Tennessee’s diverse weather conditions require finding resilient plants that can survive and flourish. If the temperature is too extreme, the plants may perish or fail to produce the nectar-rich flowers that attract hummingbirds. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has categorized the country into 13 plant hardiness zones based on minimum temperatures, with variations within each state. Tennessee falls within zones 5 to 8, with the majority of the state occupying zones 5 and 7. The northeastern region experiences cooler temperatures compared to the southwest.
To ensure the suitability of plants for hummingbirds in Tennessee, it’s essential to consider both the cold zones and heat zones. The American Horticultural Society has developed a plant heat-zone map indicating the average number of days with temperatures exceeding 86 degrees F. Tennessee falls within heat zones 3 to 8, with colder winters posing more challenges for certain hummingbird plants than excessive heat.
The list below comprises hummingbird-friendly plants that have been carefully selected to thrive in Tennessee’s weather conditions. It’s worth noting that plants suited for cold zones 7 or 8 may struggle to survive in the colder winters of zones 5 or 6 without appropriate protection. To attract hummingbirds in Tennessee, it is advisable to plant a variety of these flowers.
1. Nasturtiums
Nasturtiums are trailing flowers with edible qualities, making them ideal for creating hanging baskets that appeal to hummingbirds. Their rich nectar and deep, specially designed flowers make them attractive to these birds. Typically grown as annuals, they come in trailing or bush varieties. Plant the seeds outdoors after the last frosts and ensure regular watering during the growing season while removing spent flowers.
2. Zinnia
Zinnias, native to North American scrub and dry grasslands, belong to the sunflower tribe and the Asteraceae family. These flowering shrubs offer a range of petal types, including single-flowered, double-flowered, and semi-double-flowered varieties. Zinnia elegans is a popular choice, known for its tall stems, vibrant colors, and long blooming period. It attracts not only hummingbirds but also butterflies and pollinators. Plant zinnias directly in the desired location as they dislike transplantation. Provide full sun and well-draining soil for optimal growth.
3. Agastache
Agastache, also known as “hummingbird mints” or “Giant hyssops,” are aromatic herbaceous perennials native to North America. These plants have clusters of fuzzy, striking purple and red flowers that hummingbirds find irresistible. Starting them indoors in May and transplanting them into flower beds during summer is recommended. Agastache requires full sun, regular watering during establishment, and becomes drought-tolerant once mature.
4. Morning Glory
Morning glory is a collective term for over 1,000 species of flowering plants from the Convolvulaceae family. These plants feature bright and colorful blooms, fast-growing vines, and tolerance for poor and dry soils. While they open early in the morning and close in the heat of the day, some species bloom at night instead. Ipomoea purpurea, a popular variety, boasts vibrant purple, trumpet-shaped flowers that appeal to both hummingbirds and butterflies. Morning glory is an annual vine, but it may behave as a perennial in milder climates. Adequate sunlight (maximum 8 hours) and well-drained soil are crucial for their successful cultivation.
5. Impatiens
Impatiens are bright and colorful annuals that thrive in dark and shady areas, making them suitable for attracting hummingbirds in Tennessee. Moist, well-drained soil and deep shade are ideal growing conditions. Plant them in trays from nurseries and place them closely together to create dense flower mats. Collect seeds or take cuttings for propagation. Impatiens require regular watering during the growing season and prefer partial shade or shade.
6. Columbine
Columbines are excellent plants for attracting hummingbirds due to their vibrant flowers and adaptability to partial shade. These elegant perennials feature spiky, bell-shaped blooms that come in various colors. Aquilegia, the scientific name for columbines, encompasses several species. They are shade-tolerant, drought-tolerant, and resistant to deer. Sow columbine seeds directly in the ground in spring or start them indoors 6 to 8 weeks before the last frosts. Patience is required, as flowers typically appear in the second year.
7. Coneflower
Coneflower, scientifically known as Echinacea, belongs to the daisy family and features distinctive petals that point downward, resembling a cone. The most common variety, Echinacea purpurea or purple coneflower, attracts hummingbirds with its large, colorful flowers and nectar-rich central cones. Coneflowers are hardy plants, thriving in full sun and well-drained soil. They bloom profusely and entice hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies.
8. Penstemon
Penstemon, a diverse genus of flowering plants, consists of numerous ornamental species that belong to the Plantaginaceae family. These plants are often referred to as beardtongues due to their unique stamen with tufts of small hairs. Penstemon flowers bloom in early summer, forming spires of colorful tubular flowers. They are drought-tolerant, attract hummingbirds and bees, and require minimal care. Full sun exposure and lean, fast-draining soil are favorable conditions for penstemons.
