Discover the ultimate handbook that will assist you in identifying every single warbler species that frequently visits Manitoba. With the aid of photo identification, detailed descriptions, enchanting audio recordings of their melodious tunes, and captivating tidbits of information, this guide is an absolute gem.
Warblers, those petite migratory songbirds, embark on extraordinary journeys spanning vast distances, from the southern realms of South America all the way up to their breeding havens in the far reaches of Canada. These vibrant and energetic creatures traverse the skies with astonishing swiftness, sporting resplendent coats of yellow and green, and serenading the world with their marvelous symphony of diverse melodies.
Recognized as wood-warblers in North America, these avian wonders predominantly inhabit lush woodlands and forests. Be aware, however, that indulging in the joyful pursuit of spotting them may result in the peculiar condition known as “warbler neck,” a discomforting stiffness accompanied by tingling sensations in the neck, brought about by the ardent act of gazing upwards into the treetops with binoculars in hand.
While warblers primarily subsist on a diet of insects, they occasionally grace backyard feeders in search of seeds or delectable mealworms. Be sure to explore the assortment of other bird species regularly observed in Manitoba and avail yourself of a complimentary identification chart.
This invaluable guide serves as your trusted companion in identifying the various warbler types commonly sighted in Manitoba, all verified as regular visitors according to avibase. Drawing upon meticulous data collected by devoted bird enthusiasts on ebird, it provides authentic information on when these enchanting creatures are most likely to grace your presence.
For each warbler species featured in this compendium, you can revel in their melodious songs and gain insight into the diverse repertoire of warbler melodies. Furthermore, a comprehensive guide to recognizing 13 easily identifiable warbler songs is readily available to augment your auditory adventures.
Warblers in Manitoba According to the Seasons
Warblers in Manitoba during the Summer:
– Yellow-rumped Warbler
– Yellow Warbler
– Common Yellowthroat
– American Redstart
– Tennessee Warbler
– Black-and-white Warbler
– Ovenbird
– Orange-crowned Warbler
– Nashville Warbler
– Palm Warbler
– Northern Waterthrush
– Magnolia Warbler
– Blackpoll Warbler
– Chestnut-sided Warbler
– Wilson’s Warbler
– Blackburnian Warbler
– Mourning Warbler
– Canada Warbler
– Bay-breasted Warbler
– Black-throated Green Warbler
– Connecticut Warbler
– Golden-winged Warbler
– Northern Parula
Warblers in Manitoba during Migration:
– Cape May Warbler
– Pine Warbler
A Total of 25 Warbler Species in Manitoba:
1. Yellow-rumped Warbler
The splendid Yellow-rumped Warbler, also known as “Audubon’s Warbler” or the “Myrtle Warbler,” can be spotted during Manitoba’s breeding season. However, their numbers soar during migration, peaking from April to May and again from September to October. These delightful creatures grace 20% of summer checklists and make appearances on up to 42% of checklists during migration.
Dressed in shades of gray adorned with dashes of yellow on their faces, flanks, and rumps, these warblers boast resplendent white wings. While females may exhibit a touch of brown, winter birds radiate a paler brown hue with vibrant yellow rumps and flanks that transform into a magnificent blend of gray and yellow during spring.
The Myrtle Warbler, a subspecies that thrives in the eastern United States and the boreal forests of Canada, lacks a yellow throat.
In contrast, Audubon’s Warbler, found in the western regions, flaunts more extensive white wing patches.
- Setophaga coronata
- Length: 4.7-5.5 inches (12-14 cm)
- Weight: 0.4-0.5 ounces (12-13 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-9.1 inches (19-23 cm)
Yellow-rumped Warblers primarily breed in Canada, as well as the Rockies and the Appalachian mountains.
During migration, they grace the Midwest before settling in the southern and southwestern regions of the United States, the Pacific Coast, Mexico, and Central America.
Coniferous forests serve as a favored habitat for these charming warblers during the summer. In winter, they can be found in open areas adorned with fruitful shrubs. Their diet consists mainly of insects during the summer and migratory periods, transitioning to a preference for fruits like bayberries and wax myrtles during winter.
