yet robust warblers don black-and-white streaked plumage. Males possess slate gray heads, accentuated by black bands across their eyes and dark gray spots transitioning into black from beneath the bill to the throat. In contrast, females showcase a light-gray head and throat devoid of black markings. Olive-gray hues envelop their backs, while their bellies radiate yellow brilliance.
Geothlypis tolmiei
Length: 5.25 inches (13 cm)
Weight: 0.4 oz (11 g)
Wingspan: 8.25 inches (21 cm)
MacGillivray’s Warblers breed primarily in northwestern US states and western Canada before embarking on their winter sojourn to Mexico and Central America.
Thickets, areas with dense shrubbery, and forests provide ideal habitats for MacGillivray’s Warblers. They display a fondness for shady thickets near streams, logged forests adorned with fallen trees, and areas that have experienced burns, featuring the presence of dead trees.
Credit: Bobby Wilcox, XC667171. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/667171.
For sustenance, MacGillivray’s Warblers scour the environment, hopping or flying low among branches, in search of beetles, caterpillars, and flies.
Nests of MacGillivray’s Warblers remain concealed within thick shrubs, positioned approximately one to five feet above the ground. They meticulously construct their nests using weed stems, bark, and dry grass, lining them with feathers and animal hair. The female lays around three to five eggs, which she incubates alone for approximately eleven days.
Fun Fact: The nomenclature of MacGillivray’s Warblers originated from a compromise between two renowned ornithologists. Dr. W. MacGillivray, a friend of John James Audubon, inspired the name. However, Dr. W. T. Tolmie had already designated the species as “Tolmie’s Warbler” in honor of Dr. W. T. Tolmie. Thus, the scientific name “tolmiei” emerged as a harmonious resolution.
8. Virginia’s Warbler
Virginia’s Warblers find respite in Colorado during the breeding season, featuring on 3% of summer checklists. They predominantly make their presence known from April to mid-October.
Despite their unassuming size, Virginia’s Warblers boast remarkable colors. Both males and females exhibit gray heads, backs, and bellies, adorned with a reddish patch on the crown.
Leiothlypis virginiae
Length: 4.5-4.75 inches (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3 oz (9 g)
Wingspan: 7.25-7.75 inches (18-20 cm)
These captivating warblers inhabit southwestern US states and derive their name not from the state of Virginia but from Virginia Anderson, the individual credited with their discovery.
Virginia’s Warblers favor pinyon-juniper brushlands, pine and oak woodlands, and woodlands adjacent to streams. During winter, they seek refuge amidst dry scrub.
Observing their foraging behavior, Virginia’s Warblers hop from branch to branch, predominantly at mid-level, as they seek out insects like beetles and caterpillars.
Credit: Ned Bohman, XC658017. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/658017.
Nests of Virginia’s Warblers are meticulously hidden at the bottom of shrubs or trees, concealed among dead leaves. Constructed from coarse grass, bark strips, roots, and moss, the nests are lined with softer materials like feathers and animal hair. The female lays approximately three to five eggs, which she incubates independently for about eleven days.
Fun Fact: Virginia’s Warblers are known for their distinctive tail-wagging behavior, frequently observed while perched on branches of pine and oak trees.
9. Townsend’s Warbler
During the fall migration from August to November, Townsend’s Warblers grace Colorado, appearing on up to 5% of checklists. Their vibrant presence captivates birdwatchers during this period.
Townsend’s Warblers display striking black and yellow plumage. Males command attention with their black crowns, cheeks, and throats, accentuated by yellow eyebrows and a crescent-shaped yellow patch beneath the eye. Their bellies shimmer with a coat of white.
Townsend’s Warblers, while sporting eye-catching black-and-yellow plumage, exhibit two white wingbars on their black wings. Females share a similar pattern, although they lack the distinctive black throat seen in males. Juveniles, on the other hand, possess lighter-colored plumage. Their olive-green backs, crowns, and cheeks lack the black throat found in adult males, but they do showcase light-colored chest streaks.
Setophaga townsendi
Length: 4.75-5 inches (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3 oz (9 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8 inches (19-20 cm)
Townsend’s Warblers breed in western Canada, northwestern US states, and Alaska before embarking on their migratory journey to Mexico, Central America, and the Pacific Coast.
These delightful warblers find solace in tall and dense coniferous forests along the coastal belt and mountainous regions. They thrive in areas abundant with pine, oak, alder, madrone, and laurel trees.
