The best periods to observe sparrows in Wyoming are during the summer or the migration seasons of spring and fall. This is when numerous sparrow species either breed within the state or pass through on their way to northern breeding grounds.
This comprehensive handbook will aid you in visually and audibly identifying all 23 sparrow species that can be found in Wyoming. Additionally, you will discover the optimal time of year to spot these birds and some intriguing facts about them.
Taking the time to familiarize yourself with these lively little songbirds, which you will frequently encounter and hear, can be an enjoyable pastime. It’s worth noting that Juncos and Towhees are also considered sparrows and are included in this guide.
Birdwatchers often refer to sparrows as “little brown jobs,” indicating that even experienced observers can find it challenging to identify them. Many sparrows possess unique head markings and engage in migratory behavior, allowing you to rule out certain species during specific times of the year. These details are included in the guide to facilitate identification.
Sparrows primarily subsist on seeds and insects, making them frequent visitors to backyard feeders. You can also explore the other bird species that regularly visit Wyoming and obtain a free identification chart.
This handbook provides accurate information on the types of regularly occurring sparrows found in Wyoming, relying on avibase classifications and data collected from ebird by dedicated birdwatchers. Thus, you can trust the real-time information provided for spotting these avian species.
Table of Contents:
When to Spot Sparrows in Wyoming
Knowing the optimal timing for spotting sparrows can significantly reduce the guesswork associated with identifying these visually similar birds. This guide categorizes the birds based on the periods when they are most likely to be observed.
Sparrows in Wyoming throughout the year:
– House Sparrow
– Dark-eyed Junco
Sparrows in Wyoming during winter:
– American Tree Sparrow
Sparrows in Wyoming during summer:
– Song Sparrow
– Chipping Sparrow
– Vesper Sparrow
– Brewer’s Sparrow
– Lark Sparrow
– Green-tailed Towhee
– Savannah Sparrow
– Spotted Towhee
– Lark Bunting
– Sagebrush Sparrow
– Grasshopper Sparrow
– Fox Sparrow
– Baird’s Sparrow
– Field Sparrow
– Black-throated Sparrow
Sparrows in Wyoming during migration:
– White-crowned Sparrow
– Lincoln’s Sparrow
– Clay-colored Sparrow
– White-throated Sparrow
– Harris’s Sparrow
Identifying Sparrow Songs
Listening to the audio recordings of sparrow songs provided in this guide can greatly assist you, especially when it comes to recognizing the more distinct song patterns. For instance, White-throated Sparrows produce long, slow notes that vary in pitch and resemble a person whistling.
Field Sparrows may be easily overlooked, but their song accelerates into a high trill, reminiscent of a bouncing ball coming to a stop.
And have you had the chance to experience the peculiar buzz of the Grasshopper Sparrow? It’s truly unique!
Sparrows in Wyoming All Year
House Sparrow
For identification, House Sparrows are a non-native species in Wyoming that can be observed year-round. They do not migrate and are present in 18% of summer checklists and 31% of winter checklists submitted by birdwatchers in the state.
House Sparrows are an introduced species that have thrived and are now one of the most common birds in North America. They have gray and brown heads with white cheeks, featuring a black bib. Their backs are black and brown, while their bellies are gray. Female House Sparrows are overall browner
in color and lack the black bib.
Passer domesticus
Length: 5.9-6.7 inches (15-17 cm)
Weight: 0.9-1.1 ounces (27-30 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-9.8 inches (19-25 cm)
House Sparrows reside year-round in the United States and southern Canada.
You can find House Sparrows near houses and buildings, and they can be quite tame, even feeding from your hand. However, their non-migratory behavior and ability to secure nesting sites ahead of native birds can pose problems for the latter.
House Sparrows predominantly feed on grain, seeds, and discarded food. While they may be considered pests due to their non-native status, they can be found in backyards even without human-provided feed.
House Sparrow sounds: Their song consists of a simple series of notes.
Credit: Olivier SWIFT, XC697951. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/697951.
House Sparrow nests are concealed in small openings in buildings, dense vegetation, or nest boxes. They are constructed from dry grass and plant materials, lined with feathers and soft materials.
They lay up to eight eggs, with the possibility of producing up to four broods per year. The eggs hatch in under two weeks, and the chicks fledge within another two weeks.
To attract House Sparrows to your backyard feeders, offer various birdseed types, including millet, corn, and sunflower seeds.
Fun fact: In addition to North America, House Sparrows have been introduced to South America, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.
Dark-eyed Junco
For identification, Dark-eyed Juncos spend winters in eastern Wyoming, but their numbers increase during the migrations in April and October. They are also observed breeding in the northwest region of the state.