Listen to the melodious song of the Yellow-rumped Warbler:
[Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC602699. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/602699]
Female Yellow-rumped Warblers meticulously construct nests within conifer trees, using twigs, pine needles, and grass. These cozy abodes are lined with soft grass, moss, and hair. The females lay up to six eggs, which incubate for approximately two weeks before the young hatch. Another two weeks pass before the fledglings leave the nest, ready to embark on their own avian adventures.
Entice these cheerful Yellow-rumped Warblers to grace your backyard by providing them with sunflower seeds, suet, raisins, and peanut butter.
Fun Fact: During the winter, Yellow-rumped Warblers congregate in flocks that can number in the thousands, displaying a remarkable degree of aggression towards any species that dares to encroach upon their space.
2. Yellow Warbler
Prepare to encounter the radiant Yellow Warbler, a frequent visitor to Manitoba during the breeding season. Their appearances are noted from May to September, making appearances on 27% of summer checklists provided by devoted birdwatchers in the region.
Sporting lustrous plumage in shades of bright yellow, with a hint of green on their backs, male Yellow Warblers exhibit chestnut streaks on their breasts. In contrast, females and juveniles boast a more subdued appearance devoid of streaks.
- Setophaga petechia
- Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (9-11 g)
- Wingspan: 6.3-7.9 inches (16-20 cm)
Yellow Warblers undertake extensive migrations, journeying vast distances to breed in Canada and the United States, excluding southeastern states. They subsequently return to Central and South America for the winter. Nevertheless, these captivating birds can be spotted during their migratory travels in southeastern regions of the United States.
Along streams and wetlands, amidst thickets and the fringes of fields, Yellow Warblers diligently forage for insects, which comprise the bulk of their diet. From caterpillars and midges to beetles, bugs, and wasps, these feathery wanderers indulge in a delectable feast.
Listen to the enchanting song of the Yellow Warbler:
[Credit: Richard E. Webster, XC662546. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/662546]
Yellow Warblers skillfully construct their nests within small trees or shrubs, weaving together bark, grass, and various plant materials. Spider webs provide crucial support, ensuring the nest remains intact. The interior is lined with softer materials such as hair, feathers, and plant down. Females lay up to seven eggs, incubating them for around twelve days. Once hatched, it takes an additional ten days for the young to fledge.
Attract these delightful Yellow Warblers to your backyard by providing suet, oranges, peanut butter, and plants bearing berries. Embrace the beauty of nature by cultivating native plants that beckon insects, all while eschewing pesticides and excessive tidiness. Consider incorporating birdbaths with fountains, nestled amidst secluded greenery, to provide these avian visitors with a sense of protection.
Fun Fact: Yellow Warblers often encounter a peculiar phenomenon known as “brood parasitism” wherein cowbirds surreptitiously lay their eggs in the warblers’ nests. When this deception is detected, Yellow Warblers respond by constructing a fresh nest atop the old one, disregarding the parasitic eggs. This process may occur up to six times before success prevails!
3. Common Yellowthroat
Marvel at the enchanting Common Yellowthroat, a regular visitor to Manitoba during the breeding season. From mid-April to October, these delightful creatures grace 15% of summer checklists, adding a touch of vibrancy to the natural landscape.
Sporting diminutive frames, Common Yellowthroats exhibit a brownish hue on their backs and vibrant yellow plumage on their underbellies. Long tails enhance their elegant appearance. Males distinguish themselves with black masks adorning their faces, while the brightness of the yellow hue may vary geographically, occasionally leaning towards an olive undertone.
- Geothlypis trichas
- Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.3 ounces (9-10 g)
- Wingspan: 5.9-7.5 inches (15-19 cm)
Throughout the summer, Common Yellowthroats partake in breeding activities across most of North America, except for Alaska and northern Canada. Certain individuals opt to remain near the Gulf Coast and Pacific Southwest year-round before embarking on a southward migration for the winter.
