In West Virginia, there exists a plethora of plants that attract hummingbirds. However, it’s crucial to find plants that can survive and thrive in the specific weather conditions of the region. If the temperatures are excessively hot or cold, these plants may perish or fail to produce enough flowers to provide nectar for hummingbirds.
To determine the suitability of plants for West Virginia, the USDA plant hardiness zone map is utilized. This map divides the United States into 13 zones based on the average minimum temperature. Each state also consists of different zones. Different plants thrive in specific zones and can tolerate minimum temperatures, but they may not survive if it becomes too cold.
In West Virginia, summers are hot while winters are cold. The majority of the state falls within plant hardiness zones 6 and 7, but there is a cooler zone 8 in the mid-eastern area.
To account for high temperatures, the American Horticultural Society developed the plant heat-zone map. This map showcases the average number of days in an area with temperatures exceeding 86 degrees Fahrenheit.
In West Virginia, the plant heat zone map designates the state as zones 2 to 7. Thus, it is the cold winters that primarily impact the growth of hummingbird plants suitable for this region.
To ensure optimal growth, all the plants recommended for hummingbirds in West Virginia have been carefully selected based on their compatibility with the cold and heat zones in the state. These plants not only possess stunning nectar-rich flowers that hummingbirds adore but also thrive in the unique weather conditions found in West Virginia.
It is worth noting that plants listed for cold zones 6-7 may not survive the colder winters in zone 5 of West Virginia without adequate protection. Therefore, it is advisable to plant as many of these flowers as possible to attract hummingbirds successfully in West Virginia.
Here are some remarkable hummingbird plants suitable for West Virginia:
1. Nasturtiums
These trailing edible flowers, scientifically known as Tropaeolum, are ideal for creating hanging baskets that attract hummingbirds due to their rich nectar and unique deep flowers. They are typically grown as annuals and come in both trailing and bush types. Planting the seeds right after the last frosts outdoors is recommended, along with regular watering during the growing season and deadheading.
2. Zinnia
Zinnias are flowering shrubs native to North America, specifically the scrub and dry grasslands. Belonging to the sunflower tribe, Heliantheae, and the Asteraceae family, they exhibit three main types based on their petals. Single-flowered zinnias have a visible center with a single row of petals, while double-flowered zinnias lack a visible center and have numerous rows of petals. Semi-double-flowered zinnias possess visible centers and multiple rows of petals. Zinnia elegans, a classic variety with tall stems and vibrant colors, is particularly popular for backyards and gardens. These plants, reaching up to 4 feet tall, feature brilliant-colored flowers, a long blooming period from early summer to frost, and attract various pollinators such as butterflies and hummingbirds. Growing zinnias requires direct planting in the desired location, as they do not transplant well. Once established under full sun and well-drained soil, these plants provide a long-lasting display of vibrant blooms.
3. Agastache
Agastache, also known as “hummingbird mints” and “Giant hyssops,” are aromatic herbaceous perennials. With approximately 22 species, most native to North America, these plants are popular among hummingbirds and can even be used to make herbal tea. Agastache flowers stand out due to their elongated shape, composed of numerous tiny flowers clustered together, resulting in a fuzzy appearance. Their striking purple and red colors act as magnets for hummingbirds, especially when they bloom during the summer. Starting Agastache plants indoors in May and later transplanting them into flower beds during the summer is recommended. While establishing themselves, they require full sun and regular watering. However, once they have taken root, they become drought-tolerant and resilient, requiring minimal intervention. These desert plants are capable of withstanding scorching hot days and do not require excessive watering to thrive.
4. Morning Glory
Morning Glory plants belong to the Convolvulaceae family and encompass over 1,000 species. They derive their name from the flowers’ behavior, opening early in the morning and closing during the heat of the day. However, some Morning Glory species bloom at night instead, like Ipomoea alba. These vibrant flowers, characterized by bright and colorful blooms, fast-growing vines, and bright green foliage, are known for their tolerance of poor and dry soils. Often twined around arbors or allowed to crawl along house exteriors with a trellis, Morning Glory species, such as Ipomoea purpurea, can attract hummingbirds with their bright purple, trumpet-shaped flowers and heart-shaped leaves. These plants bloom from early summer to early fall. Morning Glory is an annual vine that can be considered a perennial in milder climates. They require full sun exposure, up to 8 hours daily, for optimal blooming. Care should be taken to prevent the fast-growing vines from becoming invasive, and their seeds are toxic if ingested, necessitating caution around children and pets.