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC710935. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/710935.
Townsend’s Warblers exhibit versatile foraging habits, searching among twigs and branches for a variety of insects, including caterpillars, bugs, beetles, and leafhoppers. They are also known to hover among foliage to procure their meals. During winter, they have been observed feeding on the sugary excretions of scale insects, often establishing and defending territories around these insect colonies.
Nests of Townsend’s Warblers occupy lofty positions within trees, often perched atop branches. Constructed from grass, leaves, moss, and bark, these nests are skillfully woven into a sturdy cup structure. They lay up to five eggs.
To attract Townsend’s Warblers to your backyard during winter, provide a generous supply of mealworms, peanut butter, and suet. These vibrant warblers may visit backyard feeders during particularly cold temperatures.
Fun Fact: Townsend’s Warblers derive their name from the renowned American ornithologist John Kirk Townsend.
10. Black-throated Gray Warbler
Black-throated Gray Warblers grace Colorado during the breeding season, captivating observers from April to September. These enchanting birds feature on 1% of summer checklists, leaving a lasting impression.
Black-throated Gray Warblers exhibit striking black-and-white streaked plumage, with a distinguished gray back and a yellow spot in front of their eyes. Male individuals showcase more extensive black throats compared to their female counterparts.
Setophaga nigrescens
Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.3 oz (7-10 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-7.8 inches (19-19.7 cm)
Breeding primarily in western and south-central US states, as well as the coastal regions of British Columbia, Black-throated Gray Warblers embark on a migratory journey to Mexico during winter.
These delightful warblers find solace in woodlands and shrubs, foraging among trees and shrubs for their preferred insects.
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC648117. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/648117.
Nests of Black-throated Gray Warblers remain concealed within trees, crafted by females using a combination of bark, grass, and moss. They lay up to five eggs.
Fun Fact: Despite their conspicuous presence, little is known about the behaviors and characteristics of Black-throated Gray Warblers due to limited research and observations.
11. Grace’s Warbler
Grace’s Warblers make their appearance in Colorado during the breeding season, enchanting observers from May to September. They are recorded on approximately 2% of summer checklists.
These delightful warblers exhibit a striking combination of yellow and gray plumage. Males showcase a yellow face, throat, and underparts, contrasting beautifully with their gray upperparts. Females, on the other hand, exhibit a duller version of the male’s plumage.
Setophaga graciae
Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8 inches (19-20 cm)
Grace’s Warblers breed primarily in southwestern US states, including parts of Colorado, and extend their range into Mexico.
These captivating warblers inhabit pine-oak woodlands and can be found foraging among the branches and foliage for insects, including caterpillars, beetles, and spiders.
Credit: Daniel Parker, XC442694. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/442694.
Nests of Grace’s Warblers are typically constructed in conifer trees, using grass, bark, and plant materials intricately woven together. They lay around four to five eggs, which are incubated for about two weeks until they hatch. The young birds remain in the nest for another two weeks before venturing out.
Attracting Grace’s Warblers to your backyard can be achieved by providing a habitat rich in coniferous trees and offering a variety of insects for their foraging needs.
Fun Fact: Grace’s Warblers are named after Grace Darling, the daughter of a Scottish lighthouse keeper, who gained fame for participating in a daring sea rescue in the 19th century.
12. Hooded Warbler
Hooded Warblers grace Colorado during the breeding season, captivating observers from May to September. They are recorded on approximately 1% of summer checklists.
These vibrant warblers exhibit distinctive black hoods and bright yellow faces and underparts. Males feature a striking black hood that extends down to the throat, while females showcase a duller olive-green hood.
Setophaga citrina
Length: 4.5 inches (11 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8 inches (19-20 cm)
Hooded Warblers breed in the eastern and southeastern regions of the United States, including parts of Colorado, before embarking on their migration to Central America for the winter.
These delightful warblers prefer moist habitats, such as swamps, wet woods, and streamside areas, where they forage for insects, spiders, and small invertebrates.
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC559888. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/559888.
Nests of Hooded Warblers are built close to the ground, typically hidden in thickets or dense vegetation. Constructed by the female using grass, leaves, and plant fibers, the nest is lined with finer materials such as hair and feathers. They lay a clutch of around four eggs, which are incubated for approximately two weeks until they hatch. The young birds remain in the nest for another nine to ten days before they fledge.