Common Yellowthroats often inhabit marshy or wetland areas, seeking refuge amidst tangled vegetation and brushy fields.
Listen to the melodious song of the Common Yellowthroat:
[Credit: Paul Marvin, XC629250. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/629250]
Females of the species skillfully craft their nests near the ground within marshy domains, utilizing reeds for structural support. Grass and sedges form the primary materials, interwoven to create a cup-shaped structure. These nests rest upon a platform composed of leaves and grass. To ensure optimal comfort, the interior is lined with soft grass, moss, and animal hair. Females lay up to six eggs, with an incubation period of approximately twelve days. It takes a comparable length of time for the fledglings to leave the nest and embark on their avian exploits.
Create an inviting haven for Common Yellowthroats within your spacious backyard by cultivating dense vegetation and native plants that attract insects.
Fun Fact: The black mask adorning Common Yellowthroats serves as a visual cue to courting males, indicating their gender. Intriguingly, these males display aggression towards simulated birds lacking the distinctive mask, suggesting an innate recognition of their own species.
4. American Redstart
Prepare to encounter the dazzling American Redstart, a summer visitor to Manitoba primarily from May to mid-October. These captivating warblers grace approximately 10% of checklists during this period.
With their predominantly black plumage adorned with vibrant orange patches and a contrasting white belly, male American Redstarts are truly eye-catching. In contrast, females sport olive-gray feathers instead of black, accompanied by yellow patches.
- Setophaga ruticilla
- Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.2-0.3 ounces (6-9 g)
- Wingspan: 6.3-7.5 inches (16-19 cm)
American Redstarts breed in the eastern United States, Canada, and northwestern US states. During migration, they can also be spotted in central and western US states.
These delightful warblers can be found in deciduous woodlands, where they actively forage for insects. Additionally, they frequent backyards and thickets, indulging in delectable berries such as serviceberries and magnolias.
Listen to the captivating song of the American Redstart, characterized by a drop in pitch at the end:
[Credit: Nick Kiehl, XC522368. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/522368]
American Redstarts meticulously construct their nests close to the trunk of trees or within large shrubs, utilizing materials such as bark, grass, and other plant matter. They lay up to five eggs, with an incubation period of just under two weeks. The young birds require an additional week or two before they fledge from the nest, ready to embark on their own avian adventures.
Attract these lively American Redstarts to your backyard by planting berry-bearing trees such as magnolias and serviceberries.
Fun Fact: When it comes to feeding their chicks, American Redstart parents exhibit a fascinating strategy, selectively providing food to certain chicks rather than uniformly distributing nourishment.
5. Tennessee Warbler
Marvel at the enchanting Tennessee Warbler, a visitor frequently spotted in Manitoba from May to October. These delightful warblers appear on approximately 9% of summer checklists.
Male Tennessee Warblers display gray heads, green backs, and pale whitish underparts. Females, on the other hand, exhibit a greener overall appearance with yellow underparts and green heads. Both genders boast white under their tails.
- Leiothlypis peregrina
- Length: 3.9-5.1 inches (10-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.3 ounces (8-10 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-7.9 inches (19-20 cm)
Tennessee Warblers embark on extensive migrations, traveling all the way from Central America up to Canada. During migration, they can be observed across eastern US states.
These delightful warblers can be found foraging primarily for caterpillars on trees and shrubs within woodland habitats.
Listen to the melodious song of the Tennessee Warbler:
[Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC444969. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/444969]
Nests of Tennessee Warblers remain hidden in moss or nestled among tree roots. Constructed from grass and weeds, these nests provide a cozy haven for their eggs. Approximately six eggs are laid, with an incubation period of around twelve days. Once hatched, it takes a similar duration for the young birds to leave the nest, ready to embark on their own avian exploits.
Fun Fact: Despite its name, the Tennessee Warbler does not breed or spend much time in Tennessee. The name originated from the location where this remarkable species was first sighted.
6. Black-and-white Warbler
Embrace the distinctive presence of the Black-and-white Warbler, frequently sighted in Manitoba during the summer. As their numbers increase during migration, they appear on approximately 8% of summer checklists and up to 16% during migratory periods.