5. Impatiens
Impatiens are bright and colorful annuals that excel at brightening up shaded areas while also attracting hummingbirds. These plants thrive in moist, well-draining soil and are particularly well-suited for deep shade environments. Planting them in hanging baskets on porches can also yield excellent results. Impatiens are commonly grown from tray-bought plants, which are then planted closely together to create dense mats of flowers and leaves. Seeds can also be collected from the plants and sown indoors 10 weeks before the last frost, as they take a significant amount of time to flower. Cuttings can be taken in the fall and grown indoors until the frost has passed.
6. Columbine
Columbines, also known as Aquilegia, are highly regarded as one of the best plant choices for attracting hummingbirds. These elegant perennial plants produce spiky, bell-shaped blooms that range from 3 to 6 inches in length. They thrive in partial shade and come in a variety of vibrant colors. Columbines are shade-tolerant, drought-tolerant, and resistant to deer. Sowing Columbine seeds directly in the ground during spring is recommended, as they have the potential to self-seed if left after the flowering season. Alternatively, seeds can be sown indoors 6 to 8 weeks before the last frost. It’s important to note that seed-grown plants typically do not flower until their second year.
7. Coneflower
Coneflower, scientifically known as Echinacea, is a common name for various species of flowering plants belonging to the Asteraceae family. These plants are recognized for their distinctive central cone, which resembles a sea urchin. With ten different species, Coneflowers are known for their downward-pointing petals, giving them a cone-like shape when the central flower head opens. Echinacea purpurea, commonly referred to as the purple coneflower, is a popular choice for backyard gardens due to its large, brightly colored flowers. These coneflowers reach a height of 2 to 5 feet and come in various colors such as white, yellow, orange, pink, red, purple, and green. They thrive in full sun and prefer well-drained soil. Coneflowers, particularly the red and purple varieties, are highly attractive to hummingbirds and other pollinators due to their nectar-rich central cones.
8. Penstemon
Penstemon is a diverse genus consisting of over 250 ornamental flowering plants. Commonly known as Beardtongue, these plants belong to the Plantaginaceae family and often bear tufts of small hairs on their pollen-free stamens. Penstemon flowers come in a wide variety of colors and sizes, making them a versatile choice for any backyard. They are drought-tolerant, attract hummingbirds and bees, require minimal maintenance, and brighten up outdoor spaces with their lovely blooms. These flowers typically bloom in early summer, displaying spires of colorful tubular flowers. Penstemons thrive in full sun and prefer lean, fast-draining soil. They can withstand drought but benefit from occasional watering. Choosing a Penstemon variety suited to the specific soil conditions and climate of the area will promote their longevity.
9. Summersweet
Summersweet, scientifically known as Clethra alnifolia, is a flowering shrub renowned for attracting hummingbirds to gardens. Native to eastern North America, Summersweet grows best in wetlands and along the edges of ponds and streams. This shrub features vertical spikes of fragrant white flowers against dark green foliage. Its green leaves turn yellow or gold in autumn, adding further visual interest. Summersweet flowers bloom from July to August, with clusters of 2 to 6-inch-long blossoms in white or pink. Their fragrance and nectar-rich blooms make them highly appealing to butterflies and hummingbirds. Summersweet prefers moist to wet soil and shade conditions. It can tolerate salty air and benefits from regular watering. Pruning old branches during spring encourages new growth and helps maintain the shrub’s shape.
10. Yarrow
Yarrow, scientifically known as Achillea millefolium, is a flowering plant with an interesting history. Its name stems from its use in treating wounds, as it was believed to have been used by the Greek hero Achilles. Yarrow is also known for its feather-like leaves, which appear divided into countless tiny leaflets. These dainty plants produce clusters of small flowers in white, yellow, pink, or red, depending on the variety. Yarrow is appealing to hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies. Growing Yarrow is relatively easy, as it thrives in full sun and well-draining soil. It displays its beautiful, aromatic flowers throughout the spring and summer months. Apart from its ornamental value, Yarrow has been used for various medicinal purposes, including the treatment of wounds, burns, colds, fevers, and headaches.
