Recognizing brown birds, also known as LBJ (little brown jobs), can be quite challenging due to their less distinctive characteristics compared to their more brightly-colored relatives.
However, this guide is here to help! It will assist you in distinguishing between a sparrow, a wren, or any other brown bird you may encounter. Additionally, you can learn which brown birds are present in Minnesota during various seasons of the year.
This guide will aid you in identifying the brown birds that frequent your backyard or are spotted in the forests and fields. These birds are ranked from the most commonly seen to the least, based on lists provided by bird enthusiasts on ebird for Minnesota.
Seasonal Distribution of Brown Birds in Minnesota Throughout the year, the following brown birds inhabit Minnesota: Northern Cardinal, House Sparrow, House Finch, Purple Finch, Brown Creeper, Carolina Wren
In the summer, you can spot these brown birds in Minnesota: American Robin, American Goldfinch, Song Sparrow, Mourning Dove, Chipping Sparrow, Common Yellowthroat, Northern Flicker, Brown-headed Cowbird, House Wren, Cedar Waxwing, Eastern Phoebe, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Great Crested Flycatcher, Swamp Sparrow, Field Sparrow, Brown Thrasher, Savannah Sparrow, Hermit Thrush, Marsh Wren, Eastern Towhee, Northern Waterthrush, Wood Thrush, Louisiana Waterthrush
During the winter, the brown birds of Minnesota include: American Tree Sparrow, Pine Siskin
During migration periods, these brown birds can be spotted in Minnesota: White-throated Sparrow, Swainson’s Thrush, White-crowned Sparrow, Winter Wren, Spotted Towhee
Rare or occasionally sighted species in Minnesota are: Golden-crowned Sparrow, Abert’s Towhee, Bewick’s Wren.
39 Brown Birds In Minnesota
1. American Robin
American Robins, frequent visitors to Minnesota, are typically observed from March through November, although a few choose to stay in the southern region of the state all year round. Remarkably, these birds appear in approximately 57% of summer birdwatching checklists and 8% of winter ones submitted for Minnesota.
These birds are often seen foraging for earthworms on grassy areas. They possess black heads and backs contrasted by red or orange chests. During winter, they usually roost in trees, making them more visible in backyard settings starting from spring.
Scientifically known as Turdus migratorius Measurements: Length ranges between 7.9-11.0 inches (20-28 cm) Weight: Approximately 2.7-3.0 ounces (77-85 g) Wingspan: Between 12.2-15.8 inches (31-40 cm)
American Robins are permanent inhabitants in the lower 48 states, the western Canadian coast, and Alaska. Those breeding in Canada and the interior regions of Alaska migrate southwards during the winter.
American Robins inhabit various landscapes, including woodlands, forests, mountains, fields, parks, and even lawns. Their diet consists of earthworms, insects, snails, and a variety of fruits.
To lure American Robins into your backyard, offer them sunflower seeds, suet and peanut hearts, fruits, and mealworms. You can place these on platform feeders or scatter them on the ground. Additionally, consider planting native berry-producing plants such as juniper, sumac, hawthorn, and dogwood.
2. American Goldfinch – Female
American Goldfinches are typically found breeding in the northwestern region of Minnesota, before migrating south. However, they can also be seen throughout the rest of the state year-round. They make an appearance in 43% of summer birdwatching records and 17% of winter records.
These charming birds are quite noticeable, especially in spring when the males display a striking combination of bright yellow and black. On the other hand, females exhibit a more subdued brown color, as do the males during winter.
Scientific name: Spinus tristis Dimensions: Length is between 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm) Weight: Roughly 0.4-0.7 ounces (11-20 g) Wingspan: Measures around 7.5-8.7 inches (19-22 cm)
American Goldfinches are prevalent in most parts of North America and usually stay in the same area throughout the year. However, those that breed in Canada and the Midwest migrate to the southern US states during winter.
These birds often inhabit weedy fields and overgrown areas where they feed on sunflowers, thistles, and aster plants. They are also commonly found in suburban areas, parks, and backyard gardens.
If you wish to attract American Goldfinches to your backyard, consider planting thistles and milkweed. These birds are known to frequent various bird feeders, with a preference for sunflower seeds and nyjer seeds.
3. Northern Cardinal – Female
Northern Cardinals, steadfast residents of Minnesota, remain in the state throughout the year. They do not participate in migratory activities, and are reported in 33% of summer and 23% of winter birdwatching checklists for the state.
Female Northern Cardinals, with their brown hues, prominent brown crest, splashes of red, and vibrant red beaks, are quite visually striking.
Yet, it’s the male Northern Cardinals that are truly eye-catching, with their brilliant red color, contrasting black facial mask, red crest, and matching beak, especially when viewed against a stark winter white backdrop.
Scientific name: Cardinalis cardinalis Measurements: Length varies between 8.3-9.1 inches (21-23 cm) Weight: Approximately 1.5-1.7 ounces (42-48 g) Wingspan: Ranges from 9.8-12.2 inches (25-31 cm)
Northern Cardinals inhabit the eastern half of the US and certain southern states extending as far west as Arizona.
Northern Cardinals can often be seen in areas of thick vegetation, where they forage for seeds, fruits, and insects. During the breeding season, they are known to aggressively defend their territories, sometimes even attacking their own reflections.
To draw Northern Cardinals to your backyard, fill feeders with sunflower seeds, peanut hearts, millet, and milo. They are comfortable feeding from large tube feeders, hoppers, platform feeders, or directly from food scattered on the ground.
4. Song Sparrow
Song Sparrows are commonly seen in Minnesota during the summer months from March to August, though some remain throughout the year in the southern part of the state. They are recorded in 42% of summer birdwatching checklists.
While the Song Sparrows may not have the most striking appearance compared to other backyard birds, their brown-streaked bodies are noticeable. Their nearly incessant singing during spring and summer serves to attract mates.