9. Summersweet
Summersweet, scientifically known as Clethra alnifolia, is a flowering shrub that serves as an attractive habitat for hummingbirds in Tennessee. Its vertical spikes of white, spicy-scented flowers create a visually appealing contrast against dark green foliage. Summersweet flourishes in wetlands and along the edges of ponds and streams. Moist to wet soil, partial shade, and slightly acidic conditions are favorable for its growth. This shrub adds beauty to a garden while attracting butterflies and hummingbirds.
10. Yarrow
Yarrow, or Achillea millefolium, holds a rich history and has been associated with healing properties for centuries. This perennial plant features clusters of tiny flowers in white, yellow, pink, or red. Yarrow’s feather-like leaves add to its visual appeal. The plant’s aromatic blooms are known to attract hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies. Yarrow thrives in full sun and well-drained soil, making it an excellent choice for Tennessee gardens. It also offers medicinal benefits for various ailments.
11. Butterfly Weed
Butterfly weed, also called Pleurisy Root or Orange Milkweed, is a bushy plant with tubular flowers designed to accommodate hummingbirds’ long bills. These herbaceous perennials produce bright orange to yellow flowers in clusters atop hairy stems. Butterfly weed blooms from late spring to summer and attracts butterflies, bees, and hummingbirds. It prefers moist soil and full sun exposure. To prevent invasive growth, removing seed pods may be necessary.
12. Hydrangea
Hydrangeas are known for their huge flower heads, making them a stunning addition to shady areas. These showy plants prefer shade, especially in the afternoon, as they are not fond of hot conditions. Moist soil and regular watering, particularly in dry periods, are necessary for their well-being. Pruning can be performed after the flowers have withered in winter. Hydrangeas offer visual interest from spring to fall and can thrive in a range of colors.
13. Veronica
Veronica is a diverse genus of flowering plants with around 500 species. These herbaceous annuals or perennials are native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere. Veronicas come in various varieties, including low-growing ground covers and tall species with vertical flower spikes. They bloom in spring or summer, depending on the variety chosen. Veronicas are hardy plants that tolerate different soil types and attract hummingbirds, butterflies, and bees. They prefer full sun or partial shade and well-drained soil.
14. Bleeding Heart
Bleeding heart is a perennial plant that requires minimal maintenance and can be grown in full sun or partial shade. It produces lovely, fragrant flowers during spring and adds beauty to shady corners or hanging baskets. While the plant may die back in extreme heat, the roots remain intact, allowing it to regrow the following year. Adequate watering, keeping the soil moist but not overly wet, is crucial during the growing season. Pruning can be done once the plant starts to yellow.
15. Cardinal Flower
Cardinal flowers are herbaceous perennials with long, bright red tubular flowers that are perfectly suited for hummingbirds’ bills. These vibrant flowers bloom on terminal spikes in late summer. Cardinal flowers prefer moist soil that doesn’t dry out. When planting them in pots, it is advisable to place the pots in a tray of water that can be easily topped up. These flowers add a touch of elegance to the garden while attracting hummingbirds, butterflies, and bees.
16. Bee Balm
Bee balm, also known as Monarda, is a perennial plant with vibrant flowers that attract hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies. It features showy blooms in shades of red, pink, purple, or white. Bee balm prefers full sun to partial shade and moist, well-drained soil. It adds a pop of color to gardens and serves as a valuable nectar source for hummingbirds.
17. Trumpet Vine
Trumpet vine, scientifically known as Campsis radicans, is a vigorous climbing vine that produces large, trumpet-shaped flowers in shades of red, orange, or yellow. These vibrant flowers are irresistible to hummingbirds. Trumpet vine thrives in full sun and well-drained soil. It requires sturdy support, such as a trellis or arbor, to grow and climb.
18. Salvia
Salvia, also called sage, encompasses a wide range of flowering plants that attract hummingbirds with their colorful blooms. These perennials come in various sizes and colors, including shades of blue, purple, red, or pink. Salvia prefers full sun and well-drained soil. It requires regular watering during dry periods and benefits from deadheading to encourage continuous blooming.
19. Lantana
Lantana is a tropical flowering plant with clusters of small, vibrant flowers that are highly attractive to hummingbirds and butterflies. It comes in a wide array of colors, such as yellow, orange, pink, or purple. Lantana thrives in full sun and well-drained soil. It is heat-tolerant and drought-resistant, making it suitable for Tennessee’s hot summers.
20. Coral Honeysuckle
Coral honeysuckle, scientifically known as Lonicera sempervirens, is a twining vine native to North America. It features tubular, coral-colored flowers that hummingbirds adore. Coral honeysuckle prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It is a vigorous grower and requires a trellis or other support for climbing.