11. Butterfly Weed
Butterfly Weed, scientifically known as Asclepias tuberosa, is a bushy and showy plant. It is also referred to as Pleurisy Root due to its historical use as a medicinal plant for treating pleurisy and other respiratory diseases. Despite its name, Butterfly Weed does not belong to the Milkweed family but instead to the Apocynaceae family. It features vibrant orange flowers that are specifically designed to attract hummingbirds, butterflies, and bees. Butterfly Weed flowers grow in clusters atop thick, hairy stems surrounded by lush green foliage. Their blooming season extends from late spring to summer, and they may self-seed if not controlled. These plants thrive in full sun and well-drained soil. While they take time to mature and flower, they require minimal maintenance once established. By planting Butterfly Weed, you can contribute to the preservation of monarch butterflies, as they relyon milkweed plants as their host plant.
These are just a few examples of hummingbird plants suitable for West Virginia. By incorporating these plants into your garden or landscape, you can create an inviting habitat for hummingbirds and enjoy the beauty and wonder they bring to your surroundings. Remember to consider the specific hardiness zone and heat zone of your area and choose plants accordingly.
12. Hydrangea
Hydrangeas are renowned for their large and stunning flower heads, making them a wonderful addition to shady areas of your yard. These showy plants prefer shade, especially in the afternoon, as they don’t tolerate excessive heat well. Hydrangeas thrive in moist soil, so regular watering is necessary, particularly during dry conditions. Pruning can be done after the flowers have died back in winter to maintain their shape and promote new growth. Hydrangeas provide visual interest from spring to fall and can even add beauty to your garden during the winter months.
13. Veronica
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Veronica is a diverse genus of flowering plants, with approximately 500 species. They are characterized by their attractive clusters of tiny flowers in colors such as white, pink, purple, and blue. Veronica flowers are particularly attractive to hummingbirds, butterflies, and bees due to their nectar-rich structure. These plants are relatively easy to grow, tolerating a wide range of soil conditions. They thrive in full sun but can also handle partial shade. Veronica plants require moist, well-draining soil and occasional pruning to encourage new growth. With their vibrant blooms, Veronicas can add a splash of color and attract hummingbirds to your garden.
14. Bleeding Heart
Bleeding Heart plants, scientifically known as Dicentra spectabilis, offer delicate and charming flowers that bloom in the spring and emit a sweet fragrance. These perennial plants require little maintenance and can be grown in full sun or partial shade. Bleeding Heart plants are ideal for adding beauty to shady corners or hanging baskets, where their arching stems and delicate flowers create a stunning display. While they may die back during hot weather, the roots remain dormant and allow the plant to regrow the following year. Adequate watering is crucial during the growing season to keep the soil moist but not overly wet. Once the foliage starts to yellow in the fall, pruning can be done. Bleeding Heart plants are a delightful addition to any garden, attracting hummingbirds with their elegant blooms.
15. Cardinal Flower
Cardinal flowers, scientifically known as Lobelia cardinalis, feature long, bright red tubular flowers specifically designed to attract hummingbirds with their long bills. These herbaceous perennials bloom in late summer, displaying their vibrant red flowers on terminal spikes. Cardinal flowers prefer moist soil that doesn’t dry out, making them an excellent choice for gardens with consistent moisture levels. When planting Cardinal flowers in pots, it’s beneficial to set them in a tray of water that can be easily topped up. With their striking appearance and nectar-rich blooms, Cardinal flowers are sure to catch the attention of both hummingbirds and garden enthusiasts.
16. Phlox
Phlox is a diverse genus of flowering plants that includes creeping phlox (Phlox subulata), woodland phlox (Phlox stolonifera/divaricata), and garden phlox (Phlox paniculata). These plants are known for their intensely-colored flowers, with various shades of white, pink, red, purple, and blue. Phlox flowers grow in clusters on hardy stems and emit fragrant scents. While some varieties bloom in spring, others continue flowering through the summer into fall. Phlox plants are attractive to hummingbirds and other pollinators, making them a vibrant addition to any garden. They thrive in full sun, part sun, or shade conditions, depending on the species. Well-draining soil enriched with compost promotes optimal growth. With their versatility and eye-catching blooms, phlox plants are sure to create a hummingbird-friendly environment.
17. Viburnum
Viburnum is a genus of flowering plants with over 150 species. These plants are native to various regions, including temperate North America and Southeast Asia.