They are recorded in 22% of winter checklists and 13% of summer checklists submitted by birdwatchers in Wyoming.
Dark-eyed Juncos are sparrows that display varying colors depending on their location. In the east, they are generally slate-colored, while in the west, they exhibit a combination of black, white, and brown hues.
Junco hyemalis
Length: 5.5-6.3 inches (14-16 cm)
Weight: 0.6-1.1 ounces (18-30 g)
Wingspan: 7.1-9.8 inches (18-25 cm)
Dark-eyed Juncos reside year-round in the northeastern and western US states, as well as the Appalachian Mountains. Those breeding in Canada and Alaska migrate south to the United States during winter.
You can find Dark-eyed Juncos in open and partially wooded areas, often foraging on the ground. They are widespread across the continent. Their diet mainly consists of seeds, but they will also consume some insects.
Dark-eyed Junco sounds: Their song comprises a series of rapid, high-pitched notes.
Credit: Bobby Wilcox, XC667170. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/667170.
Nests of Dark-eyed Juncos are typically located on the ground, concealed within vegetation. They are woven from plant materials and lined with grass and hair. The eggs, up to six in number, take approximately two weeks to hatch, and the young fledge in under two weeks.
To attract Dark-eyed Juncos to your backyard feeders, provide a variety of seeds such as black oil sunflower seeds, nyjer, cracked corn, millet, and peanuts. Platform feeders or scattering seeds on the ground are recommended.
Fun fact: Dark-eyed Juncos are commonly known as snowbirds due to their arrival in the United States during winter.
Sparrows in Wyoming in Summer
Song Sparrow
To identify Song Sparrows, note that they breed in Wyoming and are the third most frequently sighted sparrow species during the summer season. You can primarily spot them from April to July, although some individuals remain in the state throughout the year. They are recorded in 15% of summer checklists and 2% of winter checklists.
While Song Sparrows may not possess the striking appearance of some backyard birds, their predominantly brown-streaked plumage is accompanied by a constant and melodious song, which they utilize to attract mates during the spring and summer.
Melospiza melodia
Length: 4.7-6.7 inches (12-17 cm)
Weight: 0.4-1.9 ounces (12-53 g)
Wingspan: 7.1-9.4 inches (18-24 cm)
Song Sparrows reside year-round in the northern states of the US. Canadian breeders migrate to the southern US states for the winter season.
You can find Song Sparrows in open, shrubby, and wet areas, often perched on low shrubs while singing. They are frequent visitors to backyard feeders.
Song Sparrows have a diverse diet, consuming various insects such as beetles, caterpillars, midges, spiders, and earthworms. They also partake in buckwheat, sunflower seeds, raspberries, wild cherries, blackberries, wheat, and rice.
Song Sparrow sounds: Their song consists of a series of unconnected buzzing, trills, and notes, rather than a continuous melodious song. They also emit sharp alarm calls and chattering sounds when in groups.
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC692182. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/692182.
Nests of Song Sparrows are intricately constructed using grass and other plant materials, woven together and lined with soft grass and hair. They lay up to six eggs, which take around two weeks to hatch. The young birds leave the nest in just under two weeks.
To attract Song Sparrows to your backyard, provide black oil sunflower seeds, cracked corn, and nyjer on platform feeders.
Fun fact: A study has revealed that Song Sparrows curate their playlist of songs, ensuring they do not repeat and potentially bore potential female mates!
Chipping Sparrow
Chipping Sparrows spend their breeding season in Wyoming and are observed in 17% of summer checklists. You can spot them in the state from mid-April until October.
Characterized by their slender bodies, long tails, grayish bellies, and brown and black-streaked backs, Chipping Sparrows exhibit a rusty crown and a black eye line. Their winter plumage displays more subdued colors.
Spizella passerina
Length: 4.7-5.9 inches (12-15 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.6 ounces (11-16 g)
Wingspan: 8.3 inches (21 cm)
Chipping Sparrows breed during the summer in the US and Canada before migrating to Mexico and Florida for the winter. Some individuals remain in the southern US states throughout the year.
Chipping Sparrows can be found in small flocks on the ground, often in wooded areas and parks with trees.
Chipping Sparrow sounds: They derive their name from the sharp “chip” call they produce. Their distinct song is a stuttering trill.
Credit: Richard E. Webster, XC611297. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/611297.
Nests of Chipping Sparrows are situated off the ground, hidden in trees or shrubs, and constructed by females. These nests are
simple, composed of dry grass and small roots, lacking density.