Scientifically known as Melospiza melodia Dimensions: Length varies from 4.7 to 6.7 inches (12-17 cm) Weight: Approximately 0.4 to 1.9 ounces (12-53 g) Wingspan: Between 7.1 to 9.4 inches (18-24 cm) Song Sparrows are year-round residents in the northern US states. Those that breed in Canada migrate to the southern US for the winter.
These birds are usually found in open, shrubby, and wet areas. They often perch on a low shrub and sing, and are frequently seen at backyard feeders.
Song Sparrows have a diverse diet, consuming a range of insects and plants, including beetles, caterpillars, midges, spiders, and earthworms, as well as buckwheat, sunflowers, raspberries, wild cherries, blackberries, wheat, and rice.
You can attract Song Sparrows to your backyard feeders by offering black oil sunflower seeds, cracked corn, and nyjer seeds on platform feeders.
Minnesota is home to a surprising number of sparrows. By learning their songs and some interesting facts about them, you can more easily identify these birds.
5. Mourning Dove
Mourning Doves can be found during the breeding season in northern Minnesota, while some reside year-round in the southern part of the state. They feature in 27% of summer birdwatching checklists and 6% of winter ones.
Characterized by their small heads, plump bodies, and extended tails, Mourning Doves exhibit a gentle brown hue with black spots adorning their wings. Males typically weigh slightly more than females.
Scientific name: Zenaida macroura Measurements: Length ranges from 9.1 to 13.4 inches (23-34 cm) Weight: Between 3.0 to 6.0 ounces (96-170 g) Wingspan: Approximately 17.7 inches (45 cm) Mourning Doves are prevalent across the lower 48 states throughout the year, though some may migrate from the northern Midwest and southern Canada after breeding.
You can often see Mourning Doves perched on telephone wires or searching for seeds on the ground in grasslands, fields, and backyard gardens. They are also found in open spaces and along woodland edges.
To attract Mourning Doves to your backyard, scatter millet on the ground or on platform feeders. They also enjoy black sunflower seeds, nyjer, cracked corn, and peanut hearts.
6. House Sparrow
House Sparrows, a species introduced to Minnesota, can be seen throughout the year. They do not migrate, and approximately 17% of both summer and winter birdwatching checklists for the state feature them.
House Sparrows are another non-native species that have successfully adapted and are now among the most prevalent birds. They are distinguishable by their gray and brown heads, white cheeks, black and brown backs, and gray bellies.
Scientific name: Passer domesticus Size: Length varies from 5.9 to 6.7 inches (15-17 cm) Weight: About 0.9 to 1.1 ounces (27-30 g) Wingspan: Ranges from 7.5 to 9.8 inches (19-25 cm) House Sparrows inhabit the US and southern Canada throughout the year. These birds are often found near homes and buildings, displaying a quite tame behavior; some may even feed from your hand.
Their diet primarily consists of grain, seeds, and leftover food. Despite being considered pests due to their non-native status, House Sparrows can be found in backyards even without providing them with food.
To attract House Sparrows to your backyard feeders, you can provide a variety of bird seeds, including millet, corn, and sunflower seeds.
7. House Finch – Female
House Finches, native to Minnesota, can be seen throughout the year. They are non-migratory and feature in 15% of summer birdwatching checklists and 12% of winter ones for the state.
Female House Finches have an all-over brown-streaked appearance, while males boast a red head and breast, with the remainder of their bodies predominantly brown-streaked.
Scientific name: Haemorhous mexicanus Size: Length ranges between 5.1 and 5.5 inches (13-14 cm) Weight: About 0.6 to 0.9 ounces (16-27 g) Wingspan: Varies from 7.9 to 9.8 inches (20-25 cm)
Initially confined to the western US states, House Finches were introduced to the eastern regions and have thrived, even displacing the Purple Finch.
You can spot them in various environments, such as parks, farms, forest fringes, and backyard feeders, where they form noisy groups that are hard to overlook.
To attract House Finches to your backyard feeders, offer black oil sunflower seeds or nyjer seeds in tube or platform feeders.
8. Chipping Sparrow
During their breeding season, Chipping Sparrows can be observed in Minnesota, making an appearance in about 29% of the summer checklists. Their primary visibility period extends from April through October.
Chipping Sparrows are slim, long-tailed birds characterized by their grayish underbellies and backs streaked with brown and black. They feature a rust-colored crown and a black line passing through their eyes. In winter, their colors tend to dull down a bit.
Scientific Name: Spizella passerina Size: Length is usually between 4.7 and 5.9 inches (12-15 cm) Weight: Approximately 0.4 to 0.6 ounces (11-16 g) Wingspan: Roughly 8.3 inches (21 cm)
Chipping Sparrows breed during the summer in the US and Canada, then head to Mexico and Florida for the winter. A few stay in the southern states all year round.
Chipping Sparrows can often be found in small groups on open ground and are known to visit backyards for various types of birdseed.
To invite Chipping Sparrows into your backyard, offer seeds or cracked corn on open feeders such as hoppers or platforms.
9. Common Yellowthroat
Common Yellowthroats are often observed in Minnesota during their breeding season, which typically runs from May through October. They feature in about 28% of the state’s summer bird-watching checklists.
Small songbirds, Common Yellowthroats boast a brownish back and a vivid yellow underside, complemented by long tails. Males are recognizable by the black masks that grace their faces. The intensity of their yellow hue can vary based on geographical location, with some appearing more olive-toned in certain areas.
Scientific Name: Geothlypis trichas Dimensions: Length ranges from 4.3 to 5.1 inches (11-13 cm) Weight: Roughly 0.3 to 0.3 ounces (9-10 g) Wingspan: Typically between 5.9 and 7.5 inches (15-19 cm)
Common Yellowthroats breed throughout most of North America during the summer, excluding Alaska and the northern parts of Canada. Some of them stay all year round along the Gulf Coast and the Pacific Southwest, while others migrate south for the winter.
These birds often inhabit marshy or wetland areas and brushy fields, preferring dense, tangled vegetation for their dwelling.
