In your quest to allure hummingbirds, you’ll come across a myriad of blossoms, but it’s crucial to discover flora that can withstand and flourish in your local weather conditions. If the temperature veers towards extremes of heat or cold, these plants will either perish or fail to produce the vibrant flowers necessary for hummingbirds to gather nectar from.
The USDA’s map of plant hardiness zones divides the United States into 13 distinct regions based on the average minimum temperature. Within each state, there are also varying zones. Plants thrive in different zones and can endure minimum temperatures, but they won’t survive if the cold becomes too severe.
With hot summers and frigid winters, North Dakota predominantly falls within plant hardiness zone 4, while the northern region lies in zone 3.
To address excessive heat, the American Horticultural Society devised a plant heat-zone map, indicating the number of days an area experiences temperatures surpassing 86 degrees Fahrenheit.
Despite North Dakota’s limited hot days, it falls within zones 4 to 6 on the plant heat zone map. Consequently, it is the harsh winters that will impact hummingbird-friendly plants more profoundly than the heat.
To ensure that these plants not only possess alluring nectar-rich flowers adored by hummingbirds but also thrive within North Dakota’s climate, all the recommended species have been carefully evaluated against the cold and heat zones prevalent in the state.
It’s imperative to note that plants suitable for higher-numbered hardiness zones may not withstand the colder winters in the lower-numbered zones of North Dakota without additional protection.
Hence, endeavor to cultivate as many of these enchanting flowers as possible to attract hummingbirds to the splendid state of North Dakota.
Hummingbird Plants North Dakota Hardiness Zone 3
List of Hummingbird Plants Suitable for North Dakota’s Hardiness Zone 3:
1. Veronica
The genus Veronica, belonging to the Plantaginaceae family, encompasses a staggering 500 species, making it the largest of its kind. These herbaceous plants are categorized as annuals or perennials native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
Within the Veronica family, you’ll find a diverse array of varieties. Some boast a low-growing nature, making them ideal as ground covers that bloom during the spring. Others reach towering heights, sporting upright, vertical flower spikes that burst into summer blossoms.
Among the multitude of Veronica varieties, Veronica spicata stands out as one of the most popular. Its distinctive feature lies in its vibrant vertical spikes adorned with tiny flowers clumped together in shades of white, pink, purple, and blue. These delightful blooms captivate hummingbirds, butterflies, and bees alike.
Also referred to as Speedwells, these resilient plants adapt well to various soil conditions. They are not plagued by pest issues, and by regularly removing spent flowers, you can extend their blooming season. While they thrive under full sunlight, young specimens require regular watering to ensure optimal flower production.
Common Name: Veronica, Speedwell
Scientific Name: Genus Veronica from the family Plantaginaceae
Growing Zones: 3 – 11
Sun: Full sun, partial shade
Soil: Well-drained
Colors: White, pink, purple, blue
Height: 6 inches to 3 feet tall
Spread: 6 inches to 2 feet wide
Plant Type: Perennial
2. Agastache
Agastache, pronounced “ah-GAH-stuh-kee,” encompasses a collection of aromatic herbaceous perennials boasting around 22 different species, with the majority originating from North America. They are commonly known as “hummingbird mints” and “Giant hyssops” and can also be utilized for herbal tea.
Agastache flowers possess an inherent allure for hummingbirds due to their distinctive prominence among the
foliage. These tubular blooms, ranging from 3 to 4 inches in length, feature a fuzzy texture owing to their cluster of numerous tiny flowers. The vibrant hues of purple and red, adored by hummingbirds, irresistibly beckon them when the flowers burst into full summer bloom.
For optimal growth, it is advisable to start Agastache as indoor plants in May and subsequently transplant them into flower beds during the summer. These plants thrive under full sunlight and necessitate regular watering until they establish themselves. Once established, they exhibit remarkable drought tolerance and require minimal intervention.
As desert plants, Agastache easily withstand scorching hot days. Overwatering must be avoided, as excessive moisture can lead to root rot. A good watering followed by allowing the soil to dry is the best practice.
Common Name: Agastache, Hummingbird Mint, Hyssop
Scientific Name: Agastache
Growing Zones: 3 – 10
Sun: Full Sun
Soil: Lean soil, well-drained
Colors: Blue, purple, red, orange, pink, white
Height: 3 to 5 feet tall
Spread: Varies
Plant Type: Herbaceous perennial
3. Columbine
Columbines rank among the top choices for attracting hummingbirds due to their diverse range of vibrant-colored flowers and their ability to thrive in partial shade.
An elegant perennial, the Columbine, also known as Aquilegia, possesses spiky bell-shaped blooms measuring anywhere from 3 to 6 inches in length. These enchanting flowers grace gardens with their presence and charm.
Numerous varieties of Columbine exist, but most flourish in partial shade to full shade and commence blooming as early as spring, making them an excellent option for luring hummingbirds.
These diligent flowers not only tolerate shade but also exhibit drought resistance and deer resistance.
To cultivate Columbine, sow the seeds directly into the ground during spring. If you desire an early start, sow the seeds indoors 6 to 8 weeks prior to the last frost. However, bear in mind that flowers will not appear until the second year for seed-grown plants.
Common Name: Columbine, Aquilegia
Scientific Name: Aquilegia
Growing Zones: 3-9
Sun: Full sun to partial shade
Soil: Neutral pH, moist but not wet soil
Colors: Red, pink, blue, orange, white, yellow
Height: 1 – 3 feet
Spread: 1 foot
Plant Type: Perennial
4. Coneflower
Coneflower, scientifically known as Echinacea, belongs to the daisy family Asteraceae. This delightful genus comprises ten different species, named after the conical shape formed by their petals as they arch downwards once the central flower head unfurls.
The popular ornamental coneflower, Echinacea purpurea, a native of eastern North America, captivates with its 6-inch-wide flowers and sturdy stalks, reaching up to 5 feet in height. Varieties range in colors, including pink, red, orange, yellow, and white. These resplendent blooms, particularly the reds and purples, repeatedly attract hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies, who revel in their nectar-rich central cones.