Chipping Sparrows lay up to seven eggs per clutch and can produce up to three broods in a year. The eggs hatch within approximately two weeks, and the fledglings leave the nest in under two weeks.
To attract Chipping Sparrows to your backyard, offer seeds or cracked corn on open feeders such as hoppers or platforms.
Fun fact: A group of Chipping Sparrows is referred to as a tournament.
Vesper Sparrow
Vesper Sparrows can be sighted in Wyoming during the breeding season from April to October and are recorded in 9% of summer checklists.
Distinguished by their relatively large size, Vesper Sparrows exhibit brown backs with white streaks and white bellies.
Pooecetes gramineus
Length: 5.1-6.3 inches (13-16 cm)
Weight: 0.7-1.0 ounce (20-28 g)
Wingspan: 9.4 inches (24 cm)
Vesper Sparrows breed during the summer in the northern half of the US, southern Canada, and parts of southwestern US states. They then migrate to southern US states and Mexico for the winter.
You can find Vesper Sparrows on the ground in open grasslands, weedy fields, and meadows. Their diet primarily consists of grass and weed seeds, as well as insects and spiders.
Vesper Sparrow sounds: Males begin their song with a few low whistles followed by a series of rising and falling trills.
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC462210. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/462210.
Nests of Vesper Sparrows are built on the ground and constructed using grass, bark, and moss. They lay up to six eggs, which take up to two weeks to hatch, followed by an additional one or two weeks before the young leave the nest.
Fun fact: Male Vesper Sparrows actively pursue females with raised wings, leaping into the air while singing to capture their attention.
Brewer’s Sparrow
Brewer’s Sparrows are present in 7% of summer checklists in Wyoming and can be observed during the breeding season from April to mid-October before they migrate south for the winter.
Identifiable by their gray undersides and brown-streaked backs, Brewer’s Sparrows possess long tails with a notch at the end and small bills. They hold the distinction of being the smallest sparrow species in North America.
Spizella breweri
Length: 5.1-5.9 inches (13-15 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 ounce (11-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.1-7.9 inches (18-20 cm)
Brewer’s Sparrows breed in western US states and western Canada, migrating to southwestern US states and Mexico for the winter season. They are abundant within their range.
Brewer’s Sparrows can be found foraging for insects like caterpillars, grasshoppers, and spiders in arid sagebrush areas. During winter, they also consume seeds.
Brewer’s Sparrow sounds: Their song is a buzzing sound that often descends and slows down.
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC462031. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/462031.
Nests of Brewer’s Sparrows are constructed by females in shrubs using dry grass. They lay up to five eggs, which hatch in around eleven days, and the young birds fledge after approximately eight days.
Fun fact: Brewer’s Sparrows may be small, but they exhibit great courage by mobbing and chasing away potential nest predators.
Lark Sparrow
Lark
Sparrows breed in Wyoming and appear in 7% of summer checklists. They can be spotted in the state from mid-April until September.
These small sparrows possess distinctive features, such as a brown and white striped crown, brown-streaked back, white belly, and a brown tail with white edges.
Chondestes grammacus
Length: 5.9-6.7 inches (15-17 cm)
Weight: 0.8-1.2 ounces (24-33 g)
Wingspan: 11.0 inches (28 cm)
Lark Sparrows breed in most US states, excluding the eastern regions, as well as in certain southern Canadian provinces. They also remain year-round in some southern states, particularly along the Pacific Coast and California.
Lark Sparrows can be found in grasslands, preferring bare and open ground, although they also favor trees and pastures with scattered shrubs.
Their diet primarily consists of insects such as grasshoppers, caterpillars, and beetles during the summer season, while they rely on seeds, grasses, and weeds in winter.
Lark Sparrow sounds: The male’s song comprises a delightful series of whistles, buzzes, and churr sounds.
Credit: Peter Ward and Ken Hall, XC596715. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/596715.
Nests of Lark Sparrows are built by both male and female birds. The male initiates nest building by placing twigs, while the female takes charge of actual construction. The nests can be found on the ground, low trees, or even crevices in rocky cliffs.
Female Lark Sparrows create open cup-shaped nests using grass, weeds, animal hair, and twigs. Clutches consist of up to six eggs, which hatch in around twelve days, and the young birds leave the nest within an additional ten days.
To attract Lark Sparrows to your backyard, provide their preferred food source: seeds.
Fun fact: Male Lark Sparrows engage in a five-minute courtship dance to impress females.
Green-tailed Towhee
Green-tailed Towhees are observed in Wyoming during the breeding season from April to October and are present in 6% of summer checklists.