Easily distinguishable with their striking striped appearance, male Black-and-white Warblers showcase a large black patch across their eyes and cheeks, accentuating their darker black plumage. Females possess a more subdued appearance.
- Mniotilta varia
- Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.5 ounces (8-15 g)
- Wingspan: 7.1-8.7 inches (18-22 cm)
Black-and-white Warblers primarily breed in the eastern United States and Canada. During winter, they venture to Florida, along the Gulf Coast, Mexico, Baja California, the Caribbean, and northern South America. Migration brings them through central US states.
These agile warblers can be observed hopping up and down tree trunks and branches within forests, skillfully hunting for insects.
Listen to the delightful song of the Black-and-white Warbler:
[Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC600300. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/600300]
Nests of Black-and-white Warblers are cleverly concealed near or on the ground, often beneath logs or shrubs. Constructed from bark, grass, and pine needles intricately woven into a cup shape, these nests provide a safe haven for approximately five eggs. Incubation lasts around eleven days, while the young birds require ten more days before they fledge from the nest.
7. Ovenbird
Marvel at the charming Ovenbird, a summer visitor to Manitoba usually observed from May to October. These delightful warblers appear on approximately 9% of checklists during this period.
Ovenbirds boast a rather understated appearance compared to their warbler counterparts, featuring olive-green backs and black-and-white spotted undersides.
- Seiurus aurocapilla
- Length: 4.3-5.5 inches (11-14 cm)
- Weight: 0.6-1.0 ounces (16-28 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-10.2 inches (19-26 cm)
Ovenbirds breed in northeastern US states, Canada, the Midwest, and extend up into northwest Canada. During migration, they can be observed in eastern US states. They spend the winter in Florida, Mexico, Central America, northern South America, and the Caribbean.
These ground-dwelling warblers rummage through leaf litter in forests, diligently searching for insects.
Listen to the melodious song of the Ovenbird:
[Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC602036. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/602036]
Nests of Ovenbirds are typically constructed on the ground. Female Ovenbirds skillfully create domed nests using leaves, grass, bark, and other plant materials. The nests feature a side entrance and are lined with animal hair. Around five eggs are laid, with an incubation period of up to two weeks. The young birds take approximately ten days to leave the nest and embark on their independent journeys.
Fun Fact: Ovenbirds derive their name from the uniquely shaped nest they construct, bearing a resemblance to a traditional Dutch oven.
8. Orange-crowned Warbler
Prepare to encounter the subtle beauty of the Orange-crowned Warbler, often spotted in Manitoba from April to October. These charming warblers make appearances on approximately 7% of checklists during the summer.
Orange-crowned Warblers don a modest yellow-olive plumage, with variations of more vibrant yellow hues observed along the Pacific Coast. Interestingly, their namesake orange crown is rarely visible. Both males and females share a similar appearance, while juveniles tend to have grayer tones.
- Leiothlypis celata
- Length: 4.3-5.5 inches (11-14 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (7-11 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5 inches (19 cm)
These delightful warblers breed in Canada and western US states before embarking on migration to the Pacific, East, and Gulf Coasts, as well as Mexico. They can also be observed during migration across most US states, excluding the northeastern region.
Orange-crowned Warblers favor shrubby habitats and low vegetation, although they are known to breed in open woodlands. Their diet primarily consists of spiders and insects such as caterpillars, flies, and other small invertebrates. They also exhibit a fondness for fruits, berries, and seeds, often visiting backyard feeders.
Listen to the enchanting song of the Orange-crowned Warbler:
[Credit: Paul Marvin, XC671865. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/671865]
Nests of Orange-crowned Warblers are typically situated close to the ground and constructed using dead leaves, twigs, and stems. The interior is lined with soft grass, feathers, and animal hair. These resourceful birds lay up to six eggs in their nests.
To attract Orange-crowned Warblers to your yard, provide suet, peanut butter, hummingbird feeders filled with sugar water nectar, and consider planting native plants that attract insects.