To attract Hooded Warblers to your backyard, create a suitable habitat with dense vegetation and provide a water source. They are insectivorous birds, so ensuring a healthy insect population will also help attract them.
Fun Fact: Hooded Warblers are known for their unique feeding behavior called “gleaning,” where they carefully inspect leaves and branches for hidden insects and prey.
13. Golden-winged Warbler
Golden-winged Warblers grace Colorado during the breeding season, captivating observers from May to September. They are recorded on approximately 2% of summer checklists.
These enchanting warblers exhibit a striking combination of blue-gray upperparts and bright yellow underparts. Males feature a golden-yellow crown and distinctive golden wing bars, while females showcase a duller version of the male’s plumage.
Vermivora chrysoptera
Length: 4.5 inches (11 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-11 g)
Wingspan: 7-8 inches (18-20 cm)
Golden-winged Warblers breed in the northeastern and north-central regions of the United States, including parts of Colorado, before embarking on their migration to Central America for the winter.
These delightful warblers inhabit early successional habitats, including shrubby areas, young forests, and regenerating clearings. They forage primarily on insects, including caterpillars, beetles, and spiders.
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC584860. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/584860.
Nests of Golden-winged Warblers are typically built in shrubs or low vegetation, often concealed within dense thickets. Constructed by the female using twigs, leaves, and grass, the nest is lined with finer materials such as hair and feathers. They lay a clutch of around four to five eggs, which are incubated for approximately two weeks until they hatch. The young birds remain in the nest for another nine to ten days before they fledge.
To attract Golden-winged Warblers to your backyard, create suitable shrubby habitat and provide a diverse insect population. They are also known to visit hummingbird feeders.
Fun Fact: Golden-winged Warblers are known for their hybridization with Blue-winged Warblers, resulting in unique hybrid offspring with distinctive plumage patterns.
14. Worm-eating Warbler
Worm-eating Warblers grace Colorado during the breeding season, captivating observers from May to September. They are recorded on approximately 1% of summer checklists.
These charming warblers exhibit a predominantly olive-brown plumage with distinct black stripes on their head and back. They have a pale yellowish throat and underparts, with a subtle eye ring.
Helmitheros vermivorum
Length: 5 inches (13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8 inches (19-20 cm)
Worm-eating Warblers breed primarily in the southeastern and eastern regions of the United States, including parts of Colorado, before embarking on their migration to Central America for the winter.
These delightful warblers inhabit mature deciduous forests, especially those with a dense understory, where they forage primarily on insects, including caterpillars and beetles.
Credit: Benjamin Clock, XC349387. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/349387.
Nests of Worm-eating Warblers are typically built on the ground, concealed in leaf litter and vegetation. Constructed by the female using leaves, grass, and bark strips, the nest is lined with finer materials such as hair and feathers. They lay a clutch of around three to five eggs, which are incubated for approximately two weeks until they hatch. The young birds remain in the nest for another nine to ten days before they fledge.
To attract Worm-eating Warblers to your backyard, create suitable habitat with a dense understory and provide a healthy insect population.
15. American Redstart
American Redstarts grace Colorado during the breeding season, captivating observers from May to September. They are recorded on approximately 3% of summer checklists.
These striking warblers exhibit distinct black and orange plumage. Males showcase vibrant black feathers with orange patches on their wings, tail, and sides, creating a stunning contrast. Females, on the other hand, feature olive-gray upperparts and yellowish underparts with subtle orange accents.
Setophaga ruticilla
Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.4 oz (6-12 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 inches (19-22 cm)
American Redstarts breed across a broad range of North America, including parts of Colorado, before embarking on their migration to Central and South America for the winter.
These energetic warblers inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, woodlands, and wet areas near streams. They are known for their unique foraging behavior, actively flitting and hovering to catch insects, such as flies, beetles, and caterpillars, mid-air.
Credit: Stanislas Wroza, XC606163. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/606163.
Nests of American Redstarts are typically built in shrubs or small trees, positioned within 6-20 feet above the ground. Constructed by the female using plant fibers, grass, and bark, the nest is lined with finer materials such as hair and feathers. They lay a clutch of around three to five eggs, which are incubated for approximately two weeks until they hatch. The young birds remain in the nest for another eight to ten days before they fledge.