To attract Common Yellowthroats to spacious backyards, consider cultivating dense vegetation and planting native species to draw insects, their primary food source.
Common Yellowthroats belong to the warbler family, many species of which can be found in Minnesota. These birds are known for their captivating songs that are a delight to listen to and learn.
10. Northern Flicker
Northern Flickers, a type of large brown woodpecker, can be seen throughout the year in the southern parts of Minnesota. However, they are more frequently observed during the breeding season in the state’s northern regions. They feature in 13% of summer bird-watching lists and just 2% of winter ones.
Northern Flickers are characterized by their black spots and a distinct white patch on their rump that’s visible during flight. Males can be identified by a red nape on their neck.
Depending on their geographical origin, Northern Flickers may display red or yellow hues in their wings and tail. Those with red-shafted feathers are typically found in the west, while those with yellow-shafted plumage are associated with the east.
Scientific Name: Colaptes auratus Dimensions: Their length ranges from 11.0 to 12.2 inches (28-31 cm) Weight: They weigh between 3.9 and 5.6 ounces (110-160 g) Wingspan: Their wingspan measures 16.5 to 20.1 inches (42-51 cm)
Northern Flickers can be observed throughout the United States year-round, and during the summer, they extend their reach into Canada. The ones breeding in Canada tend to head south to escape the winter chill.
Their primary diet consists of ants and beetles, complemented by various fruits and seeds. It’s common to see them on the ground, using their curved beaks to dig and forage for food.
To attract these unique birds to your backyard, consider offering suet in your feeders. Besides Northern Flickers, there are several other woodpecker species in Minnesota that may pay a visit to your backyard setup.
11. Brown-headed Cowbird – Female
Brown-headed Cowbirds are commonly sighted in Minnesota during the breeding season, featuring in about 26% of summer birdwatching checklists. They typically make their presence known from March to October, although a few choose to make Minnesota their home all year round.
The females of the species boast a uniformly brown plumage, lightly streaked. The males, on the other hand, are larger and display striking black bodies offset by brown heads and short tails.
Molothrus ater Length: 7.6-8.7 inches (19-22 cm) Weight: 1.3-1.8 ounces (42-50 g) Wingspan: 14.2 inches (36 cm)
Brown-headed Cowbirds are year-round residents in the eastern US, southern regions, and along the Pacific Coast. Those that breed in the northern and western US, as well as Canada, migrate south when winter sets in.
These birds have earned a somewhat negative reputation due to their parasitic nesting habits. They often destroy the eggs of smaller songbirds, replacing them with their own, thus ensuring that the unsuspecting host bird raises their chicks.
12. White-throated Sparrow
White-throated Sparrows are primarily seen in Minnesota during their migration periods in April, and again from September to October. Some even choose to spend their breeding season in the northeastern part of the state. These birds feature in approximately 43% of birdwatching checklists during migration and 13% during the summer season.
These birds are easily recognizable due to their black and white striped head, a sharply contrasting white throat, and a splash of yellow between the eye and bill. Their backs display a brown coloration, while their undersides are of a gray hue.
Zonotrichia albicollis Length: 6.3-7.1 inches (16-18 cm) Weight: 0.8-1.1 ounces (22-32 g) Wingspan: 7.9-9.1 inches (20-23 cm)
White-throated Sparrows are migratory creatures, primarily breeding in Canada and then making their way southward during winter to the eastern and southern US states, as well as the Pacific Coast.
These birds favor the ground of forests and woodlands, as well as the peripheries of these wooded areas, often forming sizeable flocks.
Their diet predominantly consists of seeds from grasses and weeds, as well as a variety of fruits such as grapes, sumacs, mountain ash berries, blueberries, blackberries, and dogwood. In the summer, they are also known to consume a significant amount of insects from the forest floor.
To attract White-throated Sparrows to your backyard, platform feeders stocked with millet and black oil sunflower seeds are recommended.
13. House Wren
House Wrens are often sighted in Minnesota during the summer months, with their presence recorded in about 24% of birdwatching checklists during this period. Their presence in the state extends from April to early November.
House Wrens are small, unassuming brown birds characterized by darker barred wings and tails, along with a lighter-colored throat. They are often noticed with their tails erect.
Troglodytes aedon Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm) Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (10-12 g) Wingspan: 5.9 inches (15 cm)
During the summer, House Wrens engage in breeding activities across the US and southern Canada, after which they migrate to the southern US states and Mexico to spend the winter.
House Wrens can typically be found in backyards, parks, and open woods, where they energetically forage for insects and spiders. They are known for their active hopping behavior through tangled vegetation and lower branches, often pausing to deliver their lively song.
Despite their small size, House Wrens display fierce territorial behavior when it comes to securing the best nesting sites. They are known to pester larger birds and may even resort to removing eggs or nestlings from a nest site they desire.
To attract House Wrens to your backyard, consider setting up a nest box or maintaining piles of brush.
14. Cedar Waxwing
Cedar Waxwings are predominantly seen in Minnesota during the summer months, particularly from June to October, appearing in 13% of birdwatching checklists during this period. However, a few can be found residing in the southern part of the state throughout the year.
Cedar Waxwings are sophisticated and sociable birds characterized by a pale brown color on their head, chest, and crest, which gradually transitions into gray on their back, wings, and tail.
Their belly is light yellow, becoming more vibrant towards the tail. These birds feature a sleek black mask over their eyes and vibrant red patches on their wingtips.
Bombycilla cedrorum Length: 5.5-6.7 inches (14-17 cm) Weight: 1.1 ounces (32 g) Wingspan: 8.7-11.8 inches (22-30 cm)
Cedar Waxwings can be found throughout the year in the northern half of the United States. Those that breed in Canada migrate south to the lower half of the US for the winter.
They emit high-pitched calls and can be found around berry bushes, woodlands, and near streams.
To attract Cedar Waxwings to your backyard, consider planting native trees and shrubs that bear small fruits such as serviceberry, dogwood, juniper, winterberry, and hawthorn. Additionally, you could try offering fruit on platform feeders.