Viburnum flowers attract hummingbirds, butterflies, and other pollinators with their nectar-rich, shapely blooms. They come in a range of colors, from whites and pinks to purples, blues, and even black. Most viburnums flower from early spring to late summer, with some varieties blooming in winter. These plants prefer full sun exposure for about six hours a day, although some varieties can tolerate partial shade. Well-draining soil and occasional pruning of old or broken branches are beneficial for their growth. Viburnums add fragrance, colorful flowers, and captivating foliage to your garden while attracting hummingbirds.
18. Coral Bells
Coral Bells, scientifically known as Heuchera, are perennial plants cherished for their attractive foliage and delicate flowers. These plants offer a wide array of leaf colors, ranging from green and purple to silver, bronze, and variegated patterns. Coral Bells produce tiny, bell-shaped flowers on tall stalks, attracting hummingbirds and other pollinators. They thrive in partial shade, making them ideal for shady areas in your garden. Well-draining soil is essential to prevent root rot. Regular watering and mulching help retain moisture and promote healthy growth. Coral Bells add both beauty and functionality to your garden by attracting hummingbirds and adding colorful foliage.
19. Bee Balm
Bee Balm, also known as Monarda, is a perennial plant with vibrant, tubular flowers that attract hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies. These flowers come in various shades of red, pink, purple, and white. Bee Balm blooms during the summer months, filling your garden with color and providing a nectar-rich buffet for hummingbirds. These plants thrive in full sun to partial shade and require well-draining soil. Adequate moisture is crucial to prevent drying out, particularly during hot and dry periods. Deadheading spent flowers can encourage continuous blooming. Bee Balm is not only visually appealing but also serves as a natural magnet for hummingbirds and pollinators.
20. Foxglove
Foxglove, scientifically known as Digitalis, is a tall and stately perennial plant that produces attractive bell-shaped flowers along vertical spikes. These flowers display colors such as pink, purple, white, and yellow, with spotted or speckled patterns on the interior. Foxglove blooms in late spring to early summer, drawing the attention of hummingbirds with their intricate blossoms. These plants prefer partial shade and well-drained soil. They may require staking to support their height and prevent damage from wind. Foxglove can self-seed, creating beautiful naturalized areas in your garden. However, caution should be exercised as all parts of the plant are toxic if ingested. Foxgloves add elegance and allure to any landscape while enticing hummingbirds with their distinctive flowers.
21. Lantana
Lantana is a flowering plant genus that encompasses both annual and perennial varieties. These plants produce clusters of small, tubular flowers in colors such as red, orange, yellow, pink, and purple. Lantana flowers are rich in nectar, making them highly attractive to hummingbirds and butterflies. They bloom continuously throughout the warm months, providing a reliable food source for these pollinators. Lantanas prefer full sun exposure and well-draining soil. They are drought-tolerant once established, but regular watering encourages optimal growth. Deadheading spent flowers can promote additional blooms. Lantana’s vibrant colors and long-lasting blooms make them a delightful addition to any hummingbird garden.
22. Salvia
Salvia, also known as sage, is a diverse genus of flowering plants that includes annuals, perennials, and shrubs. These plants produce spikes of tubular flowers in various colors, including shades of blue, purple, red, pink, and white. Salvia flowers are rich in nectar and highly attractive to hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies. They bloom from spring to fall, providing a continuous food source for hummingbirds. Salvia thrives in full sun and well-drained soil. Regular watering is necessary, particularly during dry spells. Pruning after flowering can help maintain the plant’s shape and encourage new growth. Salvia’s vibrant blooms and aromatic foliage make them a favorite among hummingbirds and garden enthusiasts alike.
23. Penstemon
Penstemon, also known as beardtongue, is a diverse genus of flowering plants that encompasses over 250 species. These plants produce tall spikes of tubular flowers in shades of blue, purple, pink, red, and white. Penstemon flowers are rich in nectar and attract hummingbirds and other pollinators. They bloom from late spring to early summer, adding vertical interest and vibrant color to your garden. Penstemons prefer full sun or partial shade and well-drained soil. They are relatively drought-tolerant once established but benefit from occasional deep watering. Deadheading spent flowers can extend the blooming period. With their attractive flowers and ability to draw hummingbirds, Penstemons are a popular choice for wildlife gardens.