To attract American Redstarts to your backyard, provide a variety of native trees and shrubs, as well as a water source. These warblers are insectivorous and will be drawn to areas with a healthy insect population.
Fun Fact: American Redstarts are known for their unique tail-wagging behavior, flicking their tails open and closed while foraging, which may startle insects and make them easier to catch.
16. Northern Waterthrush
Northern Waterthrushes grace Colorado during the breeding season, captivating observers from May to September. They are recorded on approximately 1% of summer checklists.
These charming warblers have a predominantly brownish upper body with dark streaks, while their underparts are pale and streaked. They showcase a bold white eyebrow stripe and a pale yellow wash on their flanks.
Parkesia noveboracensis
Length: 5.1-5.5 inches (13-14 cm)
Weight: 0.5-0.7 oz (14-20 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-9.1 inches (20-23 cm)
Northern Waterthrushes breed across a wide range of North America, including parts of Colorado, before embarking on their migration to Central and South America for the winter.
These delightful warblers are commonly found near bodies of water, such as streams, wetlands, and swamps. They forage along the water’s edge, picking insects and small invertebrates from the ground, rocks, and vegetation.
Credit: Peter Boesman, XC653238. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/653238.
Nests of Northern Waterthrushes are typically built on the ground, concealed in vegetation near water sources. Constructed by the female using grass, leaves, and twigs, the nest is lined with finer materials such as rootlets and moss. They lay a clutch of around four to six eggs, which are incubated for approximately two weeks
until they hatch. The young birds remain in the nest for another eight to ten days before they fledge.
To attract Northern Waterthrushes to your backyard, provide a water feature or birdbath and create a suitable habitat near water sources. They are insectivorous birds and will appreciate areas with a rich insect population.
Fun Fact: Northern Waterthrushes have a distinctive habit of wagging their tails while foraging, similar to the behavior of their close relative, the American Redstart.
17. Ovenbird
Ovenbirds grace Colorado during the breeding season, captivating observers from May to September. They are recorded on approximately 2% of summer checklists.
These charismatic warblers exhibit a reddish-brown upper body with dark streaks and a white breast with bold black streaks forming a “necklace” pattern. They have a rounded head and a prominent white eye ring.
Seiurus aurocapilla
Length: 5.5 inches (14 cm)
Weight: 0.6-0.7 oz (18-20 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-9.1 inches (20-23 cm)
Ovenbirds breed across a broad range of eastern North America, including parts of Colorado, before embarking on their migration to Central and South America for the winter.
These delightful warblers inhabit the forest understory, particularly deciduous and mixed forests with dense leaf litter. They forage on the ground, scratching and rummaging through the leaf litter in search of insects, spiders, and other small invertebrates.
Credit: Jonathon Jongsma, XC645833. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/645833.
Nests of Ovenbirds are skillfully constructed on the ground, resembling a small oven or dome-shaped structure with a side entrance. They are made from leaves, grass, and other plant materials, forming a sturdy and well-concealed nest. They lay a clutch of around three to six eggs, which are incubated for approximately two weeks until they hatch. The young birds remain in the nest for another eight to ten days before they fledge.
To attract Ovenbirds to your backyard, create a habitat with a dense leaf litter, understory vegetation, and woody debris. Providing a water source, such as a birdbath, will also be appreciated.
Fun Fact: Ovenbirds are known for their distinct song, which resembles the phrase “teacher, teacher, teacher.” The song is often sung from within the dense understory of the forest.
18. Northern Parula
Northern Parulas grace Colorado during the breeding season, captivating observers from May to September. They are recorded on approximately 1% of summer checklists.
These charming warblers exhibit a striking combination of blue-gray upperparts and yellow underparts. Males feature a bluish-gray back, a distinctive greenish patch on their back neck, and a yellow throat and breast. Females showcase a duller version of the male’s plumage with less contrast.
Setophaga americana
Length: 4.3-4.7 inches (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.3 oz (6-8 g)
Wingspan: 6.7-7.5 inches (17-19 cm)
Northern Parulas breed across a broad range of eastern North America, including parts of Colorado, before embarking on their migration to Central and South America for the winter.
These delightful warblers inhabit a variety of forested habitats, including deciduous and mixed forests, as well as swampy areas and wetlands. They forage actively among foliage, gleaning insects from leaves and twigs, and even hovering to catch insects in mid-air.
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC526396. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/526396.