15. Eastern Phoebe
Eastern Phoebes are typically observed in Minnesota from mid-March to November, featuring in about 10% of birdwatching records during the summer.
These chubby songbirds exhibit a grayish-brown color on their backs, while their underparts are predominantly white, and their heads are somewhat darker.
Sayornis phoebe Length: 5.5-6.7 inches (14-17 cm) Weight: 0.6-0.7 ounces (16-21 g) Wingspan: 10.2-11.0 inches (26-28 cm)
Eastern Phoebes are migratory creatures, breeding across the northeastern and central United States, as well as in parts of Canada. Post-breeding, they migrate to southeastern US regions and Mexico for winter. However, some of these birds might choose to stay within the southern part of their range throughout the year.
Often found in serene woodland environments, Eastern Phoebes are typically seen individually, wagging their tails from low-hanging perches, as opposed to being in pairs or groups.
Being flycatchers, their diet primarily consists of flying insects. However, they also feed on spiders, other small insects, fruits, and seeds. These birds have a tendency to nest in places like bridges, barns, or houses, using mud and grass to construct their nests.
You can attract Eastern Phoebes to your backyard by installing a nesting box or cultivating native plants that yield berries.
16. Rose-breasted Grosbeak – Female
Rose-breasted Grosbeaks are primarily observed in Minnesota during their breeding season, making their appearance in about 16% of summer birdwatching records. They begin to show up in April and initiate their migration in October.
Female and immature male Rose-breasted Grosbeaks display a brown color with ample streaking, along with a yellow flash beneath their wings.
In contrast, male Rose-breasted Grosbeaks are black-and-white birds, sporting black heads and backs, white undersides, and red chests. They also exhibit a red flash under their wings.
Pheucticus ludovicianus Length: 7.1-8.3 inches (18-21 cm) Weight: 1.4-1.7 ounces (39-49 g) Wingspan: 11.4-13.0 inches (29-33 cm)
Rose-breasted Grosbeaks breed across the northeastern United States, the Midwest, as well as in southern and central Canada. They are observed during their migratory period in the southeastern states of the US. They spend their winters in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean.
These birds can be found in various environments such as forests, parks, and backyards, where they forage for insects, berries, and seeds.
Their nests, usually placed in the branches of low-lying trees, are constructed from loosely assembled twigs, grass, and plant materials. The nests typically contain about five eggs, which take a fortnight to hatch. Both parents share the responsibility of incubating the eggs.
You can attract Rose-breasted Grosbeaks to your backyard with sunflower seeds and peanuts.
17. Great-crested Flycatcher
Great Crested Flycatchers can be observed in Minnesota from March to September during their breeding period, appearing in 14% of summer birdwatching reports.
These birds exhibit a brown color on their back, contrasted by a yellow belly and a gray throat. Their wings and tail feathers have a hint of reddish color. Their crest, despite their name, is not very noticeable.
Myiarchus crinitus Length: 6.7-8.3 inches (17-21 cm) Weight: 0.9-1.4 ounces (27-40 g) Wingspan: 13.4 inches (34 cm)
Great Crested Flycatchers breed across a large part of eastern North America and migrate to southern Florida, southern Mexico, and Central America for the winter months.
Perched high up in the trees, these birds patiently wait for large flying insects like butterflies, grasshoppers, moths, wasps, and spiders to become their prey. They can be found in a variety of habitats, including mixed woodlands, the borders of clearings, parks, and neighborhoods with abundant trees, as well as on artificial structures like fenceposts. Apart from insects, their diet also includes berries and small fruits.
You can invite Great Crested Flycatchers to your backyard by incorporating native plants and maintaining piles of brush, which are known to draw in insects – their primary food source. Additionally, consider adding plants that yield berries and installing a nesting box, as these birds are quite fond of using them as their homes.
18. Swamp Sparrow
Swamp Sparrows are a common sight in Minnesota during their breeding season, which spans from April to October, and they feature in 9% of summer bird lists.
Distinguished by their dark brown backs and rusty wings and crowns, Swamp Sparrows also have gray chests and white throats. Their faces are brown with a distinct dark line through their eyes, and their beaks have a yellowish tip.
Melospiza georgiana Length: 4.7-5.9 inches (12-15 cm) Weight: 0.5-0.8 ounces (15-23 g) Wingspan: 7.1-7.5 inches (18-19 cm)
Mainly found in the east, Swamp Sparrows breed in Canada, the northeastern and north-central parts of the United States before heading south to the eastern and southern US states and Mexico.
True to their name, these birds inhabit wetlands, swamps, bogs, and coastal marshes. Their diet mainly consists of seeds and fruit, especially during winter, while insects form a significant part of their diet in the spring.
The nests of Swamp Sparrows, typically concealed in low-lying vegetation, are constructed from twigs, leaves, and cattails, and are lined with grass and other plant materials.
While Swamp Sparrows aren’t typical backyard visitors, they might stop by yards with ample vegetation and water during their migration.
19. American Tree Sparrow
American Tree Sparrows are most commonly sighted in southern Minnesota during the winter months, from October to May, and occasionally seen in the north during their migratory period. They feature in 6% of winter bird lists.
These plump, long-tailed birds are streaked brown with distinctive rusty caps, grey faces, and a line of rust-colored feathers running through their eyes.
Spizelloides arborea Length: 5.5 inches (14 cm) Weight: 0.5-1.0 ounces (13-28 g) Wingspan: 9.4 inches (24 cm)
American Tree Sparrows are summer inhabitants of Canada and winter residents in the US. They breed in the extreme northern regions of Canada and Alaska, then migrate south to most US states for the winter, excluding the Pacific and Gulf Coast regions.
These birds are typically found foraging in small groups in weedy fields or under bird feeders.
Their nests, generally built on or near the ground, are constructed from twigs, grass, and moss. American Tree Sparrows lay around five eggs, which hatch in just under two weeks, with the young birds ready to leave the nest a little over a week later.