Fun Fact: Orange-crowned Warblers have been observed drinking sap from the wells created by sapsuckers and woodpeckers.
9. Nashville Warbler
Embrace the presence of the elegant Nashville Warbler, frequently spotted during the breeding season in Manitoba from May to October. These delightful warblers appear on approximately 7% of summer checklists.
Nashville Warblers display predominantly yellow plumage, with a green back and a gray head adorned with a distinctive white eye-ring. While males and females exhibit similar appearances during the breeding season, non-breeding birds showcase duller crowns. They also possess white bellies nestled between their yellow breasts and under their tails.
- Leiothlypis ruficapilla
- Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.2-0.5 ounces (6.7-13.9 g)
- Wingspan: 6.7-7.9 inches (17-20 cm)
These charming warblers breed in northeastern US states, Canada, and a smaller population can be found in northwestern US states, extending into British Columbia. They can also be observed during migration across most US states.
Nashville Warblers frequently inhabit scrubby habitats, along with low deciduous forests, where they diligently hunt for insects.
Listen to the melodious song of the Nashville Warbler:
[Credit: Peter Ward and Ken Hall, XC512262. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/512262]
Nests of Nashville Warblers are constructed near the ground, using bark, moss, and grass woven into a cup shape. These nests are further lined with pine needles, soft grass, and animal hair. Female Nashville Warblers lay around five eggs, with an incubation period of approximately twelve days. The young birds require an additional ten days before they leave the nest to embark on their own avian endeavors.
To attract Nashville Warblers to your backyard during winter, consider offering suet as an enticing food source.
Fun Fact: During their initial migration, Nashville Warblers follow the Atlantic Coast. Subsequent migrations, however, lead them inland, deviating from the coastline.
10. Palm Warbler
Embrace the charming presence of the Palm Warbler, frequently observed in Manitoba from May to October. These delightful warblers grace approximately 7% of summer checklists.
Palm Warblers showcase a rusty red patch atop their heads and sport a browny-olive plumage throughout the rest of their bodies. Western individuals feature whiter bellies. While male and female Palm Warblers share a similar appearance during the breeding season, the crowns of non-breeding birds appear duller.
- Setophaga palmarum
- Length: 4.7-5.5 inches (12-14 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.5 ounces (7-13 g)
- Wingspan: 7.9-8.3 inches (20-21 cm)
These warblers primarily breed in Canada, and during migration, they can be observed in eastern US states. Some Palm Warblers spend their winters in Florida and along the southeastern coast.
Palm Warblers are predominantly observed during spring and fall migrations, thriving in weedy fields, forest edges, and scrubby areas. They often forage along the ground, in the company of other bird species such as Sparrows, Juncos, and Yellow-rumped Warblers.
Listen to the delightful song of the Palm Warbler:
[Credit: Richard E. Webster, XC189604. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/189604]
Nests of Palm Warblers are typically found in bogs and boreal forests, situated on the ground. Constructed from grass, sedge, and ferns, these nests form a cup shape and are lined with soft grass, feathers, and animal hair. Palm Warblers lay approximately five eggs within their nests.
To attract Palm Warblers to your backyard, consider planting native plants that attract insects, and provide bayberry or hawthorn plants that bear berries.
Fun Fact: Unlike many other warblers, Palm Warblers have a unique habit of walking on the ground while bobbing their tails as they forage for insects.
11. Northern Waterthrush
Prepare to encounter the enchanting Northern Waterthrush during its visits to Manitoba. These captivating warblers can be spotted primarily during migration seasons. While their presence may not be as frequent as other species, they bring their own unique charm.
Northern Waterthrushes have a distinctive appearance, with streaked brown plumage on their upper parts and white underparts marked with bold black streaks. They also possess a noticeable white eyebrow stripe.
- Parkesia noveboracensis
- Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.4-0.6 ounces (11-17 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 inches (19-22 cm)
These warblers breed in the northern parts of the United States and Canada, with some populations venturing into Alaska. During migration, they can be seen in various parts of North America.