24. Agastache
Agastache, commonly known as hyssop or hummingbird mint, is a genus of flowering plants that includes both perennial and annual species. These plants produce long spikes of tubular flowers in colors such as blue, purple, pink, and orange. Agastache flowers are highly attractive to hummingbirds, butterflies, and bees due to their abundant nectar. They bloom from summer to fall, providing a late-season food source for hummingbirds before migration. Agastache thrives in full sun and well-drained soil. These plants are drought-tolerant once established but benefit from regular watering during dry periods. Deadheading spent flowers can encourage continuous blooming. Agastache’s vibrant flowers and aromatic foliage make them a perfect addition to any hummingbird-friendly garden.
25. Fuchsia
Fuchsias are ornamental shrubs or hanging plants that produce pendulous flowers in a range of colors, including pink, red, purple, and white. Fuchsia flowers are uniquely shaped, with long tubes and vibrant sepals that contrast with their inner petals. These flowers are rich in nectar and highly attractive to hummingbirds. Fuchsias bloom from spring to fall, providing a prolonged food source for these birds. These plants prefer partial shade and well-drained soil. Adequate moisture is crucial to prevent drying out, particularly during hot and dry periods. Regular pruning helps maintain their shape and encourages bushier growth. Fuchsias’ elegant and pendulous flowers make them a favorite among hummingbirds and gardeners alike.
26. Honeysuckle
Honeysuckle is a climbing vine or shrub that produces fragrant, tubular flowers in colors such as yellow, orange, pink, and white. Honeysuckle flowers are highly attractive to hummingbirds and butterflies due to their abundant nectar. They bloom from late spring to summer, providing a delightful sensory experience with their fragrance and vibrant colors. Honeysuckles prefer full sun or partial shade and well-drained soil. Regular watering is necessary, particularly during dry spells. Pruning after flowering can help maintain the plant’s shape and control its growth. Honeysuckles add vertical interest, fragrance, and vibrant blooms to your garden while attracting hummingbirds.
27. Trumpet Vine
Trumpet vine, scientifically known as Campsis radicans, is a fast-growing vine that produces large, trumpet-shaped flowers in shades of red, orange, or yellow. These flowers are specifically designed to attract hummingbirds with their shape and abundant nectar. Trumpet vines bloom from summer to fall, providing a stunning display and a reliable food source for hummingbirds. These vines prefer full sun exposure and well-drained soil. They are relatively drought-tolerant once established but benefit from regular watering during dry periods. Trumpet vines can be vigorous growers and may require pruning to keep them in check. With their showy flowers and hummingbird appeal, trumpet vines are a great addition to any garden or trellis.
28. Columbine
Columbine, scientifically known as Aquilegia, is a perennial plant that produces unique and intricate flowers with spurred petals. These flowers come in a variety of colors, including red, pink, yellow, purple, and blue. Columbine flowers are rich in nectar and attract hummingbirds and butterflies. They bloom in spring and early summer, adding charm and elegance to your garden. Columbines prefer partial shade and well-drained soil. They appreciate regular watering, particularly during dry periods. Deadheading spent flowers can promote continuous blooming and prevent self-seeding. Columbines’ distinct flowers and ability to attract hummingbirds make them a delightful choice for any garden.
29. Beebalm (Monarda didyma)
Beebalm, also known as Monarda didyma, is a perennial plant native to North America. It produces vibrant, tubular flowers in shades of red, pink, and purple. Beebalm flowers are highly attractive to hummingbirds, butterflies, and bees due to their abundant nectar. They bloom from summer to early fall, providing a prolonged food source for hummingbirds. Beebalm thrives in full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. Regular watering is necessary, particularly during dry spells. Deadheading spent flowers can encourage continuous blooming. Beebalm’s colorful and showy flowers make it a favorite among hummingbirds and gardeners.
30. Scarlet Sage (Salvia coccinea)
Scarlet Sage, also known as Salvia coccinea, is an annual plant native to North America. It produces spikes of vibrant, tubular flowers in shades of red, pink, and white. Scarlet Sage flowers are highly attractive to hummingbirds, butterflies, and bees due to their nectar-rich structure. They bloom from summer to fall, providing a reliable food source for hummingbirds. Scarlet Sage thrives in full sun and well-drained soil. Regular watering is necessary, particularly during dry periods. Deadheading spent flowers can promote continuous blooming. Scarlet Sage’s striking blooms and ability to attract hummingbirds make it a popular choice for gardens and containers.