Coneflowers flourish under full sun, relishing at least 6 hours of daily sunlight, and require well-drained soil. When these conditions are met, you can revel in their blooms throughout summer and fall.
Common Name: Coneflower
Scientific Name: Echinacea
Growing Zones: 3 – 9
Sun: Full Sun
Soil: Varies
Colors: White, yellow, orange, pink, red, purple, green
Height: 2 to 5 feet tall
Spread: 1 ½ – 2 feet wide
Plant Type: Perennial
5. Penstemon
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Penstemon, a genus within the Plantaginaceae family, boasts an impressive collection of over 250 ornamental flowering plants, reminiscent of snapdragons and foxgloves. Recognizable by their pollen-free stamens adorned with small hair-like tufts, they have garnered the nickname “Beardtongue.”
With such a wide variety of species, Penstemon offers ample choices to complement your backyard. Regardless of size or color, these resilient plants share several attributes: drought tolerance, attraction to hummingbirds and bees, ease of care, and the ability to infuse any garden with vibrant blooms.
Penstemon flowers grace gardens during early summer, captivating with their spires and clusters of colorful tubular blossoms. The array of colors available depends on the chosen variety and includes blue, purple, red, orange, white, pink, and yellow.
Hummingbirds are irresistibly drawn to Penstemon flowers due to their vividness and nectar abundance.
To ensure optimal growth, provide Penstemon plants with ample sunlight. This will result in abundant blooms and upright stems, as excessive shade may cause drooping. These plants prefer nutrient-poor soil with adequate moisture, although they exhibit drought tolerance. Selecting a variety suited to your soil and climate will maximize their longevity.
Common Name: Penstemon, Foxglove Beard-Tongue
Scientific Name: Penstemon
Growing Zones: 3 – 9
Sun: Full sun
Soil: Lean, fast-draining soil
Colors: Blue, purple, red, orange, white, pink, yellow
Height: 6 to 12 inches, 1 to 3 feet, 3 to 8 feet
Spread: 8 to 20 inches
Plant Type: Perennial
6. Summersweet
Summersweet, scientifically known as Clethra alnifolia, is a flowering shrub that not only adds beauty to your backyard but also entices hummingbirds.
This deciduous plant, also called Coastal Sweet Pepperbush, finds its natural habitat in wetlands and along the edges of ponds and streams, primarily in eastern North America.
Summersweet showcases vertical spikes of fragrant white flowers against a backdrop of dark green foliage. During autumn, its leaves turn yellow or gold, adding a touch of vibrancy to the landscape. The plant derives its name from the brown seed capsules resembling peppercorns that emerge after the flowers have bloomed.
Flowering from July to August, the Summersweet’s blooms measure 2 to 6 inches in length and come in shades of white or pink. Their subtle fragrance acts as a magnet, attracting butterflies and, of course, hummingbirds. Furthermore, the pepper-like seeds that develop during autumn entice birds.
These coastal flowers thrive in moist to wet soil, making them perfect for gardens with ample water sources. While Summersweet appreciates shade, it flourishes when exposed to full sunlight, boasting larger blooms and upright stems. Additionally, it exhibits a high tolerance for salty air, thanks to its natural adaptation to coastal regions.
To care for Summersweet, provide ample space for it to spread, as it tends to grow wide. Maintain the moisture levels of the soil and prune old branches during spring to encourage new growth and shape the shrub.
Common Name: Summersweet, Coastal Sweet Pepperbush
Scientific Name: Clethra alnifolia
Growing Zones: 3 – 9
Sun: Full sun or partial shade
Soil: Moist to wet soil, slightly acidic
Colors: White, pink, or rose-colored
Height: 4 – 8 feet tall
Spread: 4 – 6 feet wide
Plant Type: Perennial, Deciduous shrub
7. Yarrow
Yarrow, scientifically known as Achillea millefolium, carries intriguing folklore and boasts a myriad of uses. Its scientific name pays homage to the mythical Greek hero Achilles, who reputedly used yarrow to treat his soldiers’ wounds.
Yarrow, also known as “Nosebleed” due to its ability to stem nosebleeds, derives its name from the appearance of its leaves, which seem to be divided into a thousand smaller leaves.
This versatile plant exhibits clusters of tiny flowers in an array of colors, including white, yellow, pink, and red, depending on the variety. These charming flowers, tightly grouped on the stem, range from 15 to 40 per cluster.
Yarrow’s feathery leaves are evenly distributed along the stem, measuring 2 to 8 inches in length. The lower and middle leaves tend to grow larger. Possessing a soft, fern-like appearance, these aromatic leaves add visual appeal to the plant.
Apart from their aesthetic allure, Yarrow flowers attract hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies. Cultivating Yarrow in your garden is a breeze—simply provide full sunlight and adequate watering to keep the plants hydrated.
Yarrow offers more than just beautiful and fragrant flowers; it is also renowned for its medicinal properties. The plant has been traditionally used to treat wounds, burns, colds, fever, and headaches.
Common Name: Yarrow, Milfoil, Nosebleed, Thousand-leaf
Scientific Name: Achillea millefolium
Growing Zones: 3 – 9
Sun: Full sun
Soil: Sandy, loamy, clay, well-draining
Colors: White, yellow, pink, red
Height: 2 to 3 feet tall
Spread: 2 to 3 feet wide
Plant Type: Perennial
8. Butterfly Weed
Butterfly Weed, scientifically referred to as Asclepias tuberosa, stands as a bushy and visually captivating plant, attracting hummingbirds to your garden.
Also known as Pleurisy Root due to its historical use in treating pleurisy and other pulmonary ailments, this plant belongs to the Milkweed family, even though it lacks milky sap. It is also commonly called Orange Milkweed.