Among towhees, Green-tailed Towhees are relatively large sparrows, displaying gray plumage with olive-green wings, backs, and tails. They also possess a distinct red crown.
Pipilo chlorurus
Length: 7.25 inches (18.4 cm)
Weight: 0.8-1.4 ounces (21.5-39.4 g)
Green-tailed Towhees breed in western US states and migrate to southwestern US states and Mexico for the winter. They are commonly found in mountainous regions during the summer.
You can locate Green-tailed Towhees on the ground, foraging amidst dense shrubby vegetation during the summer. In winter, they can be found in desert grasslands and thickets, often near streams. Their diet includes seeds, insects, and berries.
Green-tailed Towhee sounds: Their song comprises a pleasant series of whistles and slight buzzing.
Credit: Richard E. Webster, XC575520. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/575520.
Nests of Green-tailed Towhees are situated low in dense vegetation, constructed by females using twigs, bark, and other plant materials. The nests are lined with soft grass and animal hair.
They lay up to five eggs, which hatch in just under two weeks, and the young birds leave the nest within another two weeks.
Fun fact: Female Green-tailed Towhees distract potential nest predators by quietly departing from the nest and running around with their tails raised near
the predator.
Savannah Sparrow
Savannah Sparrows spend the breeding season in Wyoming and are most frequently spotted from April to October, accounting for 5% of summer checklists.
These brown birds possess a notable yellow patch near the eye. Savannah Sparrows exhibit short tails and streaky brown plumage.
Passerculus sandwichensis
Length: 4.3-5.9 inches (11-15 cm)
Weight: 0.5-1.0 ounce (15-28 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-8.7 inches (20-22 cm)
Savannah Sparrows breed in Canada and the US before migrating to southern US states and Mexico for winter.
You can find Savannah Sparrows on the ground in open areas, particularly grasslands, where they forage for insects and spiders during the breeding season. In winter, they primarily consume seeds.
Savannah Sparrow sounds: Their song consists of a rapid, almost rushed series of notes followed by a buzzing trill.
Credit: Richard E. Webster, XC659859. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/659859.
Nests of Savannah Sparrows are located on or near the ground, constructed using grass. They lay up to six eggs, which take around two weeks to hatch, and the young birds fledge within an additional one or two weeks.
While Savannah Sparrows do not regularly visit feeders, they may occasionally appear in your yard if you maintain brush piles, allow grass to grow long, and live near fields.
Fun fact: Despite being one of the most common songbirds in North America, Savannah Sparrows are considered a threatened species by the ICUN (International Union for Conservation of Nature).
Spotted Towhee
Witnessed Towhees breed throughout October in Wyoming and are logged in about 5% of summertime checklists. During migration in May, their numbers grow, and they appear in approximately 10% of checklists.
Male Witnessed Towhees are black on the crown, throat, and back, while females are brown. Both genders have reddish-brown sides, white bellies, and white spots on their wings and back. Their long tails are also notable.
Pipilo maculatus
Size: 6.7-8.3 inches (17-21 cm)
Weight: 1.2-1.7 ounces (33-49 g)
Wingspan: 11.0 inches (28 cm)
Witnessed Towhees inhabit western states in the US. Those located inland migrate to Texas after breeding.
On the ground, Witnessed Towhees can be found amidst dense shrubs, foraging for insects like beetles, crickets, grasshoppers, caterpillars, wasps, and bees. In winter, they rely on seeds, including acorns, berries, and seeds.
Witnessed Towhee sounds: Their songs consist of short notes followed by fast trills.
Credit: Richard E. Webster, XC700650. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/700650.
Nests of Witnessed Towhees are typically found on or near the ground. They are constructed using leaves, stems, bark, and lined with softer materials. Witnessed Towhees lay up to six eggs, which hatch in around two weeks, and the young birds fledge within an additional ten days.
To attract Witnessed Towhees to your backyard, offer food sources like black oil sunflower seeds, hulled sunflower seeds, cracked corn, millet, and milo.
Fun fact: Male Witnessed Towhees spend most of their mornings singing to attract a mate.
Lark Bunting
Lark Buntings are not often encountered in Wyoming, but they breed in the plains from September to May. They are recorded in 4% of summertime checklists.
Male Lark Buntings are easily distinguishable within the sparrow family. They are black with a white wing patch. Conversely, females and non-breeding males have brown streaks but also possess white wings.
Calamospiza melanocorys
Size: 5.5-7.1 inches (14-18 cm)
Weight: 1.3-1.5 ounces (35.3-41.3 g)
Wingspan: 9.8-11.0 inches (25-28 cm)
Lark Buntings breed in central states and southern Canada and migrate to the southern Great Plains and northern Mexico for winter. However, some individuals remain in southern US states year-round.