To attract American Tree Sparrows to your backyard, use platform feeders filled with black oil sunflower seeds, nyjer, cracked corn, and millet. They are also known to feed on seeds that have fallen to the ground from tube feeders.
20. Pine Siskin
Pine Siskins are primarily winter visitors in Minnesota, although a few can be seen throughout the year in the northeastern part of the state. They feature on 2% of summer bird lists and 5% of winter lists.
These small brown finches are characterized by their yellow-streaked wings and tail. They also have a forked tail, pointed wings, and a short, sharp beak.
Spinus Pinus Length: 4.3-5.5 inches (11-14 cm) Weight: 0.4-0.6 ounces (12-18 g) Wingspan: 7.1-8.7 inches (18-22 cm)
Pine Siskins inhabit pine forests in the western states and along the Canadian border all year round. Some also breed in Canada before migrating southward for the winter.
Their distribution across North America largely depends on the availability of pine cone crops. As implied by their name, Pine Siskins mainly feed on conifer seeds but also consume young buds and seeds from grasses and weeds.
To attract Pine Siskins to your backyard, use thistle and nyjer feeders. They are also fond of black oil sunflower seeds and suet.
21. Field Sparrow
Field Sparrows are breeding birds in the southern part of Minnesota from April to October, appearing in 8% of the summer bird observations.
These petite, slender birds exhibit a brown back streaked with black, while their underparts and heads are gray. They’re distinguished by their reddish crown and pinkish beak.
Spizella pusilla Length: 4.7-5.9 inches (12-15 cm) Weight: 0.4-0.5 ounces (11-15 g) Wingspan: 7.9 inches (20 cm)
Field Sparrows are year-round residents in the eastern United States. However, those that breed in the Midwest migrate southward for the winter.
During the breeding season, male Field Sparrows can be easily located as they sing from a perch in the early morning. Otherwise, their quiet feeding habits and preference for deserted fields make them easy to overlook. They are timid birds that primarily feed on weeds and seeds.
Field Sparrows start their first brood on the ground, but with each subsequent brood, the nests are built higher. Constructed from grass, these nests typically hold up to five eggs, which hatch after about two weeks. The fledglings are ready to leave the nest just a week later.
To attract Field Sparrows to your backyard, provide cracked corn, hulled sunflower seeds, and millet.
22. Purple Finch – Female
Purple Finches are typically found in the northeastern part of Minnesota during their breeding season and spread across the rest of the state during winter. They are recorded in 3% of both summer and winter bird observations.
Females of the species are uniformly brown-streaked, whereas males boast reddish-purple hues on their heads and chests, with their backs and wings displaying more brown. Their bellies are paler. Although they bear resemblance to House Finches, they can be distinguished by their redder hue, particularly on the upper part of their back.
Haemorhous purpureus Length: 4.7-6.3 inches (12-16 cm) Weight: 0.6-1.1 ounces (18-32 g) Wingspan: 8.7-10.2 inches (22-26 cm)
Purple Finches typically breed in Canada and spend their winters in the eastern United States. However, they can be found throughout the year in the northeastern region and along the Pacific coast.
These birds can be spotted in evergreen forests where they feed mainly on seeds, but their diet also includes buds, nectar, and berries.
The nests of Purple Finches are usually positioned high up in trees and are constructed from twigs, bark, weeds, and moss. Each nest typically houses three to five eggs, which are incubated by the female for about thirteen days.
To attract Purple Finches to your backyard, consider offering black oil sunflower seeds.
23. Brown Thrasher
Between the months of April and September, Brown Thrashers can be observed in Minnesota, as indicated by their appearance on 8% of summer birding lists.
Slightly larger than a robin, Brown Thrashers are sizable songbirds with elongated bodies. Their backs are cloaked in a brown hue, while their chests and bellies feature white streaks. Their faces, tinged with gray, are highlighted by bright yellow eyes.
Toxostoma rufum Length: 9.1-11.8 inches (23-30 cm) Weight: 2.1-3.1 ounces (61-89 g) Wingspan: 11.4-12.6 inches (29-32 cm)
Brown Thrashers are native to central and eastern North America. Those residing in the southeast of this range stay throughout the year, while their northern counterparts migrate to warmer climates during the winter.
These large birds can be elusive due to their preference for dense thickets and underbrush. Their presence, however, is often revealed by the rustling sounds they make when foraging in leaf litter and soil for insects. In addition to insects, their diet includes berries and beetles, and they are known to catch flying insects in midair.
Renowned for their melodic abilities, Brown Thrashers can produce over a thousand unique songs, making them one of the most versatile songbirds in North America.
To draw Brown Thrashers to your backyard, consider planting dense shrubbery and berry bushes. They are also known to gather seeds that have fallen beneath bird feeders.
24. Brown Creeper
Throughout the year, Brown Creepers can be observed in Minnesota, though their presence is more noticeable in the state’s southern region during winter months. They show up in about 1% of summer birdwatching lists and 3% of winter ones.
These tiny songbirds are known for their knack for camouflage. Their streaked brown backs blend seamlessly with tree trunks, while their undersides are white.
Certhia americana Length: 4.7-5.5 inches (12-14 cm) Weight: 0.2-0.3 ounces (5-10 g) Wingspan: 6.7-7.9 inches (17-20 cm)
Brown Creepers typically do not migrate, but they may venture southward or descend from higher altitudes during the winter. Their habitat ranges from Alaska to southern Canada and northeastern to eastern US states, extending as far as Mexico and Central America. In certain winters, they can also be spotted in central and southeastern states.
To catch a glimpse of these petite birds, one must pay close attention to the trunks of mature trees in woodland areas. Here, Brown Creepers can be seen foraging for insects and larvae nestled in the bark.
Unlike nuthatches, which face downwards, Brown Creepers typically work their way upwards along tree trunks.
These songbirds emit a high, sharp call, which is more of a signal than a song, helping birdwatchers locate them.