To create a haven for butterflies, bees, and hummingbirds in your garden, Butterfly Weed is a must-have. Its flowers, ranging from orange to yellow, display nectar-rich blooms atop thick, hairy stems, surrounded by lush, bright green foliage.
Enjoy the stunning blooms from late spring to summer, but exercise caution if you prefer to control their spread, as the plants can self-seed and become invasive.
Butterfly Weed is relatively easy to grow, although it requires patience, typically taking up to three years before it fully flowers. Once established, it thrives in full sunlight and rarely requires regular watering.
Planting Butterfly Weed not only enhances the beauty of your garden and provides a delightful nectar source for hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies but also contributes to the conservation of monarch butterflies. These butterflies rely on milkweed leaves as a food source for their caterpillars.
Common Name: Butterfly Weed, Butterfly Flower, Orange Milkweed, Pleurisy Root
Scientific Name: Asclepias tuberosa
Growing Zones: 3 – 9
Sun: Full sun
Soil: Poor, dry, well-drained soil
Colors: Orange, yellow, red
Height: 1 to 2 feet tall
Spread: 12 to 18 inches wide
Plant Type: Perennial
9. Hydrangea
Hydrangeas, with their stunning huge flower heads, add a touch of elegance to shady areas of your yard. These showy plants, however, prefer to avoid excessive heat, making shade the ideal growing condition, particularly in the afternoon.
Moist soil is crucial for Hydrangeas, so watering deeply once a week, especially during dry periods, is essential. Pruning can be done in winter after the flowers have withered.
Hydrangea flowers continue to grace the landscape from spring to late fall, maintaining visual interest even in winter.
Common Name: Hydrangea
Scientific Name: Hydrangea
Growing Zones: 3 – 9
Sun: Full sun to shade
Soil: Fertile, well-draining
Colors: Pink, red, white, blue, green
Height: 3 – 15 feet
Spread: 2 – 12 feet
Plant Type: Perennial
10. Bleeding Heart
Bleeding Heart flowers bloom during the spring, filling the air with a lovely sweet fragrance. These perennial plants require minimal maintenance and can be grown in full sun or partial shade.
These charming flowers are a perfect addition to shady corners, and their delicate blooms create a striking display when cascading from hanging baskets.
Bleeding Heart plants may die back if exposed to excessive heat or sunlight, but the roots remain intact, allowing the plant to rejuvenate in the following year. Keeping the soil consistently moist, but not overly wet, is crucial during the growing season.
In fall, the foliage of Bleeding Heart turns yellow, indicating the plant’s dormant phase. At this time, it can be pruned by cutting back the yellowing leaves, and the plant will regrow in due course.
Common Name: Bleeding Heart
Scientific Name: Dicentra spectabilis
Growing Zones: 3 – 9
Sun: Partial shade
Soil: Well-drained, moist
Colors: Red, white, pink
Height: 3 feet
Spread: 3 feet
Plant Type: Perennial
11. Cardinal Flower
The Cardinal Flower, scientifically known as Lobelia cardinalis, boasts long, bright red tubular flowers perfectly designed to accommodate the long bills of hummingbirds.
As an herbaceous perennial, the Cardinal Flower blooms in late summer, captivating onlookers with its striking, bright red flowers that form on terminal spikes.
These vibrant flowers thrive in moist soil, making it essential to provide consistent moisture without allowing the soil to dry out. When planting Cardinal Flowers in pots, it’s beneficial to place them in a tray of water that can be easily topped up.
Common Name: Cardinal Flower
Scientific Name: Lobelia cardinalis
Growing Zones: 3 – 9
Sun: Full sun to partial shade
Soil: Rich, moist
Colors: Red, pink, white
Height: 2 – 4 feet
Spread: 1 – 2 feet
Plant Type: Perennial
12. English Hawthorn
The English Hawthorn, scientifically known as Crataegus laevigata, is a deciduous and thorny tree native to Europe and North Africa. Similar in appearance to apple, pear, and crabapple trees, the English Hawthorn stands out with its profuse blooming during spring.
Considered a small to medium-sized tree, the English Hawthorn can reach heights of up to 30 feet. It exhibits tolerance to drought and poor soil conditions, making it suitable for confined spaces and popular as street trees, landscape features, and bonsai subjects.
During springtime, the English Hawthorn adorns itself with radiant white, pink, lavender, or red flowers. These flowers, arranged in flat clusters of 6 to 12, boast five petals each and emerge along the branches. Following the fading of the flowers, small red or orange fruits develop from summer into winter, providing an attractive contrast against the tree’s white canopy.
When planting the English Hawthorn, ensure the chosen location is free from concerns related to fallen fruit. While the tree grows slowly, it can live for up to 150 years, offering long-lasting beauty.
Common Name: English Hawthorn, Midland Hawthorn, Woodland Hawthorn
Scientific Name: Crataegus laevigata
Growing Zones: 3 – 9
Sun: Full sun
Soil: Moist, well-drained
Colors: White, pink, lavender, red
Height: 6 to 30 feet tall
Spread: 6 to 30 feet wide
Plant Type: Perennial, Deciduous tree
13. Delphinium
Delphiniums, a genus comprising approximately 300 species of flowering plants within the Ranunculaceae family, exhibit tall and vibrant nectar-rich flowers that captivate butterflies, bees, and hummingbirds. Despite their toxicity and specific growing requirements, these flowers, particularly the rare blue varieties, have enchanted gardeners for ages.
Delphiniums, also known as Larkspur, showcase a splendid range of colors, including blue, purple, red, orange, white, pink, and yellow. From late spring to late summer, these flowers contribute to the garden’s allure.
Growing to impressive heights in certain variants, such as 8 feet, Delphiniums possess small, palm-shaped leaves that lend an attractive backdrop to their spires. These plants thrive in full sunlight, although protection from excessive heat and strong winds is advisable. Supporting their vertical growth with stakes or other structures ensures their delicate stems remain upright.