Northern Waterthrushes are typically found in wetland habitats, such as marshes, bogs, and the edges of streams and ponds. They forage for insects, small invertebrates, and aquatic invertebrates, often bobbing their tails as they search for food.
Listen to the melodious song of the Northern Waterthrush:
[Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC134843. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/134843]
Nests of Northern Waterthrushes are built on the ground near wetlands, typically hidden under vegetation or in clumps of grass. The nests are constructed from grasses, leaves, and moss, forming a cup-shaped structure. They lay approximately four to six eggs, with an incubation period of around two weeks. The young birds remain in the nest for about another two weeks before they fledge.
12. Magnolia Warbler
Marvel at the striking Magnolia Warbler, known for its vibrant plumage and captivating presence. These migratory warblers pass through Manitoba during their journeys, enchanting observers with their beauty.
Magnolia Warblers exhibit a striking appearance, with black streaks on a bright yellow underside, a black mask across their eyes, and a necklace of black streaks across their chest. These distinct markings make them easily recognizable.
- Setophaga magnolia
- Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (8-11 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5 inches (19 cm)
These warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada and the northeastern United States. During migration, they can be observed in various parts of North America.
Magnolia Warblers inhabit a range of forested habitats, including coniferous and mixed forests. They forage for insects and spiders among the foliage, displaying agility as they move through the trees.
Listen to the delightful song of the Magnolia Warbler:
[Credit: David Darrell-Lambert, XC661588. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/661588]
Nests of Magnolia Warblers are typically built on or close to the ground, hidden under shrubs or ferns. Constructed from grasses, leaves, moss, and bark, their nests form a cup shape. They lay around four to five eggs, with an incubation period of approximately two weeks. The young birds spend an additional ten days in the nest before they fledge.
Fun Fact: The Magnolia Warbler was not named after the magnolia tree but rather after French botanist Pierre Magnol.
13. Blackpoll Warbler
Prepare to witness the remarkable Blackpoll Warbler during its migration through Manitoba. These incredible long-distance travelers captivate observers with their unique characteristics and journey.
Blackpoll Warblers showcase a striking appearance, with black and white plumage on their wings and a black cap atop their heads. Their underparts vary from white to light gray, while their legs are yellow.
- Setophaga striata
- Length: 4.7-5.5 inches (12-14 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.5 ounces (9-14 g)
- Wingspan: 8.3-9.1 inches (21-23 cm)
These warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada and the northeastern United States. They undertake one of the longest migratory journeys of any songbird, traveling from their breeding grounds to their wintering grounds in South America.
Blackpoll Warblers can be found in a variety of forested habitats, including coniferous and mixed forests. During migration, they are known for their impressive nonstop flights over the Atlantic Ocean, often covering distances of more than 2,000 miles.
Listen to the melodious song of the Blackpoll Warbler:
[Credit: Peter Boesman, XC456875. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/456875]
Nests of Blackpoll Warblers are constructed on or close to the ground, hidden under vegetation and moss. Their nests are made from grasses, twigs, and moss, forming a cup shape. They lay approximately four to five eggs, with an incubation period of about two weeks. The young birds require an additional ten days or so before they fledge.
Fun Fact: The Blackpoll Warbler undergoes a remarkable transformation each year, with its plumage transitioning from a vibrant breeding coloration to a more subdued appearance for migration.
14. Chestnut-sided Warbler
Marvel at the captivating Chestnut-sided Warbler, known for its striking plumage and melodious songs. These charming warblers make appearances in Manitoba during the summer months, enchanting observers with their vibrant presence.
Chestnut-sided Warblers showcase a unique appearance, with a yellow-green back, white underparts, and distinct chestnut-colored patches on their sides. The males boast a bold black crown, while females display a more subdued olive-green crown.
- Setophaga pensylvanica
- Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (8-11 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5 inches (19 cm)
These warblers breed in the deciduous forests of the northeastern United States and Canada. They undertake a remarkable migration, traveling to their wintering grounds in Central and South America.
Chestnut-sided Warblers can be found in a variety of habitats, including woodland edges, thickets, and regenerating forests. They forage for insects, spiders, and small invertebrates among the foliage, showcasing their agile acrobatics.