25. Savannah Sparrow
Savannah Sparrows are found in Minnesota from April until October, making an appearance in about 6% of summer bird surveys.
When you approach a Savannah Sparrow, you’ll notice a distinct yellow patch near its eye. These birds are typically brown, with streaky coloration and short tails.
Passerculus sandwichensis Size: 4.3-5.9 inches (11-15 cm) Weight: 0.5-1.0 ounces (15-28 g) Wingspan: 7.9-8.7 inches (20-22 cm)
These birds breed across the US and Canada, then migrate to the southern US and Mexico during the winter.
Open grasslands are a preferred habitat for Savannah Sparrows, where they forage on the ground for insects and spiders during the breeding season and seeds during winter.
Savannah Sparrows construct their nests on or close to the ground, using grass. They typically lay up to six eggs, which take around two weeks to hatch. Once hatched, the chicks are ready to leave the nest in another week or two.
While they don’t often visit bird feeders, Savannah Sparrows may be attracted to your yard if it features brush piles, long grass, or is near fields.
26. Swainson’s Thrush
Swainson’s Thrushes can be observed in Minnesota from April to November, their presence peaking during migration times. They make an appearance in 17% of bird lists in the spring and 9% in the fall.
Swainson’s Thrushes are moderately sized thrushes, sporting a pale underbelly with speckled chests, while their backs are brown.
Catharus ustulatus Size: 6.3-7.5 inches (16-19 cm) Weight: 0.8-1.6 ounces (23-45 g) Wingspan: 11.4-12.2 inches (29-31 cm)
You’ll usually find Swainson’s Thrushes in forests, where they scour the forest floor and leaf litter for insects during breeding season. Their diet also includes red fruits such as blackberries, raspberries, huckleberries, and sumac. Ants form a significant part of their meal, and other insects are served to their young.
While these birds can be seen in the lower 48 states only during the spring and fall migration, they breed in Canada and Alaska. When winter comes, they head south to Central and South America.
If you wish to attract Swainson’s Thrushes to your backyard, consider setting up ground-level birdbaths and providing plenty of tree and shrub cover.
27. Hermit Thrush
Hermit Thrushes inhabit northern Minnesota during the breeding season and can be observed journeying across the rest of the state.
Hermit Thrushes are notable for their upright stance, robust bodies, and elongated tails. Their plumage consists of a brown back and a white underside with distinctive spots on the breast and throat.
Catharus guttatus Length: 5.5-7.1 in (14-18 cm) Weight: 0.8-1.3 oz (23-37 g) Wingspan: 9.8-11.4 in (25-29 cm) Hermit Thrushes make their breeding homes in Canada, the northeastern United States, and the western US. They can be spotted during their migration journey through the central states before spending the winter along the Pacific Coast, southeastern states, and Mexico.
Feeding habits of Hermit Thrushes include foraging on the forest floor, particularly in clearings, where they search through the leaf litter for insects. In the colder months, their diet also includes berries.
While they are not common visitors to residential backyards, their somewhat melancholic song can often be heard in the spring and summer seasons.
28. Marsh Wren
Marsh Wrens are sighted in Minnesota primarily during the breeding season, making appearances in about 4% of summer birdwatching checklists. They are most frequently seen from April through October, although some stay as late as February.
Resembling small brown birds, Marsh Wrens are adorned with black and white streaks on their backs. Their underparts are a grayish-brown shade, and their tails, characteristically erect, are a defining trait of the wren species. Both male and female Marsh Wrens share these characteristics.
While they bear a resemblance to Sedge Wrens, Marsh Wrens can be distinguished by the absence of stripes on their shoulders and their notably longer beaks.
Cistothorus palustris Length: 3.9-5.5 in (10-14 cm) Weight: 0.3-0.5 oz (9-14 g) Wingspan: 5.9 in (15 cm)
Marsh Wrens breed in the northern US and central parts of Canada before migrating to warmer southern states and Mexico. Some populations residing in the western regions and along the Atlantic Coast stay year-round. They can be detected during their migration in the eastern US.
Marsh Wrens inhabit wetlands and are often seen clinging to reeds, each foot clutching a different stalk. While they may be challenging to spot, their singing amongst the reeds, particularly at dawn and dusk, can give them away. Their diet consists primarily of insects and spiders, which they pick off leaves close to the water.
The nests of Marsh Wrens are uniquely constructed, fully enclosed save for a small opening at the top. They’re crafted from reeds and grasses woven together.
29. Eastern Towhee
Eastern Towhees are sighted in Minnesota during their breeding season, which spans from April to October. They feature in about 4% of the birdwatching checklists during the summer.
Resembling large sparrows, Eastern Towhees are roughly the same size as a Robin. Males are distinguished by their black head, throat, and back, complemented by reddish flanks, long tails, and a white underbelly. Female counterparts share a similar pattern but exhibit brown hues instead of black.
Pipilo erythrophthalmus Length: 6.8-8.2 in (17.3-20.8 cm) Weight: 1.1-1.8 oz (32-52 g) Wingspan: 7.9-11.0 in (20-28 cm)
Eastern Towhees maintain their residence year-round in the southeastern US. However, those residing in more northern territories undertake a southward migration during the winter months.
Eastern Towhees are typically found bustling in the undergrowth or along the boundaries of forests and dense shrubs.
Eastern Towhees typically construct their nests on the ground, tucked away amid fallen leaves. These nests are primarily built from twigs, bark, and leaves, and are lined with plush grass and animal fur. The birds lay as many as six eggs, which require just shy of two weeks to incubate and a similar period for the fledglings to leave the nest.
To lure Eastern Towhees into your backyard, maintain bushy borders and set up platform feeders filled with black oil sunflower seeds, hulled sunflower seeds, cracked corn, and millet.
Interesting tidbit: Eastern Towhees are sun-lovers and are frequently seen basking on slopes facing south.
30. Northern Waterthrush
In Minnesota, Northern Waterthrushes can be spotted between mid-April and October, making up approximately 4% of summer checklists. These thrush-like birds spend their breeding season in the northern regions and migrate across the rest of the state.