Delphiniums attract hummingbirds repeatedly due to their vivid colors and abundant nectar reserves. The bright blossoms act as beacons, drawing pollinators into the garden.
Common Name: Delphinium, Larkspur
Scientific Name: Delphinium
Growing Zones: 3 – 7
Sun: Full sun, part shade
Soil: Well-draining soil
Colors: Blue, purple, red, orange, white, pink, yellow
Height: 1 to 3 feet, 3 to 8 feet tall
Spread: 1 to 3 feet wide
Plant Type: Perennial
Hummingbird Plants North Dakota Hardiness Zone 4
North Dakota is home to various plant species that are suitable for hardiness zone 4. Let’s explore some unique plants and their characteristics.
1. Tulip Tree
The North American counterpart of the Chinese Liriodendron chinense, the Tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) stands tall as a resilient and swiftly growing hardwood tree. Known by its popular name, the yellow-poplar, it is renowned for its remarkable height, surpassing other eastern hardwood trees.
The Tulip tree adorns itself with resplendent, nectar-filled yellow flowers, enticing hummingbirds to indulge in their sweet feast.
During the spring season, the Tulip tree reveals its splendid tulip-shaped flowers, approximately two inches long and wide, adorned with six verdant-yellow petals. An orange band encircles the lower portion of the flower, creating an enchanting contrast. When viewed from above, this orange band accentuates the stamens nestled within the center, making it an irresistible attraction for hummingbirds and other pollinators.
The Tulip tree’s leaves possess their own exquisite charm. Star-shaped, smooth, and glossy, they measure around three to six inches in length. While they boast a vibrant green hue like most trees, they transform into golden or vivid yellow shades when autumn arrives. Moreover, their stems emit a pleasant fragrance.
These captivating beauties tend to reside at significant heights, often soaring beyond 50 feet or even higher. Although planting a tree that reaches up to 90 feet might seem daunting, their size can be controlled through pruning, allowing them to remain compact. To thrive, the Tulip tree prefers moist, well-drained soil and requires a minimum of six hours of sunlight to foster rapid growth.
Common Name: Tulip Tree
Scientific Name: Liriodendron tulipifera
Growing Zones: 4 – 9
Sun: Full sun
Soil: Moist, well-drained soil
Colors: Green-yellow, orange
Height: 70 to 90 feet
Spread: 40 feet
Plant Type: Deciduous perennial tree
2. Rhododendron
Rhododendrons, belonging to the Ericaceae family, encompass a vast collection of woody plants. This diverse group consists of approximately 1,000 species, ranging from diminutive shrubs to towering trees. Frequently utilized in ornamental landscaping, these evergreen shrubs possess an advantage over other hardy plants that shed leaves or succumb to frost. Furthermore, their vibrant and colorful flowers add to their allure.
Distinguishing rhododendrons from their similar counterpart, azaleas, is a simple task. While most rhododendrons showcase bell-shaped flowers adorned with ten stamens, azaleas flaunt funnel-shaped blooms with five stamens per stem. Rhododendrons bear multiple flowers per stem, while azaleas typically display a solitary flower. However, due to the abundance of stems in a shrub, this difference may not be readily apparent.
With numerous rhododendron varieties available, they can be planted and cultivated throughout the year, particularly in regions with mild climates. Nevertheless, springtime planting is optimal for areas experiencing cold temperatures.
In hotter climates, early fall serves as the ideal time for planting. Rhododendrons thrive in moderate environments, avoiding extreme heat or cold. Acclimating them to the prevailing temperatures upon planting is crucial.
Proper soil preparation is essential for cultivating rhododendrons. Maintaining soil acidity within the pH range of 4.5 – 5.5 is imperative. Conducting a soil test is advisable to ensure the optimal pH level. If acidity is too high, applying a small quantity of agricultural sulfur or iron sulfate is recommended. Conversely, if acidity is too low, ground limestone should be applied.
Rhododendrons in colder climates (Zones 4-6) require a minimum of six hours of direct sunlight. In hotter regions (Zones 7-11), providing ample shade is crucial. Well-irrigated soil is necessary, while caution should be exercised to prevent root saturation.
The vibrant hues of rhododendron flowers, spanning shades of pink, purple, red, white, and yellow, are alluring to hummingbirds.
Common Name: Rhododendron
Scientific Name: Rhododendron
Growing Zones: 4 – 11
Sun: Partial shade
Soil: Well-drained, acidic
Colors: Pink, purple, red, white, yellow
Height: 18 inches to 50 feet
Spread: 2 – 3 feet
Plant Type: Perennial
3. Salvia
Boasting an expansive group of over 1000 species, salvias belong to the mint family. These perennial plants offer a delightful choice for hummingbirds, as they possess both drought resistance and ease of care.
Salvias evolved alongside hummingbirds in the Americas, utilizing the birds’ long bills to enter the flowers, opening a trapdoor that deposits pollen on their heads while providing them with delectable nectar.
Throughout the summer, salvias proudly showcase a splendid array of flowers and tubular blossoms, ensuring a continuous flow of hummingbird visitors.
Numerous native salvia species exhibit a high tolerance for drought and flourish splendidly in the southern heat. Although heat and drought are generally well-tolerated by salvias, thorough watering once a week during arid conditions is advisable.
Often referred to as sage plants, salvias are suitable for both annual and perennial growth. Deadheading them during the summer promotes more prolific blooming, but leaving some flowers at the end of the season facilitates self-seeding.
Selecting salvias with red, pink, and orange-colored flowers is ideal. While native species are recommended, European salvias tend to be hardier and thrive in northern regions, expanding the range and availability of nectar for hummingbirds.
Common Name: Salvia
Scientific Name: Salvia
Growing Zones: 4 – 10
Sun: Full sun, partial shade tolerated
Soil: Well-drained
Colors: Red, pink, purple, blue, white, yellow
Height: 1 – 6 feet
Spread: 1 – 6 feet
Plant Type: Perennial
4. Daylily
Daylilies, belonging to the Asphodelaceae family, are perennial plants cherished by gardeners for their enchanting flowers. To cultivate an extensive variety of colors, increased hardiness, resistance to diseases, and sturdiness, breeders have developed approximately 35,000 cultivars.