Nests of Northern Parulas are typically built high in trees, often in hanging moss or Spanish moss. Constructed by the female using plant fibers, bark, and other materials, the nest is a neat cup-shaped structure. They lay a clutch of around three to seven eggs, which are incubated for approximately two weeks until they hatch. The young birds remain in the nest for another eight to ten days before they fledge.
To attract Northern Parulas to your backyard, provide a mix of tall trees, shrubs, and wetland areas. They are insectivorous birds and will be drawn to areas with a diverse insect population.
Fun Fact: Northern Parulas are known for their distinctive buzzy trilling song, often described as a rising “zreee-up” sound. The song is frequently heard in their breeding territories during the spring and summer months.
19. Black-and-white Warbler
Black-and-white Warblers grace Colorado during the breeding season, captivating observers from May to September. They are recorded on approximately 2% of summer checklists.
These striking warblers exhibit a unique black-and-white striped pattern on their plumage. Their black wings and back are adorned with bold white stripes, and their underparts are predominantly white. They have a thin, pointed bill.
Mniotilta varia
Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-12 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 inches (19-22 cm)
Black-and-white Warblers breed across a broad range of North America, including parts of Colorado, before embarking on their migration to Central and South America for the winter.
These energetic warblers inhabit a variety of forested habitats, including deciduous and mixed forests. They forage by actively climbing along tree trunks and branches, probing crevices and bark for insects, spiders, and other small invertebrates.
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC556430. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/556430.
Nests of Black-and-white Warblers are typically built on the ground, concealed in leaf litter or tree cavities. Constructed by the female using leaves, moss, and grass, the nest is lined with finer materials such as hair and feathers. They lay a clutch of around four to six eggs, which are incubated for approximately two weeks until they hatch. The young
birds remain in the nest for another eight to ten days before they fledge.
To attract Black-and-white Warblers to your backyard, provide a mix of tall trees, shrubs, and a suitable habitat with leaf litter. They are insectivorous birds and will be drawn to areas with a diverse insect population.
Fun Fact: Black-and-white Warblers are the only member of the New World warbler family that behaves like a nuthatch, using its strong legs and feet to move vertically along tree trunks in a spiral pattern.
20. Nashville Warbler
Nashville Warblers grace Colorado during the breeding season, captivating observers from May to September. They are recorded on approximately 1% of summer checklists.
These delightful warblers exhibit a predominantly olive-green upper body with a yellow throat and breast. They have a distinct white eyering and a grayish crown. Males and females have similar plumage, but females may appear duller and have less contrast.
Leiothlypis ruficapilla
Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 inches (19-22 cm)
Nashville Warblers breed across a broad range of North America, including parts of Colorado, before embarking on their migration to Central and South America for the winter.
These delightful warblers inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, woodlands, and shrubby areas. They forage actively among foliage, gleaning insects from leaves and branches, and hovering to catch insects in mid-air.
Credit: Peter Boesman, XC370749. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/370749.
Nests of Nashville Warblers are typically built on or near the ground, concealed in dense vegetation or shrubs. Constructed by the female using grass, plant fibers, and moss, the nest is a cup-shaped structure. They lay a clutch of around four to five eggs, which are incubated for approximately two weeks until they hatch. The young birds remain in the nest for another eight to ten days before they fledge.
To attract Nashville Warblers to your backyard, provide a mix of trees, shrubs, and dense vegetation. They are insectivorous birds and will be drawn to areas with a diverse insect population.
Fun Fact: Nashville Warblers were named after Nashville, Tennessee, where the species was first described by Alexander Wilson, an early American ornithologist.
21. Blackpoll Warbler
Blackpoll Warblers grace Colorado during the migration period, captivating observers from April to May and August to September. They are recorded on approximately 2% of checklists during migration.
These charming warblers exhibit a striking contrast between their black-and-white plumage. They have black crowns and faces, white cheeks, and a white breast with black streaking. Their upperparts are predominantly black, while their underparts are white.
Setophaga striata
Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (11-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-8.7 inches (20-22 cm)
Blackpoll Warblers breed in northern North America, including parts of Canada, before embarking on long-distance migrations to Central and South America. They pass through Colorado during their spring and fall migrations.
These energetic warblers inhabit a variety of forested habitats, including coniferous and mixed forests. During migration, they can be found foraging for insects in shrubs and trees, fueling up for their long journey.
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC516777. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/516777.
