Enormous grasshoppers, measuring around 2 to 3 inches (50 to 75 mm), are colossal insects that inhabit the world. These majestic winged creatures typically display a green or brown hue, sporting six legs and a pair of antennae. Large grasshopper species can be found across North America, with the largest among them being the lubber grasshoppers. However, does this mean they hold the title for the world’s largest grasshoppers? Dive into this article for the answer.
Grasshoppers, ancient herbivorous insects, have a prominent presence in the natural world, with some species originating from the United States. While large grasshoppers are primarily aerial creatures, utilizing their robust hind legs for leaps is also a preferred mode of locomotion. Moreover, numerous species of these substantial grasshoppers can transform into destructive pests, voraciously devouring vegetation and plant leaves. This behavior is especially notable in locusts, which are large grasshoppers known to decimate crops.
This informative piece serves as a comprehensive guide to identifying the largest grasshoppers one may encounter. Accompanied by vivid imagery, detailed descriptions elucidate the insects’ behavior, habitat, and physical appearance, aiding readers in recognizing these colossal creatures.
The Pinnacle of Grasshopper Gigantism
At the forefront of grasshopper dimensions stands the hedge grasshopper (Valanga irregularis), measuring an astonishing 3 inches (75 mm) in length. It has been reported that these giant grasshoppers can even reach up to 3.5 inches (90 mm). Originating from Australia, the hedge grasshopper exhibits a body color ranging from brownish to tan, albeit with some variations.
The eastern lubber grasshopper takes the crown for the largest grasshopper species in the United States, measuring just under 3 inches (80 mm). Apart from its notable size, this unique grasshopper boasts distinctive red, yellow, and green pigmentation, making it easily distinguishable within gardens and grasslands.
Slightly smaller in size, the black western lubber grasshopper measures 2.75 inches (70 mm).
Identifying the Giants
Identifying large grasshoppers primarily revolves around observing the distinct shape of their robust hind legs when they are at rest. These grasshoppers possess elongated, slender bodies, consisting of a head positioned at a vertical angle to their thorax and abdomen. Differentiating grasshopper species becomes possible by examining the patterns or markings present on their wings and bodies.
When identifying grasshoppers, it is crucial to bear in mind that there can be significant variations in coloration within individual species. For instance, the large western horse lubber grasshopper in northern regions appears shiny black with yellow wing patterns. However, in the southern areas, they are predominantly yellow. Additionally, female grasshoppers tend to be larger than their male counterparts.
Audible clues can also aid in grasshopper identification, as they produce distinctive ticking or clicking noises. While humans may struggle to distinguish between these grasshopper “songs,” each species possesses its unique noise pattern.
Grasshoppers generally possess distinguishable characteristics that set them apart from other insects inhabiting gardens. However, it is worth noting that there are some insect species, such as crickets and katydids, which bear resemblances to grasshoppers. Certain cricket and katydid species exhibit hind legs with a similar ‘V’ shape and wings resembling those of typical grasshoppers.
The Realm of Giant Grasshoppers
Species of grasshoppers encompass a broad range of winged insects, characterized by their remarkable jumping abilities. Their sizes can vary greatly, ranging from tiny insects measuring a few millimeters to massive
creatures spanning several inches in length. This article showcases 14 species of large grasshoppers, commencing with the hedge grasshopper, the world’s largest.
1. Hedge Grasshopper (Valanga irregularis)
Dwelling in the spotlight as the largest grasshopper worldwide, the hedge grasshopper, commonly known as the giant grasshopper, dominates the suborder Caelifera. Exhibiting a creamy-brown to dark brown body, this gargantuan insect measures 3 inches (75 mm) in length, with males slightly smaller at 2.1 inches (55 mm). Active during spring and fall in northern Australia, these colossal grasshoppers possess dark brown, slightly mottled wings, a brown thorax adorned with yellow stripes, a brown head, and short, straight antennae. Their brown and yellow hind legs feature orange pegs, although variations in coloration range from creamy-brown to grayish-green. Some individuals of this massive grasshopper species have been documented growing up to 3.5 inches (90 mm). Although they primarily feed on various oriental shrubs and palm trees, their impact remains insufficient to classify them as pests. Furthermore, hedge grasshoppers do not exhibit swarming behavior.