Despite their name, daylilies are not true lilies. They arise from fleshy roots rather than onion-like bulbs. Daylily flowers emerge on leafless stems, referred to as “scapes,” bearing clusters of 12-15 buds. A mature daylily plant can have four to six scapes, providing an abundance of blooming flowers throughout multiple seasons.
Each daylily flower lasts only a day. However, the continuous emergence of new blooms ensures a prolonged display, with fresh flowers blossoming from mid-spring to fall.
To maintain the brilliance of daylily flowers, they require a location that receives a minimum of six hours of sunlight. While drought-tolerant, regular watering is crucial, especially during the formation of scapes and buds.
Hummingbirds are irresistibly drawn to the vibrant colors of daylilies, particularly the red and purple varieties. They are particularly fond of tubular flowers, which harbor copious amounts of nectar.
Common Name: Daylily
Scientific Name: Hemerocallis genus
Growing Zones: 4 – 9
Sun: Full sun
Soil: Slightly acidic to neutral
Colors: White, yellow, orange, pink, red, purple
Height: 3 to 4 feet tall
Spread: 2 to 4 feet wide
Plant Type: Perennial
5. Bee Balm
Bee Balm, derived from the Monarda genus within the mint family (Lamiaceae), earned its name from Native Americans who employed it as an antiseptic salve for treating bee stings. It was also referred to as “Oswego Tea” due to the Oswego Native Americans’ practice of brewing its leaves into tea.
Monarda plants, popularly known as bee balm, are esteemed not only for their minty aromatic leaves but also for their vibrant and exotic-looking flowers, which serve as an irresistible attraction for hummingbirds. The scarlet-red flowers of Monarda didyma are particularly favored by these lively birds. With their tubular shape and resplendent crimson hue, these flowers bloom from mid-summer to early fall.
Bee Balm thrives under full sun, although it can tolerate partial shade during periods of intense heat. It prefers moist, well-drained soil, necessitating regular watering according to the climate conditions.
Planting Bee Balm in your backyard offers numerous benefits. Apart from the aromatic leaves that can be used in salads and tea, these plants offer splendid, long-blooming flowers that enhance the beauty of your landscape. Additionally, they attract hummingbirds and other pollinators, while the leaves can be utilized for creating essential oils with medicinal properties.
Common Name: Bee Balm, Bergamot, Horsemint, Oswego Tea
Scientific Name: Monarda from the mint family (Lamiaceae)
Growing Zones: 4 – 9
Sun: Full sun, partial shade
Soil: Rich, moist, well-drained
Colors: White, pink, red, purple
Height: 2 – 4 feet tall
Spread: 2 – 3 feet wide
Plant Type: Perennial
6. Trumpet Honeysuckle
Trumpet Honeysuckle, scientifically known as Lonicera sempervirens, is a rapidly growing, twining vine belonging to the Caprifoliaceae family. It is an excellent choice for adorning fences, arbors, and trellises. Moreover, it can gracefully sprawl across concrete surfaces when allowed to creep along the ground.
However, it is important to note that certain honeysuckle species, such as the Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), tend to be invasive. Therefore, it is advisable to opt for the Trumpet Honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens) and research the invasiveness of specific honeysuckle varieties in your region.
The Trumpet Honeysuckle holds a special allure for hummingbirds due to its vivid orange-red flowers. Once in bloom, these flowers reveal bright yellow stamens, growing in clusters of 10-20 at the ends of the stems. From spring to fall, they create a breathtaking display, beautifully contrasting against the dark green, oblong leaves.
For optimal flowering, the Trumpet Honeysuckle thrives under full sunlight, allowing its magnificent blossoms to shine brightly. While it can tolerate partial shade, it is known to produce fewer flowers under such conditions. Regular moisture is necessary for young plants, but once established, they exhibit a commendable tolerance for drought.
Common Name: Trumpet Honeysuckle
Scientific Name: Lonicera sempervirens
Growing Zones: 4 – 9
Sun: Fullsun, partial shade
Soil: Moist, well-drained
Colors: Orange-red, yellow
Height: 10 – 15 feet
Spread: 3 – 6 feet
Plant Type: Vine, perennial
7. Eastern Redbud
The Eastern Redbud, scientifically known as Cercis canadensis, is a splendid deciduous shrub or small tree native to the eastern regions of North America. It is highly valued as an ornamental specimen plant due to its captivating features, including its twisted trunk, zigzag branches, beautiful flowers, and large heart-shaped leaves. This tree is an ideal choice for small to medium-sized backyards.
What sets the Eastern Redbud apart is its unique flowering pattern. The vibrant flowers appear before the leaves, creating a striking display in early spring. These half-inch-wide flowers grow in clusters along the branches, each cluster adorned with 4-8 delicate blossoms. The nectaries within the flowers are accessible only to hummingbirds and long-tongued bees, such as blueberry bees and carpenter bees.
The colors of Eastern Redbud flowers range from light pink to deep magenta, with some varieties even exhibiting a purplish tinge. Against the dark branches and trunk, the flowers appear to float in the air, creating a mesmerizing sight. This floral spectacle lasts for two to three weeks before the fruits emerge.
Following the flowering period, the Redbud produces fruits known as legumes. These bean-like pods start off green and gradually turn brown as winter approaches. As winter gives way to spring, the Redbud unfurls its heart-shaped leaves from winter buds. The leaves are initially bright green with a hint of red, eventually transitioning into a glossy, vibrant green with prominent veins.
The Eastern Redbud thrives under full sun and partial shade, although providing six hours of sunlight ensures profuse blooming. While it can tolerate drought conditions, regular watering is recommended. Pruning during the early stages helps shape and structure the tree, allowing it to flourish.