In grasslands and prairies, you can find Lark Buntings on the ground. Their diet consists of seeds, insects, and fruit.
Lark Bunting Call/Song:
Credit: Richard E. Webster, XC185137. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/185137.
Nests of Lark Buntings are constructed by both male and female birds. They are made from grass and leaves, lined with soft grass and animal hair. Lark Buntings lay up to five eggs, which take around eleven days to hatch, and the young birds leave the nest within an additional week.
Fun fact: Male Lark Buntings sing while descending from heights during the breeding season.
Sagebrush Sparrow
Sagebrush Sparrows are rarely spotted in Wyoming, but they can be seen during the breeding season in the western region. They are present in 1% of summertime checklists.
Sage brush Sparrows are medium-sized birds, easily distinguishable from other sparrows. They have gray heads with a white patch in front of their eyes. Their backs feature streaks of dark brown, and they possess a dark-gray stripe on their throats. Their chests and bellies are white with a dark spot at the center.
Artemisiospiza nevadensis
Size: 6.25 inches (16 cm)
Weight: 0.7 ounces (20 g)
Wingspan: 8.25 inches (21 cm)
Sagebrush Sparrows are found inland in western US states. They breed in northern areas and migrate south for winter. Some individuals may remain in the middle of their range throughout the year.
You can encounter Sagebrush Sparrows among undisturbed sagebrush and other shrubs. During winter, they migrate to brushy saltbush lands and other desert-like areas.
Throughout summer, Sagebrush Sparrows consume spiders and insects like ants, grasshoppers, and beetles. They also feed on grass and weed seeds.
Sagebrush Sparrow sounds:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC147495. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/147495.
Nests of Sagebrush Sparrows are located within sagebrush or saltbush. They are built low to the ground using twigs and sticks, with a roof created by weaving surrounding stalks and an entrance on the side. Females lay three to four eggs, which hatch within sixteen days. The young birds leave the nest around eleven days after hatching.
Fun Fact: Sagebrush Sparrows return to their successful breeding sites every year.
Grasshopper Sparrow
Grasshopper Sparrows are rarely spotted in Wyoming, but they can be seen in the state from May to September, particularly in the east.
Grasshopper Sparrows are small birds with light and dark brown streaks and a distinctive orange or yellow stripe above their eyes. They possess short tails, large bills, and pale bellies.
Ammodramus savannarum
Size: 4.3-4.5 inches (10.8-11.5 cm)
Weight: 0.5-0.7 ounces (14-20 g)
Wingspan: 7.9 inches (20 cm)
Grasshopper Sparrows breed in central and eastern US states, California’s coast, and parts of northwestern US states. They spend winter in southeastern US states, Mexico, and the Caribbean.
You can find Grasshopper Sparrows on the ground in grasslands, prairies, and other open areas, where they hunt for grasshoppers, insects, and spiders. In winter, they primarily feed on fallen seeds.
Grasshopper Sparrow sounds: The buzzy insect-like song of the Grasshopper Sparrow is how they obtained their name.
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC601033. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/601033.
Nests of Grasshopper Sparrows are built in vegetation close to the ground. They are constructed using grasses and plant materials, with surrounding twigs used to fortify the nest’s walls.
Grasshopper Sparrows lay up to seven eggs, typically four times during the breeding season. The eggs take about two weeks to hatch, and the young birds leave the nest within a week or so.
Fun Fact: Grasshopper Sparrows vigorously shake their grasshopper prey to remove the large legs, making it easier to feed the bodies to their young.
Fox Sparrow
While not commonly found, Fox Sparrows are mainly observed during the breeding season in western Wyoming.
Fox Sparrows are appropriately named due to their fox-red coloring, although some species may appear more gray or dark
brown. They exhibit reddish streaks, particularly noticeable on their chests. Compared to other sparrows, they have a chunkier build.
There are four distinct variations of Fox Sparrows based on color and appearance. Red Fox Sparrows are found in eastern regions, while darker “sooty” Fox Sparrows inhabit the Pacific Coast. Thick-billed Fox Sparrows are found in California, and Slate-colored Fox Sparrows are located in western US states.
Passerella iliaca
Size: 5.9-7.5 inches (15-19 cm)
Weight: 0.9-1.6 ounces (26-44 g)
Wingspan: 10.5-11.4 inches (26.7-29 cm)
Fox Sparrows migrate and breed in the northern and western regions of Canada, Alaska, and down to California in the western US.
