Wood finds application in an array of structural and architectural components, encompassing everything from crafting doors and window frames to the fundamental frames underpinning timber-frame residences.
Surprisingly, even structures fashioned primarily from bricks and mortar often feature an abundance of wood integrated into their framework. In an astonishing feat, wood also takes on pivotal roles in erecting edifices that soar to heights surpassing six stories.
Nonetheless, a critical caveat emerges – the imperative demand for the wood varieties enlisted in construction to espouse sustainability, thereby curtailing adverse repercussions on the environment.
The crux of this requirement hinges on the prudent management of forests, ensuring they operate in a sustainable mode. Such stewardship not only endows wood with renewability but also empowers these forests to counteract the pernicious effects of carbon dioxide emissions.
What Types of Wood Are Sustainable?
In essence, the sustainability of wood types hinges on the ability to perpetuate new wood production in parallel with tree harvesting activities – essentially, replanting new seedlings outpaces tree removal rates.
To discern the sustainable sourcing of wood, a key indicator is the employment of certified wood, such as the venerable Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) founded in Denmark. Alternatives include the Program for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) and other reputable certification programs, like the Sustainable Forestry Initiative Program, American Tree Farm System, or the Canadian Standards Association.
However, the matter isn’t solely that straightforward. Even timber extracted from sustainable forests often undergoes energy-intensive processes for drying and processing, which may not always align with energy-efficient practices.
Another avenue involves opting for reclaimed wood sourced from older structures, which not only mitigates waste wood buildup in landfills but also contributes to sustainability efforts.
Naturally, it’s essential to acknowledge that certain wood species inherently possess superior sustainability characteristics compared to others.
Sustainable Wood Species
Wood can be categorized into two primary types: softwood and hardwood.
Softwood, derived from coniferous trees, may not necessarily be softer in texture compared to hardwood. However, it typically comes at a lower cost and is frequently employed in the production of mass-manufactured furniture and structural timbers. Pine, including varieties like Oregon pine, stands as one of the most recognizable examples.
On the other hand, hardwoods originate from deciduous tree species with broad leaves, such as mahogany, oak, cherry, and teak. These woods find common application within the construction industry. They tend to be pricier than softwoods and are often regarded as more challenging to work with, although this challenge isn’t due to their name but rather their characteristics.
In construction endeavors, professionals like designers, architects, and sometimes even experts specializing in engineering solutions in cities like Chicago, New York, Washington, or wherever the client resides, make it a point to specify the most suitable sustainable wood types for each project. Occasionally, it’s the client themselves who may have particular preferences and demands regarding the choice of wood.
Some more common sustainable species include:
Pine, an example of a fast-growing softwood, is highly regarded for its use in construction and furniture due to its rapid regeneration.
Oak, another option, takes longer to regrow compared to pine but is commercially grown in sustainable forests. Its light-colored hardwood is commonly employed for flooring, cabinetry, and furniture rather than construction purposes.
White ash, sourced from North America, boasts durability and flexibility, making it a popular choice for furniture production.
Maple, also native to North America, finds its application in flooring, stair treads, and furniture.
Mahogany, favored for furniture production, can be FSC-certified and originates from various countries, including South and Central America, Africa, and Asia.
North American Black Cherry is commonly utilized for doors, cabinets, furniture, and veneer.
Bamboo, although not technically wood, is an increasingly eco-friendly alternative for hardwood flooring. Remarkably, certain bamboo species can grow up to 50 feet in just 18 months!
When it comes to sustainability, the key factors for bamboo’s use revolve around environmentally friendly cultivation and responsible harvesting practices to safeguard both workers and the environment.
If you have the privilege of selecting wood types for your project, prioritize sustainability to ensure not only the longevity of your construction but also the well-being of the environment.