Common Name: Eastern Redbud
Scientific Name: Cercis canadensis
Growing Zones: 4 – 9
Sun: Full sun, partial shade
Soil: Moist, well-drained
Colors: Pink, reddish, purple
Height: 20 – 30 feet tall
Spread: 25 – 35 feet wide
Plant Type: Perennial, Deciduous tree
8. Hyacinth Bean
The Hyacinth Bean, scientifically known as Lablab purpureus, belongs to the Fabaceae family. It is a climbing bean vine native to Africa and cultivated for both ornamental and culinary purposes. In certain regions, such as Asia, it is also utilized as a food source.
In the United States, the Hyacinth Bean is primarily grown as an ornamental plant, cherished for its enchanting pinkish-lavender blossoms and striking purple seed pods. It is often referred to as the Jefferson Bean, as Bernard McMahon, Thomas Jefferson’s nurseryman, supposedly sold it to him in 1804.
To cultivate the Hyacinth Bean and enjoy its high-quality flowers, planting seeds in the backyard during the warm spring climate is recommended. This promotes abundant flowering and vine growth. With sturdy support, the Hyacinth Bean vine can reach heights of up to 25 feet.
Flowering begins in summer and extends into fall, with clusters of white, pink, lavender, or purple flowers adorning the vine. Once the flowers fade, attention turns to the exquisite seed pods. Elongated and purple in color, these pods contain 2-3 seeds each, although they are not suitable for consumption due to their poisonous nature.
Hummingbirds are particularly attracted to the Hyacinth Bean’s vivid purple flowers. The plant itself requires full sunlight to showcase its beautiful blooms. Adequate support is essential for guiding the vine’s growth, and regular watering is recommended for young plants until they establish themselves.
In regions with mild climates, the Hyacinth Bean may exhibit perennial tendencies, while in colder climates, treating it as an annual and preserving seeds for future planting is advisable.
Common Name: Hyacinth Bean, Indian Bean, Egyptian Bean, Bataw, Australian Pea
Scientific Name: Lablab purpureus
Growing Zones: 4 – 9
Sun: Full sun (no partial shade)
Soil: Well-draining soil
Colors: White, pink, lavender, purple
Height: 10 – 25 feet
Spread: 3 – 6 feet
Plant Type: Annual
9. Trumpet Vine
The Trumpet Vine, scientifically known as Campsis radicans, belongs to the Bignoniaceae family and is native to the eastern United States. This fast-growing and fast-spreading flowering vine is a captivating addition to fences, arbors, or trellises. It can also be allowed to crawl along the ground, making it ideal for sprawling on concrete surfaces.
Caution must be exercised when selecting a trumpet vine, as some varieties, such as the Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), can become invasive. To avoid this, it is recommended to opt for the Trumpet Honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens) and research invasive species in your specific area.
The Trumpet Vine entices hummingbirds with its stunning orange-red flowers. As the flowers open, they reveal vibrant yellow stamens. These clusters of 10-20 flowers adorn the stems, creating a remarkable visual contrast against the vine’s dark green, oblong leaves.
Apart from its extended flowering season, the Trumpet Vine thrives under full sunlight, allowing its beautiful flowers to take center stage. While partial shade is tolerable, it may reduce the abundance of flowers. Regular watering is not a necessity, as the vine can withstand dry conditions, but maintaining moist soil is recommended.
To prevent excessive spreading, regular pruning is essential. Late fall is an ideal time for pruning, as cutting the vine almost to ground level encourages robust regrowth, especially when accompanied by ample sunlight.
Common Name: Trumpet Vine, Trumpet Creeper, Cow Itch
Scientific Name: Campsis radicans
Growing Zones: 4 – 9
Sun: Full sun, partial shade
Soil: Average, moist but well-drained
Colors: Orange, red, yellow
Height: 25 – 40 feet long
Spread: 5 – 10 feet wide
Plant Type: Perennial, Deciduous woody vine
10. Catmint
Catmint, scientifically known as Nepeta mussinii, is a delightful perennial plant that belongs to the mint family, Lamiaceae. Often mistaken for catnip (Nepeta cataria), Catmint shares the same genus but offers more ornamental value than its weedy counterpart. Unlike Catnip, which induces euphoria in cats, Catmint lacks that effect.
Catmint is an aromatic herbaceous plant that features an extended flowering period, making it a favorite among hummingbirds. It is drought-tolerant and easy to cultivate, making it a popular choice for gardens.
Not only is Catmint visually appealing, but it also serves culinary and medicinal purposes. The plant’s fragrant leaves are commonly used in salads and teas. Additionally, they can be utilized in herbal tonics.
Gardeners appreciate Catmint for its rapid growth and ability to provide groundcover and act as an edging plant. The plant is easily propagated, and its fast growth ensures quick results. Catmint boasts lavender-blue flowers that rise gracefully from its stalks, adding charm to any garden. The plant blooms throughout early summer, offering continuous beauty compared to Catnip.
Even after the flowers have faded, Catmint retains its appeal with its attractive gray-green foliage. The leaves have a downy texture and release a pleasant aroma when brushed against.
Catmint thrives in full sun but can tolerate light shade. It prefers well-drained soil and requires minimal watering once established. Pruning the plant after the first bloom can help promote a second bloom later in the season.
Common Name: Catmint
Scientific Name: Nepeta mussinii
Growing Zones: 3 – 8
Sun: Full sun, partial shade
Soil: Well-drained
Colors: Lavender-blue
Height: 1 – 2 feet
Spread: 1 – 2 feet
Plant Type: Perennial herb
11. Coral Honeysuckle
The Coral Honeysuckle, scientifically known as Lonicera sempervirens, is a native climbing vine in the eastern regions of North America. It is highly valued for its vibrant red, tubular flowers and its ability to attract hummingbirds and butterflies.