During winter, they reside in southeastern US states and along the Pacific coast. Some individuals remain year-round on Canada’s Pacific coast, and they can be observed during migration in central and northeastern US states.
Fox Sparrows can be found in wooded areas, undergrowth, and brush. In winter, they migrate to similar areas, including well-vegetated suburbs and parks. They are often seen kicking up leaf litter in search of ground-based food.
Insects and seeds are staples in the Fox Sparrows’ diet. Additionally, if near the beach, they may consume berries, grasses, crustaceans, and marine animals.
Fox Sparrow sounds: Males produce a pleasant series of whistles and buzzy notes.
Credit: Martin St-Michel, XC467711. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/467711.
Nests of Fox Sparrows are hidden under dense, low shrubs or occasionally in low trees, no higher than eight feet from the ground. The nest is covered with grass, weeds, and moss, with a lining of dry grass. For above-ground nests, twigs are used to reinforce the nest walls.
Fox Sparrows lay two to five eggs, which take approximately two weeks to hatch. The young birds may leave the nest within eleven days of hatching.
To attract Fox Sparrows to your backyard, provide small seeds, berries, and low native shrubs.
Fun fact: Female Fox Sparrows are remarkably efficient nest builders, completing a nest from sunrise to dusk.
Baird’s Sparrow
Baird’s Sparrows are exceptionally rare to find in Wyoming, but they can be observed in the plains during the breeding season, spanning from May to September.
Baird’s Sparrows are medium-sized birds with yellowish-brown plumage. They possess narrow brown streaks on their throats, resembling a necklace.
Their heads feature a central dark brown stripe, and their backs exhibit light and dark brown stripes. Their bellies are either yellowish or white. Males and females have similar appearances, while juveniles are paler in color.
Centronyx bairdii
Size: 5.5 inches (14 cm)
Weight: 0.8 ounces (23 g)
Wingspan: 8.5 inches (22 cm)
Baird’s Sparrows breed in the northern Great Plains and migrate south for winter to northern Mexico and the southwestern United States.
You can find Baird’s Sparrows in tall grass prairies or mixed grass prairies. Due to habitat loss, they can also be spotted in ungrazed pastures, grasslands, and agricultural fields.
Baird’s Sparrows remain low to the ground while foraging. They typically walk or hop between grass clumps to collect seeds and insects.
Baird’s Sparrow song:
Credit: Richard E. Webster, XC186363. Available at www
.xeno-canto.org/186363.
Nests of Baird’s Sparrows are situated on the ground, often concealed beneath clumps of grass. The nest is built using grass and stems, with a lining of fine grass and rootlets. The female lays three to five eggs, which hatch in around two weeks. The young birds leave the nest within another two weeks.
Fun Fact: Baird’s Sparrows are known for their secretive nature and cryptic coloration, making them challenging to spot.
While these sparrows are not commonly encountered in Wyoming, they add diversity to the bird population during the breeding season. If you’re interested in observing them, keep an eye out for suitable habitats and be patient, as they may be elusive.
Grasshopper Sparrow
Grasshopper Sparrows are infrequently sighted in Wyoming, but they can be observed in the state between May and September, primarily in the eastern regions.
Grasshopper Sparrows are small birds with light and dark brown streaks on their plumage and a distinctive orange or yellow stripe above their eyes. They possess short tails, large bills, and pale bellies.
Ammodramus savannarum
Size: 4.3-4.5 inches (10.8-11.5 cm)
Weight: 0.5-0.7 ounces (14-20 g)
Wingspan: 7.9 inches (20 cm)
Grasshopper Sparrows breed in central and eastern US states, along California’s coast, and parts of northwestern US states. During winter, they migrate to southeastern US states, Mexico, and the Caribbean.
You can find Grasshopper Sparrows foraging on the ground in grasslands, prairies, and other open areas, where they hunt for grasshoppers, insects, and spiders. In winter, their diet primarily consists of fallen seeds.
Grasshopper Sparrow sounds: Their song resembles the buzzing sound of an insect, from which they derive their name.
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC601033. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/601033.
Nests of Grasshopper Sparrows are situated on the ground within vegetation. They are constructed using grasses and plant material, with surrounding stalks interwoven to form a roof. The entrance is typically located on the side.
They lay up to seven eggs, with four broods during the breeding season. The incubation period lasts around two weeks, and the young birds fledge within a week or so.
Fun Fact: Grasshopper Sparrows vigorously shake their grasshopper prey to remove their large legs before feeding the bodies to their offspring.