Nests of Blackpoll Warblers are typically built high in trees, often near the end of branches. Constructed by the female using a variety of materials such as twigs, grass, and plant fibers, the nest is a cup-shaped structure. They lay a clutch of around three to seven eggs, which are incubated for approximately two weeks until they hatch. The young birds remain in the nest for another eight to ten days before they fledge.
Attracting Blackpoll Warblers to your backyard may be challenging as they primarily migrate through open woodlands and forested areas. Providing a variety of native trees and shrubs can create a welcoming habitat for them during their migration periods.
Fun Fact: Blackpoll Warblers undertake one of the most remarkable migrations of any songbird, flying non-stop for over 1,800 miles (2,900 kilometers) during their fall migration from northeastern North America to South America, including crossing the Atlantic Ocean.
22. Chestnut-sided Warbler
Chestnut-sided Warblers grace Colorado during the migration period, captivating observers from April to May and August to September. They are recorded on approximately 2% of checklists during migration.
These vibrant warblers exhibit a distinctive color pattern with a bright yellow crown and underparts, contrasting with white cheeks and a chestnut-colored patch on their sides. Their back and wings are primarily greenish.
Setophaga pensylvanica
Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 inches (19-22 cm)
Chestnut-sided Warblers breed in northeastern North America, including parts of Canada and the United States, before embarking on their long migrations to Central and South America. They pass through Colorado during their spring and fall migrations.
These energetic warblers inhabit a variety of habitats, including deciduous and mixed forests, shrubby areas, and edges of wetlands. They forage actively among foliage, gleaning insects from leaves and branches.
Credit: Jonathon Jongsma, XC353706. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/353706.
Nests of Chestnut-sided Warblers are typically built in shrubs or saplings, often close to the ground. Constructed by the female using a combination of materials such as twigs, grass, and plant fibers, the nest is a cup-shaped structure. They lay a clutch of around three to five eggs, which are incubated for approximately two weeks until they hatch. The young birds remain in the nest for another eight to ten days before they fledge.
To attract Chestnut-sided Warblers to your backyard during migration, provide a mix of trees, shrubs, and water sources. They are insectivorous birds and will be drawn to areas with a diverse insect population.
Fun Fact: The Chestnut-sided Warbler is known for its distinct song, which can be described as a series of musical notes that sound like “pleased, pleased, pleased to meet you.” This song is frequently heard in their breeding territories and during migration.
23. Palm Warbler
Palm Warblers grace Colorado during the migration period, captivating observers from April to May and August to September. They are recorded on approximately 3% of checklists during migration.
These charming warblers exhibit a unique color pattern with a brownish-olive upper body, a bright yellow undertail, and a distinctive rusty cap. They have a pale throat and breast with streaking.
Setophaga palmarum
Length: 4.7-5.5 inches (12-14 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 inches (19-22 cm)
Palm Warblers breed in northern North America, including parts of Canada, before embarking on their long migrations to the southeastern United States and the Caribbean. They pass through Colorado during their spring and fall migrations.
These active warblers inhabit a variety of habitats, including open woodlands, scrublands, and fields. They forage on the ground, constantly wagging their tails and hopping as they search for insects, spiders, and seeds.
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC205902. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/205902.
Nests of Palm Warblers are typically built on the ground, often in a grassy or mossy area. Constructed by the female using grass, leaves, and other plant materials, the nest is a cup-shaped structure. They lay a clutch of around four to five eggs, which are incubated for
approximately two weeks until they hatch. The young birds remain in the nest for another eight to ten days before they fledge.
Attracting Palm Warblers to your backyard during migration can be challenging, as they primarily forage on the ground and in open habitats. Providing a mix of native grasses, shrubs, and water sources can create a welcoming environment for them.
Fun Fact: Palm Warblers get their name not from their preference for palm trees but from their wintering habitat. They are commonly found in palm groves and other scrubby habitats in the southeastern United States and the Caribbean during the winter months.
24. Tennessee Warbler
Tennessee Warblers grace Colorado during the migration period, captivating observers from April to May and August to September. They are recorded on approximately 3% of checklists during migration.
These petite warblers exhibit a predominantly olive-green upper body with a pale yellow undertail and a gray head. They have a white eyering and a faint wingbar. Their underparts are generally pale yellow.