Both male and female Northern Waterthrushes share similar physical characteristics. They have brown heads with thick, white eyebrows, dark brown backs, and white bellies with pronounced dark streaks extending from their throats to their rumps.
Scientifically known as Parkesia noveboracensis, these birds measure around 5.75 inches (15 cm) in length, weigh about 0.8 oz (23 g), and have a wingspan of 8.75 inches (22 cm). They breed in Canada, Alaska, and northeastern US states, and then undertake migration to Mexico, Central and South America, as well as the Caribbean. Some individuals may choose to remain in Central and South America throughout the year.
Northern Waterthrushes can be found in dark, woody swamps, thickets, and bogs. They tend to be attracted to areas with stagnant or slow-moving water within forests. During the winter months in tropical regions, they are often spotted among mangroves.
These birds are skilled at both aquatic and terrestrial foraging. Their long legs enable them to walk on shallow water, allowing them to search for water beetles, mosquitoes, slugs, crustaceans, snails, and occasionally small fish. They also feed on caterpillars, moths, and ants, which they locate under leaves.
The nests of Northern Waterthrushes are typically situated in hollows or crevices near water sources. These nests can be concealed within moss-covered stumps or under overhanging banks, often hidden amidst ferns.
31. White-crowned Sparrow
During the months of May, September, and October, White-crowned Sparrows embark on their migration through Minnesota, making appearances in approximately 11% of checklists during these periods.
White-crowned Sparrows are relatively large sparrows with a grayish hue, characterized by their long tails, small bills, and distinctive black and white head stripes.
Scientifically known as Zonotrichia leucophrys, these sparrows measure around 5.9 to 6.3 inches (15-16 cm) in length, weigh approximately 0.9 to 1.0 ounce (25-28 g), and have a wingspan of about 8.3 to 9.4 inches (21-24 cm). They breed in Alaska and arctic regions of Canada before migrating south to the lower 48 states and Mexico for the winter. However, some individuals may choose to remain year-round along the Pacific Coast and in mountainous areas of the western regions.
White-crowned Sparrows can be found in various habitats such as weedy fields, forest edges, roadside areas, and even yards, where they forage for weed and grass seeds, as well as fruits like elderberries and blackberries.
In terms of vocalizations, the male White-crowned Sparrow produces a clear whistle followed by a series of chaotic whistles, concluding with a buzzing sound. Their calls are typically short and sharp, while females rarely engage in calling or singing.
These sparrows construct their nests using twigs, grass, moss, and pine needles. The nests are often positioned low to the ground in shrubs or on the tundra. White-crowned Sparrows lay up to seven eggs, which take around two weeks to hatch, and the chicks take approximately nine days to fledge.
To attract White-crowned Sparrows to your backyard, offering sunflower seeds can be effective. Additionally, they will also consume seeds dropped by other birds at the feeders.
Fun fact: After leaving the nest, young White-crowned Sparrows require an additional week or two to learn how to fly.
32. Wood Thrush
Wood Thrushes are primarily observed in Minnesota during the breeding season, which spans from mid-April to October. They are documented in approximately 2% of checklists during this time.
The Wood Thrushes’ unique appearance is characterized by their plump bodies with white and black-spotted bellies, lending them a somewhat comical look. They display a brown coloration on their back, while their crown and upper back exhibit reddish hues.
Scientifically known as Hylocichla mustelina, these birds measure around 7.5 to 8.3 inches (19-21 cm) in length, weigh approximately 1.4 to 1.8 ounces (40-50 g), and have a wingspan of about 11.8 to 13.4 inches (30-34 cm).
Wood Thrushes undertake an impressive migration journey, flying from eastern US states across the Gulf of Mexico into Central America within a single night.
These birds have a knack for remaining concealed as they forage in leaf litter within mature forests, searching for insects such as beetles and flies. During the spring season, their distinctive “flute-like” song can be heard resonating in their surroundings.
33. Winter Wren
In Minnesota, Winter Wrens are primarily observed during the spring and fall migration, occurring from April to July and September to October. However, a few individuals do choose to remain in the area throughout the year.
Winter Wrens are small and plump brown birds, featuring darker barring on their wings, tail, and belly. They possess a paler eyebrow stripe and keep their short tails held upright. Both males and females exhibit the same physical characteristics.
These birds bear a striking resemblance to Pacific Wrens and were previously considered to be the same species. However, they are now recognized as distinct species with different songs.
Scientifically known as Troglodytes hiemalis, Winter Wrens can be found in eastern US states during the winter season and in northeastern US states and Canada during the summer months.
When searching for Winter Wrens, keep an eye out for them hidden within the tangled undergrowth of forests and even backyards. They feed on insects and spiders by rummaging through fallen leaves and decaying bark.
The nests of Winter Wrens are constructed using twigs, moss, and woven grass, forming a round shape with a small opening. They lay anywhere between 1 to 9 eggs, with an incubation period of approximately two to two and a half weeks before the chicks fledge.
To attract Winter Wrens to your backyard, consider incorporating native plants and dense vegetation, as these elements are appealing to them.
34. Carolina Wren
While Carolina Wrens are not particularly common in Minnesota, they can still be spotted throughout the year in the region.
Carolina Wrens are rather elusive birds, sporting a dark brown coloration on their upper parts and a lighter brown shade underneath. They possess a distinctive white eyebrow stripe, an upright tail, and are known for their loud and melodious “teakettle” song.
Scientifically known as Thryothorus ludovicianus, Carolina Wrens are year-round residents primarily found across the eastern and southeastern United States. They tend to inhabit wooded areas or regions with dense vegetation, and they may also visit backyard feeders.
To attract Carolina Wrens to your backyard feeders, consider providing suet feeders, hulled sunflower seeds, or peanut hearts in large tube feeders or on platform feeders. These offerings can help entice these delightful birds to pay a visit.