Fox Sparrow, Baird’s Sparrow, Grasshopper Sparrow, and other sparrows contribute to the diversity of avian species in Wyoming. While they may not be as commonly observed as other birds, encountering these unique sparrows can be a rewarding experience for bird enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.
Fox Sparrow
Although sightings of Fox Sparrows in Wyoming are extremely rare, they can occasionally be spotted during the breeding season in western parts of the state.
The Fox Sparrow derives its name from its distinct fox-red coloration, although some individuals may appear more gray or dark brown. They have reddish streaks, particularly noticeable on their chests. Compared to other sparrows, they have a chunkier appearance.
There are four different color variations within the Fox Sparrow species. The Red Fox Sparrows are found in eastern areas, while the darker “sooty” Fox Sparrows inhabit the Pacific Coast. Thick-billed Fox Sparrows can be found in California, and Slate-colored Fox Sparrows reside in western US states.
Passerella iliaca
Size: 5.9-7.5 inches (15-19 cm)
Weight: 0.9-1.6 ounces (26-44 g)
Wingspan: 10.5-11.4 inches (26.7-29 cm)
Fox Sparrows breed in the northern and western regions of Canada, Alaska, and extend as far south as California in the western US.
During winter, they migrate to southeastern US states and along the Pacific coast. Some individuals remain in Canada’s Pacific coast throughout the year, while others can be observed during migration in central and northeastern US states.
You can find Fox Sparrows in wooded areas, undergrowth, and brush. In winter, they may even venture into well-vegetated suburbs and parks. They are known for their characteristic behavior of kicking up leaf litter in search of ground-dwelling food.
Fox Sparrows have a diverse diet, primarily consisting of insects, seeds, berries, grasses, and even crustaceans and marine animals if they reside near the beach.
Fox Sparrow sounds: Male Fox Sparrows sing a pleasant series of whistles while in flight during the breeding season.
Credit: Martin St-Michel, XC467711. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/467711.
Nests of Fox Sparrows are concealed beneath dense, low shrubs or occasionally built in low trees, not exceeding eight feet above the ground. The nests are composed of grass, weeds, moss, and are lined with dry grass. For above-ground nests, twigs are incorporated to reinforce the walls.
They lay two to five eggs, which hatch within approximately two weeks. The young birds leave the nest around eleven days after hatching.
Attracting Fox Sparrows to your backyard can be achieved by providing small seeds, berries, and low native shrubs.
Fun Fact: Female Fox Sparrows are known for their remarkable nest-building speed. They can start constructing a nest at sunrise and complete it by dusk!
Field Sparrow
Field Sparrows are rarely observed in Wyoming, but they can be seen in the state from May to mid-October, predominantly in the northeast regions.
Field Sparrows are small, slender birds with brown backs streaked with black. They possess gray undersides, including their heads, and display a reddish crown and pink bill.
Spizella pusilla
Size: 4.7-5.9 inches (12-15 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 ounces (11-15 g)
Wingspan: 7.9 inches (20 cm)
Field Sparrows are year-round residents in eastern US states, but those breeding in the Midwest migrate south for winter.
During the breeding season, Field Sparrows can be found perched on branches, singing their melodious songs in the early mornings, making them easier to spot. Otherwise, they quietly forage on weeds and seeds, often going unnoticed as they prefer abandoned fields and tend to be shy.
Field Sparrow sounds: Their song consists of a few slow notes followed by a rapid trill.
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC601031. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/601031.
Nests of Field Sparrows are constructed on or close to the ground. As the breeding season progresses, nests are built progressively higher. They are made from grass and lined with softer materials like grass and animal hair. Field Sparrows lay up to five eggs, which take around two weeks to hatch. The young birds fledge within approximately one week.
Attracting Field Sparrows to your backyard can be accomplished by offering cracked corn, hulled sunflower seeds, and millet.
Fun Fact: The song of Field Sparrows is often likened to the sound of a bouncing ball coming to a stop.
These sparrows, including the Black-throated Sparrow, Sagebrush Sparrow, and Lark Bunting, contribute to the rich tapestry of avian life in Wyoming. Although they may be less commonly sighted, their unique characteristics and behaviors make them fascinating subjects for bird enthusiasts and nature lovers.
Black-throated Sparrow
Black-throated Sparrows are extremely rare to find in Wyoming, but there have been a few recorded sightings during the breeding season. These sparrows can be spotted in the plains from May to September.
Black-throated Sparrows have distinct features, including a black throat and two bright white stripes on each side of their gray heads. Their bodies are pale underneath with a grayish-brown back.