This perennial vine blooms from late spring to early summer and occasionally produces scattered flowers throughout the year. The tubular flowers, arranged in clusters, exhibit a stunning coral-red color, though some varieties may display shades of orange or yellow. The flowers’ shape and color make them ideal for attracting hummingbirds, as the birds can easily access the nectar within.
Coral Honeysuckle grows well in full sun to partial shade and prefers well-drained soil. Once established, it is relatively drought-tolerant and can withstand dry periods. Regular pruning helps maintain its shape and encourages better flower production.
Apart from its aesthetic appeal, Coral Honeysuckle is also recognized for its ecological significance. It provides a valuable food source for hummingbirds and butterflies, while its dense foliage offers nesting sites and cover for birds.
Common Name: Coral Honeysuckle, Trumpet Honeysuckle, Woodbine
Scientific Name: Lonicera sempervirens
Growing Zones: 4 – 10
Sun: Full sun, partial shade
Soil: Well-drained
Colors: Coral-red, orange, yellow
Height: 6 – 20 feet
Spread: 3 – 6 feet
Plant Type: Perennial vine
12. Bee Balm
Bee Balm, scientifically known as Monarda, is a group of flowering plants belonging to the mint family, Lamiaceae. These herbaceous perennials are native to North America and are highly regarded for their showy, tubular flowers that attract hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies.
Bee Balm plants exhibit a profusion of blossoms in various colors, including shades of red, pink, purple, and white. The tubular flowers are arranged in dense, spherical clusters, creating a striking visual display. Each cluster may contain several dozen individual flowers, making Bee Balm a favorite nectar source for hummingbirds and other pollinators.
Apart from its floral charm, Bee Balm offers aromatic foliage that releases a pleasant fragrance when touched. The leaves are often used in herbal teas and possess medicinal properties.
Bee Balm plants prefer full sun to partial shade and thrive in moist, well-drained soil. Regular watering is essential to prevent the soil from drying out, particularly during hot summer months. Deadheading spent flowers can prolong the blooming period and promote a neater appearance. Pruning the plants in early spring helps control their growth and maintain their vigor.
Common Name: Bee Balm, Bergamot, Oswego Tea
Scientific Name: Monarda
Growing Zones: 3 – 9
Sun: Full sun, partial shade
Soil: Moist, well-drained
Colors: Red, pink, purple, white
Height: 2 – 4 feet
Spread: 1 – 3 feet
Plant Type: Perennial herb
13. Cardinal Flower
The Cardinal Flower, scientifically known as Lobelia cardinalis, is a striking perennial wildflower native to North America. It is renowned for its vibrant red flowers that resemble the bright plumage of the cardinal bird, hence its common name.
The Cardinal Flower features tall spikes adorned with tubular flowers, creating a dramatic display in gardens and natural landscapes. The intense red blooms, which typically appear from mid-summer to early fall, attract hummingbirds with their nectar-rich reservoirs. In addition to the classic red variety, cultivars with pink or white flowers can also be found.
This wildflower thrives in moist to wet soil and prefers partial shade, although it can tolerate full sun in cooler climates. The Cardinal Flower is often found in wetland areas, along stream banks, or in rain gardens. Regular watering is crucial for its survival, particularly during dry spells.
The plant’s lance-shaped leaves add to its visual appeal, forming a basal rosette at the plant’s base. Providing a habitat for the Cardinal Flower in a garden can attract a variety of wildlife, including butterflies and bees.
Common Name: Cardinal Flower
Scientific Name: Lobelia cardinalis
Growing Zones: 3 – 9
Sun: Partial shade, full sun (in cooler climates)
Soil: Moist to wet
Colors: Red, pink, white
Height: 2 – 4 feet
Spread: 1 – 2 feet
Plant Type: Perennial wildflower
14. Columbine
Columbine, scientifically known as Aquilegia, encompasses a diverse group of flowering plants native to North America, Europe, and Asia. These herbaceous perennials are valued for their unique and intricate flowers, which often display contrasting colors.
Columbine flowers feature distinctive spurred petals that give them a graceful appearance. The spurred petals extend backward, while the inner petals face forward, creating an interesting shape. The flowers can be found in a wide range of colors, including shades of red, pink, purple, blue, yellow, and white. Some varieties even exhibit bicolored or multicolored petals.
Hummingbirds are attracted to the nectar-rich flowers of Columbine, making it a popular choice for bird-friendly gardens. The flowering period generally occurs from late spring to early summer, depending on the species and variety.
Columbine plants prefer partial shade to full sun, although they tend to appreciate some protection from the hot afternoon sun. They thrive in well-drained soil and benefit from regular watering to maintain moist conditions. Deadheading spent flowers can prolong the blooming period, while regular pruning can help maintain the plant’s shape.
Common Name: Columbine
Scientific Name: Aquilegia
Growing Zones: 3 – 9 (varies by species)
Sun: Partial shade, full sun (with some afternoon shade)
Soil: Well-drained
Colors: Red, pink, purple, blue, yellow, white
Height: 1 – 3 feet
Spread: 1 – 2 feet
Plant Type: Perennial herb
15. Salvia
Salvia, a genus in the mint family Lamiaceae, encompasses a wide range of flowering plants known for their ornamental value and ability to attract hummingbirds. With hundreds of species available, Salvia offers an array of colors, sizes, and growth habits to suit various garden preferences.
The flowers of Salvia plants are typically tubular or funnel-shaped, often arranged in dense spikes or clusters. They can be found in various shades of blue, purple, red, pink, white, and even yellow. Some popular Salvia species include Salvia splendens, Salvia nemorosa, Salvia farinacea, and Salvia greggii.
Salvia flowers produce ample nectar, attracting hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies. Their long, tubular shape is well-suited for hummingbirds with their elongated bills and tongues.
Cultivating Salvia requires providing full sun to partial shade, depending on the species. The plants prefer well-drained soil and are generally drought-tolerant once established. Regular deadheading of spent flowers encourages continuous blooming and helps maintain a tidy appearance. Pruning the plants in early spring can promote compact growth and enhance their overall shape.