Leiothlypis peregrina
Length: 4.3-4.7 inches (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.3 oz (6-8 g)
Wingspan: 6.7-7.5 inches (17-19 cm)
Tennessee Warblers breed across a broad range of North America, including parts of Canada and the northeastern United States, before embarking on their long migrations to Central and South America. They pass through Colorado during their spring and fall migrations.
These active warblers inhabit a variety of habitats, including coniferous and mixed forests, as well as shrubby areas. They forage actively among foliage, gleaning insects from leaves and branches.
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC153764. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/153764.
Nests of Tennessee Warblers are typically built in trees, often near the end of branches. Constructed by the female using plant fibers, grass, and moss, the nest is a cup-shaped structure. They lay a clutch of around four to six eggs, which are incubated for approximately two weeks until they hatch. The young birds remain in the nest for another eight to ten days before they fledge.
To attract Tennessee Warblers to your backyard during migration, provide a mix of trees, shrubs, and water sources. They are insectivorous birds and will be drawn to areas with a diverse insect population.
Fun Fact: Despite its name, the Tennessee Warbler does not breed in Tennessee. It was named by Alexander Wilson, an early American ornithologist, who first observed the species during its migration through Tennessee.
25. Magnolia Warbler
Magnolia Warblers grace Colorado during the migration period, captivating observers from April to May and August to September. They are recorded on approximately 3% of checklists during migration.
These striking warblers exhibit a predominantly black upper body with bold white wingbars. They have a bright yellow throat, breast, and undertail. Their underparts are adorned with black streaking.
Setophaga magnolia
Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 inches (19-22 cm)
Magnolia Warblers breed across a broad range of North America, including parts of Canada and the northeastern United States, before embarking on their long migrations to Central and South America. They pass through Colorado during their spring and fall migrations.
These active warblers inhabit a variety of habitats, including coniferous and mixed forests, as well as shrubby areas. They forage actively among foliage, gleaning insects from leaves and branches.
Credit: Martin St-Michel, XC578381. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/578381.
Nests of Magnolia Warblers are typically built in trees, often near the end of branches. Constructed by the female using plant fibers, grass, and moss, the nest is a cup-shaped structure. They lay a clutch of around four to five eggs, which are incubated for approximately two weeks until they hatch. The young birds remain in the nest for another eight to ten days before they fledge.
Attracting Magnolia Warblers to your backyard during migration can be challenging, as they primarily forage among foliage. Providing a mix of native trees, shrubs, and water sources can create a welcoming habitat for them.
Fun Fact: The Magnolia Warbler was named not because it is found in magnolia trees but because it was first described by French ornithologist René-Primevère Lesson, who named it after the Magnolia Gardens in Charleston, South Carolina.
26. Black-throated Blue Warbler
Black-throated Blue Warblers grace Colorado during the migration period, captivating observers from April to May and August to September. They are recorded on approximately 4% of checklists during migration.
These striking warblers exhibit a distinctive color pattern with deep blue upperparts and a black throat and face. The female has more subdued colors, with bluish-gray upperparts and a lighter underbelly.
Setophaga caerulescens
Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (10-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 inches (19-22 cm)
Black-throated Blue Warblers breed in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada before embarking on their long migrations to the Caribbean and Central America. They pass through Colorado during their spring and fall migrations.
These active warblers inhabit a variety of habitats, including deciduous and mixed forests, as well as shrubby areas. They forage actively among foliage, gleaning insects from leaves and branches.
Credit: Jonathon Jongsma, XC351271. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/351271.
Nests of Black-throated Blue Warblers are typically built low in shrubs or small trees. Constructed by the female using plant fibers, grass, and bark, the nest is a cup-shaped structure. They lay a clutch of around three to four eggs, which are incubated for approximately two weeks until they hatch. The young birds remain in the nest for another eight to ten days before they fledge.
To attract Black-throated Blue Warblers to your backyard during migration, provide a mix of trees, shrubs, and water sources. They are insectivorous birds and will be drawn to areas with a diverse insect population.
Fun Fact: The male Black-throated Blue Warbler undergoes a dramatic transformation during the winter months. While breeding, it displays its vibrant blue plumage, but during the non-breeding season, it molts into a duller plumage, resembling the appearance of the female.
27. Blue-winged Warbler
Blue-winged Warblers grace Colorado during the migration period, captivating observers from April to May and August to September. They are recorded on approximately 2% of checklists during migration.