Amphispiza bilineata
Size: 4.7-5.5 inches (12-14 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 ounces (11-15 g)
Wingspan: 7.7 inches (19.5 cm)
Black-throated Sparrows primarily inhabit southwestern US states. While some individuals from northern regions migrate, those in the southern parts and Mexico remain in their territories year-round.
You can find Black-throated Sparrows in open areas such as canyons and desert scrub. They forage on the ground, feeding on insects during summer and fallen seeds during winter.
Black-throated Sparrow sounds: The male’s song consists of a mix of low notes, followed by a buzz and then a trill. Once familiar with their song, it becomes quite distinctive.
Credit: Richard E. Webster, XC677434. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/677434.
Nests of Black-throated Sparrows are usually low in shrubs or on the ground, concealed within the vegetation. They are constructed using twigs and grasses, and the interior is lined with grass and weeds.
Black-throated Sparrows lay up to five eggs, which take about two weeks to hatch. After approximately ten days, the young birds leave the nest.
Attracting Black-throated Sparrows to your backyard can be done by providing black oil sunflower seeds, as they are known to feed on them.
Fun Fact: Black-throated Sparrows rely on the insects they eat for moisture during the hot desert summer, avoiding the need to drink water directly.
Sparrows in Wyoming during Migration
White-crowned Sparrow
White-crowned Sparrows are mainly observed in Wyoming during the spring and fall migrations. In May and from September to October, they occur in approximately 1% of checklists.
White-crowned Sparrows are large, grayish sparrows with long tails, small bills, and striking black and white stripes on their heads.
Zonotrichia leucophrys
Size: 6.3-7.1 inches (16-18 cm)
Weight: 0.8-1.1 ounces (22-32 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-9.1 inches (20-23 cm)
White-crowned Sparrows breed primarily in Canada before migrating south for winter to eastern and southern US states, as well as the Pacific Coast.
You can find White-crowned Sparrows in forests, woods, and along the edges of wooded areas, often in large flocks.
White-crowned Sparrows have a varied diet, primarily consisting of grass and weed seeds. They also consume fruits like grapes, sumac, mountain ash, blueberries, blackberries, and dogwood. In the summer, they feed on a variety of forest floor insects.
White-crowned Sparrow sounds: The males’ song is a clear whistle followed by a series of chaotic whistles and ending with a buzz. Females rarely call or sing.
Credit: Peter Ward and Ken Hall, XC598448. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/598448.
Nests of White-crowned Sparrows are constructed by females, usually on or near the ground within dense vegetation. The nests are
made of moss, twigs, and lined with softer materials such as grass and animal hair.
White-crowned Sparrows lay up to six eggs, which take around two weeks to hatch. The young birds fledge within one to two weeks.
Attracting White-crowned Sparrows to your backyard can be done by providing millet and black oil sunflower seeds on platform feeders.
Fun Fact: White-throated Sparrows always mate with individuals displaying the opposite color morph, either tan-striped or white-striped heads.
Harris’s Sparrow
Harris’s Sparrows are considered near-threatened species. They can be spotted during the spring and fall migrations in eastern Wyoming.
Harris’s Sparrows are distinctive with their black faces and bibs, which are darker in adults than in juveniles. They also have brown-streaked bodies, pale bellies, and pink bills. Breeding adults have gray heads, while non-breeding adults display brown heads.
Zonotrichia querula
Size: 6.7-7.9 inches (17-20 cm)
Weight: 0.9-1.7 ounces (26-49 g)
Wingspan: 10.6 inches (27 cm)
Harris’s Sparrows breed in the northern tundra of central Canada and migrate to the south-central Great Plains for winter. They can be seen during migration across central US states and Canadian provinces.
Harris’s Sparrows are often found in open areas such as fields during migration or in winter. They feed on seeds, fruit, insects, and, in the spring, crowberries when nesting when food is scarce.
Harris’s Sparrow Call/Song:
Credit: Paul Driver, XC70460. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/70460.
Nests of Harris’s Sparrows are situated on the ground and constructed using twigs and moss, lined with soft grass. They lay up to five eggs, which hatch within two weeks. The young birds leave the nest after approximately nine days.
Attracting Harris’s Sparrows to your backyard during winter can be achieved by providing black oil sunflower seeds, millet, and cracked corn.
Fun Fact: Harris’s Sparrows are the only songbird species that exclusively breed in Canada and nowhere else.
These sparrows, including White-throated Sparrows and Harris’s Sparrows, add to the diverse array of avian species that pass through Wyoming during their migrations. While they may be less commonly seen, their unique appearances, behaviors, and songs make them a delight to encounter for bird enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.