21. Red Hot Poker
Red hot poker, or Kniphofia, is a striking perennial plant with tall spikes of tubular flowers in shades of red, orange, or yellow. These fiery blooms are a favorite of hummingbirds. Red hot poker thrives in full sun and well-drained soil. It is drought-tolerant and adds vertical interest to garden landscapes.
22. Fuchsia
Fuchsia is a flowering plant with elegant, pendulous blooms in vibrant colors, such as red, pink, or purple. Its unique shape and nectar-rich flowers make it a magnet for hummingbirds. Fuchsias prefer partial shade and well-drained soil. They require regular watering and benefit from mulching to retain moisture.
23. Honeysuckle
24. Scarlet Sage
Scarlet sage, or Salvia coccinea, is a showy annual plant with vibrant red flowers that hummingbirds find irresistible. It blooms profusely from summer to fall. Scarlet sage prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It is easy to grow from seeds or transplants.
25. Penstemon digitalis
Penstemon digitalis, commonly known as foxglove beardtongue, is a native perennial with tall spikes of tubular flowers in shades of white or pink. Hummingbirds are drawn to its nectar-rich blooms. Penstemon digitalis prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It is drought-tolerant and low-maintenance.
26. Red Bee Balm
Red bee balm, or Monarda didyma, is a popular perennial plant that produces clusters of bright red flowers with a unique shape. Its vibrant blooms attract hummingbirds and butterflies. Red bee balm thrives in full sun to partial shade and moist, well-drained soil. It requires regular watering and benefits from deadheading.
27. Delphinium
Delphiniums are tall, majestic perennials that produce spikes of flowers in shades of blue, purple, pink, or white. Their attractive blooms entice hummingbirds. Delphiniums prefer full sun and well-drained soil. They benefit from staking to support their tall stems and may require protection from strong winds.
28. Painted Lady
Painted Lady (Salvia viridis), also known as clary sage, is an annual plant with colorful bracts that surround its small, tubular flowers. These bracts come in shades of pink, white, or purple and create an eye-catching display that hummingbirds appreciate. Painted Lady prefers full sun and well-drained soil. It is drought-tolerant and easy to grow from seeds.
29. Coral Bells
Coral bells, or Heuchera, are perennial plants known for their attractive foliage and delicate flowers. The bell-shaped blooms, which appear in shades of pink, red, or white, attract hummingbirds. Coral bells thrive in partial shade and well-drained soil. They are versatile and can be used as ground covers or in containers.
30. Bergamot
Bergamot, scientifically known as Monarda fistulosa, is a wildflower native to North America. It features lavender to purple flowers that hummingbirds find irresistible. Bergamot prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It is a hardy plant that tolerates various soil conditions and is often used in naturalized or wildflower gardens.
31. Black and Blue Salvia
Black and blue salvia, or Salvia guaranitica, is a stunning perennial with deep blue, tubular flowers that hummingbirds love. It blooms from summer to fall and adds a touch of drama to garden landscapes. Black and blue salvia prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It benefits from regular watering and may require support for its tall stems.
32. Four O’Clocks
Four O’Clocks, scientifically known as Mirabilis jalapa, are fragrant flowering plants with trumpet-shaped blooms in various colors, including pink, yellow, red, or white. These flowers open in the late afternoon, hence their name, and attract hummingbirds. Four O’Clocks prefer full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. They are easy to grow from seeds and can reseed themselves.
33. Snapdragon
Snapdragons, from the Antirrhinum genus, are popular annual or perennial plants known for their colorful, tubular flowers that resemble dragon mouths. They come in a wide range of colors and attract hummingbirds. Snapdragons prefer full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. Regular deadheading promotes continuous blooming.
34. Scarlet Gilia
Scarlet Gilia, scientifically known as Ipomopsis aggregata, is a wildflower native to North America. It features tall spikes of scarlet-red flowers that hummingbirds flock to. Scarlet Gilia prefers full sun and well-drained soil. It is adapted to arid conditions and is an excellent choice for xeriscaping or native plant gardens.
35. Lobelia
Lobelia is a versatile flowering plant that includes annuals, perennials, and even aquatic species. Its tubular flowers, which come in shades of blue, purple, pink, or white, are highly attractive to hummingbirds. Lobelia thrives in full sun to partial shade and moist, well-drained soil. It is often used in containers, borders, or hanging baskets.
36. Prairie Blazing Star
Prairie blazing star, or Liatris pycnostachya, is a native perennial with tall spikes of purple flowers that hummingbirds adore. Its striking blooms add vertical interest to garden landscapes. Prairie blazing star prefers full sun and well-drained soil. It is a hardy plant that thrives in prairie or meadow-like settings.
37. Scarlet Sage (Salvia coccinea)
Scarlet sage, also known as Texas sage or tropical sage, is a compact perennial with bright red flowers that attract hummingbirds. It blooms from spring to fall and thrives in full sun and well-drained soil. Scarlet sage is heat-tolerant and drought-resistant, making it suitable for Tennessee’s climate.