These attractive warblers display a vibrant yellow body with bluish-gray wings. They have a bold eye ring and a distinctive white patch on their wings.
Vermivora cyanoptera
Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (11-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 inches (19-22 cm)
Blue-winged Warblers breed across a broad range of eastern North America, including parts of the United States and southern Canada, before embarking on their long migrations to Central and South America. They pass through Colorado during their spring and fall migrations.
These active warblers inhabit a variety of habitats, including open woodlands, shrubby areas, and forest edges. They forage actively among foliage, seeking insects such as caterpillars, beetles, and spiders.
Credit: Dan Mullen, XC653077. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/653077.
Nests of Blue-winged Warblers are typically built close to the ground in shrubs or low vegetation. Constructed by the female using grass, bark strips, and other plant materials, the nest is a cup-shaped structure. They lay a clutch of around three to seven eggs, which are incubated for approximately two weeks until they hatch. The young birds remain in the nest for another eight to ten days before they fledge.
Attracting Blue-winged Warblers to your backyard during migration can be challenging, as they primarily forage among foliage. Providing a mix of native trees, shrubs, and water sources can create a welcoming habitat for them.
Fun Fact: The Blue-winged Warbler hybridizes with the Golden-winged Warbler, resulting in a hybrid species known as the Brewster’s Warbler and the Lawrence’s Warbler. These hybrids have unique plumage patterns and are of great interest to bird enthusiasts and researchers.
28. Prothonotary Warbler
Prothonotary Warblers grace Colorado during the migration period, captivating observers from April to May and August to September. They are recorded on approximately 1% of checklists during migration.
These striking warblers display a vivid golden-yellow body with blue-gray wings. They have a prominent white undertail and a relatively long, thin beak.
Protonotaria citrea
Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (11-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 inches (19-22 cm)
Prothonotary Warblers breed in the eastern United States and parts of Canada, primarily in swampy habitats with standing water and trees. They pass through Colorado during their spring and fall migrations.
These active warblers inhabit a variety of wetland habitats, including swamps, marshes, and riparian areas. They forage actively among foliage and vegetation, searching for insects such as beetles, caterpillars, and spiders.
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC265543. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/265543.
Nests of Prothonotary Warblers are typically built in tree cavities or nest boxes near water. Constructed by the female using moss, leaves, and bark, the nest is a cup-shaped structure. They lay a clutch of around four to seven eggs, which are incubated for approximately two weeks until they hatch. The young birds remain in the nest for another ten to twelve
days before they fledge.
To attract Prothonotary Warblers to your backyard during migration, provide nest boxes near water sources. They are insectivorous birds and will be drawn to areas with ample food and suitable nesting sites.
Fun Fact: The Prothonotary Warbler is named after the bright yellow robes worn by papal clerks, known as Prothonotaries, in the Roman Catholic Church. The bird’s vibrant yellow plumage reminded early observers of these distinctive robes.
29. Black-throated Green Warbler
Black-throated Green Warblers grace Colorado during the migration period, captivating observers from April to May and August to September. They are recorded on approximately 2% of checklists during migration.
These captivating warblers exhibit a predominantly olive-green upper body with a black throat and face. They have a yellow face and undertail, with a distinct white eye ring.
Setophaga virens
Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (11-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 inches (19-22 cm)
Black-throated Green Warblers breed in the northeastern United States and parts of Canada before embarking on their long migrations to the Caribbean and Central America. They pass through Colorado during their spring and fall migrations.
These active warblers inhabit a variety of habitats, including coniferous and mixed forests, as well as shrubby areas. They forage actively among foliage, gleaning insects from leaves and branches.
Credit: Richard E. Webster, XC662244. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/662244.
Nests of Black-throated Green Warblers are typically built in coniferous trees, often near the end of branches. Constructed by the female using plant fibers, grass, and bark, the nest is a cup-shaped structure. They lay a clutch of around three to five eggs, which are incubated for approximately two weeks until they hatch. The young birds remain in the nest for another eight to ten days before they fledge.
Attracting Black-throated Green Warblers to your backyard during migration can be challenging, as they primarily forage among foliage. Providing a mix of native trees, shrubs, and water sources can create a welcoming habitat for them.
Fun Fact: The Black-throated Green Warbler is known for its distinctive song, which is often described as a high-pitched “zoo-zee, zoo-zoo-zee.” This melodic song can be heard echoing through the forests during the breeding season.