Listen to the melodious song of the Chestnut-sided Warbler:
[Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC449266. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/449266]
Nests of Chestnut-sided Warblers are typically built in shrubs or small trees, close to the ground. Constructed from twigs, grasses, and plant fibers, their nests form a cup shape. They lay around three to five eggs, with an incubation period of approximately two weeks. The young birds remain in the nest for about another two weeks before they fledge.
15. Wilson’s Warbler
Prepare to encounter the delightful Wilson’s Warbler during its visits to Manitoba. These small, vibrant warblers bring their own charm to the avian community.
Wilson’s Warblers exhibit a distinctive appearance, with bright yellow plumage covering their entire body, complemented by a black cap atop their heads. The males have a bold black patch on their faces, while females showcase a lighter crown.
- Cardellina pusilla
- Length: 4.7 inches (12 cm)
- Weight: 0.3 ounces (8-9 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5 inches (19 cm)
These warblers breed in the coniferous forests of western North America and parts of Canada. During migration, they can be observed in various parts of North America.
Wilson’s Warblers are often found in dense shrubs, understory vegetation, and streamside habitats. They forage for insects and spiders, flitting through the foliage with agility and precision.
Listen to the delightful song of the Wilson’s Warbler:
[Credit: John Neville, XC128152. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/128152]
Nests of Wilson’s Warblers are typically built close to the ground, hidden among dense vegetation. Constructed from grasses, moss, and plant fibers, their nests form a cup shape. They lay approximately four to six eggs, with an incubation period of around two weeks. The young birds spend an additional ten days or so in the nest before they fledge.
Fun Fact: Wilson’s Warblers are known for their exceptional migratory abilities, with some individuals traveling from their breeding grounds in Alaska and Canada to their wintering grounds in Mexico and Central America.
16. Blackburnian Warbler
Behold the breathtaking Blackburnian Warbler, a sight to behold with its vibrant plumage and striking markings. These exquisite warblers grace the skies of Manitoba during their migration, captivating onlookers with their beauty.
Blackburnian Warblers boast a striking appearance, with a fiery orange throat and breast, contrasting against their black and white striped back. Males flaunt a bold black crown, while females showcase a more subdued olive-green crown.
- Setophaga fusca
- Length: 4.3-4.7 inches (11-12 cm)
- Weight: 0.3 ounces (8-10 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5 inches (19 cm)
These warblers breed in the coniferous forests of eastern North America and Canada. During migration, they can be observed in various parts of North America.
Blackburnian Warblers primarily inhabit the upper canopy of mature forests, especially those with spruce and fir trees. They forage for insects, often engaging in aerial acrobatics to capture their prey.
Listen to the melodious song of the Blackburnian Warbler:
[Credit: Mike Nelson, XC445911. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/445911]
Nests of Blackburnian Warblers are typically built in the upper branches of coniferous trees, situated high above the ground. Constructed from twigs, grasses, and bark strips, their nests form a cup shape. They lay approximately three to five eggs, with an incubation period of around two weeks. The young birds spend an additional ten to twelve days in the nest before they fledge.
17. Mourning Warbler
Prepare to witness the captivating Mourning Warbler during its migration through Manitoba. These elusive warblers may be spotted in select areas, adding a touch of mystique to the avian landscape.
Mourning Warblers exhibit a distinctive appearance, with a vibrant yellow underside and an olive-green back. The males have a bold black facial mask, while females display a lighter crown.
- Geothlypis philadelphia
- Length: 4.3-4.7 inches (11-12 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (8-11 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5 inches (19 cm)
These warblers breed in the understory of dense deciduous and mixed forests in northeastern North America and Canada. During migration, they can be observed in various parts of North America.
Mourning Warblers prefer habitats with dense vegetation, such as shrubby areas, regenerating forests, and wetlands. They forage for insects and small invertebrates, often staying low to the ground and hidden among the foliage.