38. Purple Coneflower
Purple coneflower, or Echinacea purpurea, is a popular perennial with distinctive daisy-like flowers and a cone-shaped center. Its vibrant purple blooms attract hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies. Purple coneflower prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It is drought-tolerant and low-maintenance.
39. Bleeding Heart Vine
Bleeding heart vine, scientifically known as Clerodendrum thomsoniae, is a tropical vine with unique, heart-shaped red and white flowers that resemble delicate bleeding hearts. Hummingbirds are often drawn to its striking blooms. Bleeding heart vine thrives in full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It requires support, such as a trellis or arbor, for climbing.
40. Beehive Ginger
Beehive ginger, or Zingiber spectabile, is a tropical plant known for its stunning inflorescence that resembles a beehive. The bracts surrounding the flowers are typically reddish-pink, and hummingbirds are attracted to its nectar. Beehive ginger prefers partial shade and well-drained soil. It adds a touch of exotic beauty to gardens and landscapes.
41. Bottlebrush
Bottlebrush, scientifically known as Callistemon, is a shrub or small tree with unique cylindrical flower spikes that resemble bottlebrushes. These vibrant red flowers are highly attractive to hummingbirds. Bottlebrush thrives in full sun and well-drained soil. It is drought-tolerant and adds a splash of color to garden landscapes.
42. Red Buckeye
Red buckeye, or Aesculus pavia, is a deciduous tree or shrub native to the southeastern United States. It produces showy red flowers in spring that hummingbirds find irresistible. Red buckeye prefers partial shade and moist, well-drained soil. It is a low-maintenance plant that can be used as a focal point or specimen tree.
43. Turk’s Cap
Turk’s cap, scientifically known as Malvaviscus arboreus, is a perennial plant with unique, hibiscus-like flowers that are typically red and resemble a turban or cap. Its nectar-rich blooms attract hummingbirds. Turk’s cap prefers partial shade to full shade and moist, well-drained soil. It is heat-tolerant and adds a touch of tropical beauty to gardens.
44. Weigela
Weigela is a deciduous shrub known for its showy trumpet-shaped flowers that hummingbirds love. These flowers come in shades of pink, red, or white and bloom in spring or early summer. Weigela prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It is low-maintenance and adds color to garden borders or hedges.
45. Hibiscus
Hibiscus is a diverse genus of flowering plants that includes both tropical and hardy species. The large, showy flowers in shades of red, pink, orange, or yellow are irresistible to hummingbirds. Hibiscus prefers full sun to partial shade and moist, well-drained soil. Tropical hibiscus can be grown in containers and brought indoors during winter.
46. Scarlet Trumpet Honeysuckle
Scarlet trumpet honeysuckle, or Lonicera sempervirens, is a vigorous vine native to North America. It produces clusters of scarlet-red, trumpet-shaped flowers that hummingbirds find irresistible. Scarlet trumpet honeysuckle thrives in full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It requires support for climbing, such as a trellis or fence.
47. Impatiens
Impatiens, commonly known as busy Lizzies, are popular annual plants known for their colorful flowers and ability to attract hummingbirds. They come in a wide range of colors, including shades of red, pink, orange, white, or purple. Impatiens prefer partial shade to full shade and moist, well-drained soil. They are often used in containers or as bedding plants.
48. Cardinal Flower
Cardinal flower, or Lobelia cardinalis, is a native perennial with vibrant red flowers that hummingbirds flock to. Its tall spikes of blooms add vertical interest to garden landscapes. Cardinal flower prefers partial shade to full sun and moist, well-drained soil. It is often found in wetland or bog gardens.
49. Mexican Sunflower
Mexican sunflower, scientifically known as Tithonia rotundifolia, is a heat-loving annual plant with bright orange or red flowers that attract hummingbirds and butterflies. Its showy blooms resemble smaller versions of sunflowers. Mexican sunflower thrives in full sun and well-drained soil. It is drought-tolerant and adds a burst of color to summer gardens.
50. Agastache
Agastache, also called hyssop or hummingbird mint, is a group of perennial herbs with aromatic foliage and spikes of tubular flowers that hummingbirds love. These flowers come in various colors, such as purple, pink, orange, or blue. Agastache prefers full sun and well-drained soil. It is drought-tolerant and adds beauty and fragrance to garden landscapes.
51. Firebush
Firebush, scientifically known as Hamelia patens, is a tropical shrub that produces clusters of tubular, orange-red flowers that are highly attractive to hummingbirds. Its vibrant blooms appear throughout the summer and attract other pollinators as well. Firebush thrives in full sun and well-drained soil. It can be grown as a shrub or pruned into a small tree-like form.