35. Louisiana Waterthrush
From April to August, if you’re lucky, you may catch a glimpse of Louisiana Waterthrushes in certain parts of southeastern Minnesota. However, they are not commonly seen in the region.
Compared to other warblers, Louisiana Waterthrushes may appear rather plain in appearance. They have a brown coloration on their upper parts and a paler hue underneath. One distinguishing feature is their white eyebrow stripe, accompanied by long pink legs.
Scientifically referred to as Parkesia motacilla, Louisiana Waterthrushes breed in eastern US states and can be spotted in the southeast during their migration. They spend their winter months in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, returning to their breeding grounds early in the spring.
To find Louisiana Waterthrushes, you’ll need to explore woodlands near streams and flowing water. This is where they actively hunt for insects, vertebrates, and larvae as their main food sources.
When it comes to nesting, Louisiana Waterthrushes typically choose a location along the banks of a stream, hidden amidst roots or under logs. Their nests are constructed using leaves, pine needles, and other plant materials, which are held together with mud.
36. Spotted Towhee
While sightings of Spotted Towhees are not common in Minnesota, there have been reports of their presence during migration, particularly in the southern parts of the state, near Minneapolis.
Spotted Towhees are notable for their large size and belong to the sparrow family. In males, the head, throat, and back are black, while females have a brown coloration. Both genders display reddish-brown sides and white bellies, along with white spots on their wings and back. They also possess long tails.
Scientifically known as Pipilo maculatus, Spotted Towhees primarily inhabit western US states. However, those located inland in the north migrate south to Texas after the breeding season.
When searching for food, Spotted Towhees can be found on the ground amidst dense shrub thickets, actively scratching around for insects. Their diet includes beetles, crickets, grasshoppers, caterpillars, wasps, bees, as well as acorns, berries, and seeds.
Nests of Spotted Towhees are typically situated on or near the ground. They are constructed using leaves, stems, bark, and lined with softer materials. The birds lay up to six eggs, which hatch after approximately two weeks, and the young take around ten days to fledge.
To attract Spotted Towhees to your yard, consider maintaining overgrown borders, as they are drawn to such environments. They may visit platform feeders or ground feeders, where you can provide them with Black Oil Sunflower seeds, Hulled Sunflower seeds, Cracked Corn, Millet, and Milo as food options.
37. Golden-crowned Sparrow
Golden-crowned Sparrows are considered rare or accidental species in Minnesota, with the last reported sighting near White Oak Lake occurring in 2018.
These sparrows exhibit grayish-brown coloring underneath, with streaked brown feathers on their back. Their heads are adorned with a striking black crown and a vibrant yellow forehead.
During the winter season, the colors on their crown become duller and brown, and the yellow forehead also loses its brightness.
Scientifically referred to as Zonotrichia atricapilla, Golden-crowned Sparrows breed in Alaska and western Canada before embarking on migration to the West Coast for the winter.
In terms of foraging habits, Golden-crowned Sparrows can be found in weedy fields, actively scratching the ground in search of seeds. Their diet includes seeds from plants like dock, sumac, and geranium. They also consume fruits such as apples, grapes, elderberries, and olives. Additionally, insects like ants, beetles, butterflies, and termites make up a portion of their diet.
Nests of Golden-crowned Sparrows are typically situated on the ground and constructed using twigs, moss, and leaves. The nests are lined with softer materials like animal hair, grass, and feathers.
To attract Golden-crowned Sparrows to your backyard, consider placing seeds on ground feeders or planting native plants that produce fruit. Creating an inviting environment with suitable food sources can increase the likelihood of their presence.
38. Abert’s Towhee
Abert’s Towhees are an extremely rare occurrence in Minnesota, considered accidental species in the state. However, there have been recent sightings reported around Grand Rapids in 2022.
These towhees are relatively large sparrows, with a grayish-brown plumage resembling the size of a robin. One notable feature is the rusty coloring found beneath their tail.
Scientifically known as Melozone aberti, Abert’s Towhees primarily inhabit dry habitats with dense undergrowth near desert streams and riverbeds. Their presence is mostly limited to a small area, predominantly in southwestern Arizona.
When foraging, Abert’s Towhees search for insects such as beetles, ants, caterpillars, cicadas, and grasshoppers. They also consume seeds, particularly grasses, during the winter season.
Nests of Abert’s Towhees are constructed within dense vegetation, approximately five feet above the ground. These nests are made from leaves, bark, and grass.
To attract Abert’s Towhees to your yard, consider incorporating a water feature like a birdbath, as well as adding native plants. Providing ground feeders with seeds can also entice them to visit your area.
39. Bewick’s Wren
Bewick’s Wrens are considered accidental species in Minnesota, being extremely rare and not observed in the state for several years.
These wrens exhibit brown-backed plumage and possess long, gray, upright tails with darker barring. They have gray bellies and a distinct white stripe that extends over their eyes.
Scientifically known as Thryomanes bewickii, Bewick’s Wrens are year-round residents primarily found in southern and western states, with some minor movements during the winter season.
To spot Bewick’s Wrens, explore scrublands, thickets, and open woodlands, where you may observe them hopping from branch to branch while flicking their long tails. Their diet consists of insects and larvae, including bees, bugs, caterpillars, and beetles.
Nests of Bewick’s Wrens are typically found on rock ledges, old woodpecker nests, nest boxes, or crevices in buildings. They have a cup-shaped structure constructed from sticks and grasses, with a softer lining. Bewick’s Wrens lay 3 to 8 eggs, which take around two weeks to hatch, and the young birds fledge approximately two weeks after hatching.
To attract Bewick’s Wrens to your backyard, consider providing suet, mealworms, and hulled sunflower seeds as food offerings. These items can entice these charming wrens to visit your outdoor space.
How Frequently Brown Birds Are Spotted In Minnesota In Summer And Winter
Checklists serve as a valuable tool to identify the frequently observed bird species within your state. These comprehensive lists provide insights into the common brown-colored birds that are frequently recorded on checklists in Minnesota during both summer and winter seasons, as documented on eBird.