2. Chinese Grasshopper (Acrida cinerea)
The oriental long-headed grasshopper, also referred to as the Chinese grasshopper, is another example of a colossal grasshopper species. These long, brown insects boast a predominantly pale brown color with creamy-yellow and brown markings adorning their wings, thorax, and head. Their distinctively elongated heads set them apart from typical grasshoppers. Measuring between 2.8 and 3.1 inches (70-80 mm) in length, with males ranging from 1.6 to 2.0 inches (40-50 mm), these grasshoppers possess relatively slender legs that allow them to execute impressive leaps. Unlike most other grasshoppers, Chinese grasshoppers lack the stridulatory organs on their legs responsible for producing clicking noises while in motion.
3. Eastern Lubber Grasshopper (Romalea microptera)
Distinguished by its vibrant patterns, the eastern lubber grasshopper ranks among the largest grasshoppers native to North America. Its easily identifiable characteristics include bright orange, red, and black markings, orange legs, and small eyes. Spanning from Florida to the southern, eastern, and central United States, these giant grasshoppers reach lengths of 2.5 to 3 inches (64-71 mm). Despite being winged insects, their wings are too diminutive for flight, necessitating the use of their hind legs as springs. Referred to as the Florida lubber grasshopper in the Sunshine State, this species sports black hues with yellow or red stripes. It goes by various other names such as black diablo, giant locust (despite the inability to fly), devil’s horse, or graveyard grasshopper.
4. Western Horse Lubber Grasshopper (Taeniopoda eques)
Native to the United States, the western horse lubber grasshopper stands out with its captivating appearance. Displaying an overall black coloration with finely veined wing patterns, this easily recognizable grasshopper possesses a dark brown thoracic region adorned with yellow edges, a yellow and brown head, and yellow antennae. As one of the largest grasshoppers in the country, it reaches a length of 2.75 inches (70 mm), with males being notably smaller. The large females can weigh up to 0.32 ounces (9 g), roughly equivalent to the weight of a small mouse. Similar to the eastern lubber, this black grasshopper lacks the ability to fly. Western horse lubbers inhabit regions in Texas, New Mexico, and southern Arizona, feasting on low-growing summer annuals, including leaves, flowers, seed pods, as well as small insects and invertebrates. In certain southern areas, some individuals of this species boast yellow coloration.
5. Gray Bird Grasshopper (Schistocerca nitens)
Residing primarily in the southwestern United States, the gray bird grasshopper constitutes a notable species of short-horned grasshopper. With gray, black, and white mottled patterns, this large flying insect functions as a destructive pest. Its pointed yellow antennae serve as a distinctive feature, setting it apart from the desert locust, which is a close relative but does not exhibit swarming behavior. Growing between 1.57 and 2.75 inches (40-70 mm) in length, with males measuring up to 2 inches (50 mm), these grasshoppers pose a nuisance in gardens, capable of ravaging the vegetation of numerous ornamental and crop plants. Termed the vagrant grasshopper, their infestations in Hawaii have caused significant damage to some islands.
6. Egyptian Grasshopper (Anacridium aegyptium)
The Egyptian grasshopper, also known as the Egyptian locust, features a grayish-brown or olive-colored body with blackish spots adorning its wings, abdomen, and thorax. This relatively large grasshopper showcases black bands and creamy white patches on its hind legs, coupled with short, robust antennae and oval brown, striped eyes. Reaching lengths of up to 2.8 inches (70 mm), this colossal grasshopper ranks as the largest European grasshopper species. Females measure between 1.8 and 2.8 inches (46-70 mm), while males range from 1.2 to 2.2 inches (30-56 mm). Although not native to North America, this enormous grasshopper species has been spotted in western regions of the United States, inhabiting shrubs, trees, and scrubland.
Varieties of Large Grasshoppers
The world of large grasshoppers encompasses a wide array of species measuring between 1 and 2 inches (25-50 mm) in length. Numerous sizable insects from North America fall under this category, and the following segment provides insights into large brown and green grasshoppers.