Common Name: Salvia
Scientific Name: Various species (e.g., Salvia splendens, Salvia nemorosa, Salvia farinacea, Salvia greggii)
Growing Zones: Varies by species (typically 4 – 9)
Sun: Full sun to partial shade
Soil: Well-drained
Colors: Blue, purple, red, pink, white, yellow
Height: Varies by species (ranging from 1 – 4 feet)
Spread: Varies by species (ranging from 1 – 3 feet)
Plant Type: Perennial herb
16. Fuchsia
Fuchsia, scientifically known as Fuchsia, is a genus of flowering plants that includes over 100 species. These attractive plants are native to Central and South America, with a few species originating from New Zealand and Tahiti.
Fuchsia flowers are renowned for their unique and elegant form. They typically feature pendulous, tubular-shaped blossoms that hang delicately from the branches. The flowers are composed of sepals and petals, often in contrasting colors, creating a stunning visual display. Fuchsia flowers can be found in shades of red, pink, purple, and white, with some varieties exhibiting bicolored or multicolored blooms.
The distinctive shape and vibrant colors of Fuchsia flowers make them highly appealing to hummingbirds. The nectar-rich blossoms provide an abundant food source for these birds.
Fuchsia plants thrive in partial shade to full shade, as they prefer cooler temperatures and protection from direct sunlight. They require well-drained soil and regular watering to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Deadheading spent flowers encourages continuous blooming, while regular pruning helps maintain a compact shape and promotes new growth.
Common Name: Fuchsia
Scientific Name: Fuchsia
Growing Zones: Varies by species (typically 7 – 10)
Sun: Partial shade to full shade
Soil: Well-drained
Colors: Red, pink, purple, white
Height: Varies by species (ranging from 1 – 6 feet)
Spread: Varies by species (ranging from 1 – 3 feet)
Plant Type: Perennial shrub
17. Penstemon
Penstemon, also known as Beardtongue, is a diverse genus of flowering plants native to North America. These herbaceous perennials are treasured for their colorful tubular flowers and ability to attract hummingbirds.
Penstemon flowers come in a wide range of colors, including shades of red, pink, purple, blue, and white. The tubular shape of the flowers, often with a slightly flared or two-lipped mouth, is ideal for hummingbirds to reach the nectar deep within.
Depending on the species, Penstemon plants can exhibit various growth habits, from compact clumps to sprawling or erect stems. They typically bloom from late spring to early summer, with some species offering additional sporadic blooms throughout the year.
Penstemon plants prefer full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. They are generally drought-tolerant once established and require minimal watering. Regular deadheading of spent flowers promotes continuous blooming and can extend the overall flowering period. Pruning the plants in early spring helps maintain their shape and encourages healthy growth.
Common Name: Penstemon, Beardtongue
Scientific Name: Penstemon
Growing Zones: Varies by species (typically 3 – 9)
Sun: Full sun to partial shade
Soil: Well-drained
Colors: Red, pink, purple, blue, white
Height: Varies by species (ranging from 1 – 4 feet)
Spread: Varies by species (ranging from 1 – 3 feet)
Plant Type: Perennial herb
18. Lantana
Lantana, scientifically known as Lantana camara, is a flowering perennial plant native to tropical regions of the Americas and Africa. It is widely cultivated for its colorful flower clusters and ability to attract hummingbirds, butterflies, and bees.
Lantana flowers grow in dense clusters known as umbels. Each umbel consists of numerous small, tubular-shaped florets that can be found in a variety of colors, including shades of red, orange, yellow, pink, and white. Some cultivars even feature multicolored flowers. The vibrant hues and abundant nectar of Lantana flowers make them irresistible to hummingbirds and other pollinators.
In addition to their ornamental value, Lantana plants are known for their tolerance to heat, drought, and poor soil conditions. They thrive in full sun and well-drained soil, although they can also tolerate partial shade. Once established, Lantana requires minimal watering and is considered a low-maintenance plant.
Regular deadheading of faded flowers promotes continuous blooming and prevents the plant from self-seeding. Pruning in early spring helps maintain a compact shape and enhances overall plant health.
Common Name: Lantana
Scientific Name: Lantana camara
Growing Zones: 8 – 11 (as perennials), can be grown as annuals in colder zones
Sun: Full sun to partial shade
Soil: Well-drained
Colors: Red, orange, yellow, pink, white (and multicolored varieties)
Height: 1 – 6 feet
Spread: 2 – 4 feet
Plant Type: Perennial (in warmer zones), Annual (in colder zones)
19. Agastache
Agastache, commonly known as Hyssop or Hummingbird Mint, is a genus of flowering plants native to North and Central America. These perennial herbs are prized for their aromatic foliage, long-lasting flowers, and their strong attraction to hummingbirds and butterflies.
Agastache flowers are tubular and arranged in dense, cylindrical spikes. They can be found in various colors, including shades of pink, purple, orange, and blue. The nectar-rich flowers and their attractive shape make Agastache an irresistible food source for hummingbirds.
Apart from their ornamental value, Agastache plants are renowned for their fragrant foliage, which emits a delightful aroma when brushed against or crushed. The leaves are often used in herbal teas, adding a unique flavor and scent.
Agastache plants prefer full sun and well-drained soil. They are drought-tolerant once established, making them suitable for xeriscaping and water-wise gardens. Regular deadheading of spent flowers can prolong the blooming period, while pruning in early spring helps maintain the plant’s shape and encourages new growth.
Common Name: Agastache, Hyssop, Hummingbird Mint
Scientific Name: Agastache
Growing Zones: Varies by species (typically 5 – 9)
Sun: Full sun
Soil: Well-drained
Colors: Pink, purple, orange, blue
Height: Varies by species (ranging from 1 – 4 feet)
Spread: Varies by species (ranging from 1 – 3 feet)
Plant Type: Perennial herb