1. Differential Grasshopper (Melanoplus differentialis)
The differential grasshopper, a prominent large insect species found across the United States, showcases a yellowish-green body adorned with black stripes and chevron markings on its hind legs. The pale brown wings feature yellow vein-like patterns, while immature individuals display a vibrant green hue. Large female differential grasshoppers measure between 1.33 and 2.0 inches (34-50 mm) in length, with males slightly smaller, ranging from 1.1 to 1.4 inches (28-37 mm). Additional distinguishing features include short antennae, spiny hind legs, and a coloration that ranges from brownish to greenish.
2. American Grasshopper (Schistocerca americana)
The American grasshopper, also known as the American bird grasshopper, boasts a yellow-brown body with intricate dark brown and tan patterns on its wings. Its thorax features brown, tan, and white stripes, while the rear legs showcase black and white spines against a pale brown backdrop. These relatively large insects measure up to 2.2 inches (55 mm) in length, with males slightly smaller at 1.8 inches (45 mm). Immature grasshoppers can exhibit red, yellow, or green coloration with black spots, gradually transitioning to a yellowish-brown shade as they mature. Southern populations tend to have significantly darker hues. Unfortunately, these flying grasshoppers inflict considerable damage on crops such as corn, oats, peanuts, citrus trees, and sugarcane, particularly when they congregate in swarms.
3. Spotted Bird Grasshopper (Schistocerca lineata)
The spotted bird grasshopper, alternatively known as the birdwing grasshopper, showcases a large yellowish-green or olive-green body. Its hind legs are adorned with dark reddish to black coloration and prominent white spines, while long wings and longitudinal stripes grace its eyes. Additionally, most spotted bird grasshoppers feature a yellowish line running along their bodies. This species grows between 1.30 and 2.16 inches (33-55 mm) in length, with males measuring around 0.39 inches (10 mm) smaller. Commonly found in well-vegetated areas, prairies, and open woodlands throughout North America, these plant-destroying pests prefer herbaceous plants like elm trees, cotton, and maize.
4. Two-Striped Grasshopper (Melanoplus bivittatus)
The two-striped grasshopper earns its name from the two yellow stripes adorning its body. Predominantly yellowish-green and brown in color, this grasshopper also possesses reddish-brown antennae and red lower hind legs. Measuring over 2 inches (50 mm) in length, these large grasshoppers, with their distinct coloration, feed on a range of crops, particularly lentils. In addition to consuming small insects and invertebrates, they may exhibit cannibalistic tendencies when food is scarce.
5. Italian Locust (Calliptamus italicus)
The Italian locust showcases an intricate color pattern, combining shades of black and brown. These short-horned grasshoppers possess mottled brown patterns peppered with black patches, rendering them expertly camouflaged among leaves and ground debris. Measuring up to 1.57 inches (40 mm) in length, the Italian locust may also exhibit gray, reddish-brown, or pinkish-brown hues. Feeding on legumes, alfalfa, and wild plants, this species demonstrates gregarious behavior, swarming as destructive locusts.
6. Large Marsh Grasshopper (Stethophyma grossum)
The large marsh grasshopper, one of the largest grasshopper species in the United Kingdom, showcases a lime-green body with distinctive bands on its abdomen, green and yellow hind legs, dark brown to black antennae, and prominent black eyes. Measuring up to 1.5 inches (38 mm) in length, these green-hued insects typically inhabit marshes, feeding on grasses and rushes. While green and brown color variations predominate, vibrant pink individuals can also be found.
7. Leather-Colored Bird Grasshopper (Schistocerca alutacea)
The leather-colored bird grasshopper, predominantly light green in color, boasts a vertical face, yellow, brown, or black tibiae (lower part of the hindlegs), yellowish spots on its thorax, and slender yellow antennae. These large grasshoppers reach lengths of up to 2.36 inches (60 mm). Feasting on legumes, oats, and ragweed, they tend to thrive in areas where shrubs grow near water. Their native habitat spans the eastern United States, with a subspecies (Schistocerca alutacea shoshone) prevalent from Texas to California.
8. Green-Striped Grasshopper (Chortophaga viridifasciata)
The green-striped grasshopper, featuring a green body with a black band on its wings, constitutes another significant band-winged grasshopper species. These large grasshoppers are common across North America, inhabiting pastures and sunny areas. Ranging from 1.1 to 1.50 inches (28-38 mm) in length, both males and females exhibit similar sizes, although males tend to be brown while females sport a green coloration. Additionally, males possess thicker legs and larger heads.