Listen to the melodious song of the Mourning Warbler:
[Credit: David Darrell-Lambert, XC660713. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/660713]
Nests of Mourning Warblers are typically built on or close to the ground, hidden in dense vegetation. Constructed from grasses, leaves, and bark, their nests form a cup shape. They lay approximately four to five eggs, with an incubation period of around two weeks. The young birds remain in the nest for about another ten days before they fledge.
Fun Fact: Mourning Warblers are known for their elusive nature, often preferring to stay hidden in dense vegetation, making them a thrilling find for birdwatchers.
18. Canada Warbler
Embrace the enchanting presence of the Canada Warbler as it graces the landscapes of Manitoba during its migration. These charismatic warblers bring their own unique beauty and captivating songs to the avian community.
Canada Warblers showcase a striking appearance, with a vibrant yellow underside and gray upperparts. Their throats and breasts boast a bold black necklace pattern, reminiscent of a delicate piece of jewelry.
- Cardellina canadensis
- Length: 4.3-4.7 inches (11-12 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (8-11 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5 inches (19 cm)
These warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada and the northeastern United States. During migration, they can be observed in various parts of North America.
Canada Warblers inhabit moist, dense forests, especially those near water bodies. They forage for insects and small invertebrates among the foliage, often showing agility as they navigate the understory.
Listen to the melodious song of the Canada Warbler:
[Credit: Richard E. Webster, XC485756. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/485756]
Nests of Canada Warblers are typically built close to the ground, hidden in dense vegetation or shrubs. Constructed from grasses, leaves, and moss, their nests form a cup shape. They lay approximately four to six eggs, with an incubation period of around two weeks. The young birds spend an additional ten days or so in the nest before they fledge.
Fun Fact: Canada Warblers are known for their incredible long-distance migrations, with some individuals traveling over 4,000 miles from their breeding grounds in North America to their wintering grounds in South America.
19. Bay-breasted Warbler
Prepare to be captivated by the stunning beauty of the Bay-breasted Warbler as it makes its migratory journey through Manitoba. These exquisite warblers grace the region with their presence, adorning the trees with their vibrant plumage.
Bay-breasted Warblers showcase a striking appearance, with a chestnut-colored crown, throat, and sides contrasting against their black-streaked gray back. Their underparts are a soft yellow, creating a harmonious blend of colors.
- Setophaga castanea
- Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (8-11 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5 inches (19 cm)
These warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada and the northeastern United States. During migration, they can be observed in various parts of North America.
Bay-breasted Warblers primarily inhabit spruce-fir forests and areas with dense coniferous growth. They forage for insects and small invertebrates among the branches, displaying their agility as they navigate the canopy.
Listen to the melodious song of the Bay-breasted Warbler:
[Credit: Mike Nelson, XC445743. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/445743]
Nests of Bay-breasted Warblers are typically built on or close to the ground, hidden under low vegetation or shrubs. Constructed from twigs, grasses, and moss, their nests form a cup shape. They lay approximately three to five eggs, with an incubation period of around two weeks. The young birds spend an additional ten to twelve days in the nest before they fledge.
20. Black-throated Green Warbler
Witness the allure of the Black-throated Green Warbler as it graces Manitoba with its presence during migration. These captivating warblers bring their own unique charm and beautiful songs to the avian symphony.
Black-throated Green Warblers showcase a distinct appearance, with vibrant yellow plumage on their underparts and a contrasting black throat and face. Their back and wings boast a vibrant combination of olive-green and black, creating a visually striking pattern.
- Setophaga virens
- Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (8-11 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5 inches (19 cm)
These warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada and the northeastern United States. During migration, they can be observed in various parts of North America.
Black-throated Green Warblers primarily inhabit coniferous forests and mixed woodlands, often favoring areas with dense vegetation. They forage for insects and small invertebrates among the foliage, displaying their agility as they navigate the tree canopy.
Listen to the melodious song of the Black-throated Green Warbler:
[Credit: Richard E. Webster, XC322186. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/322186]
Nests of Black-throated Green Warblers are typically built in coniferous trees, situated at varying heights above the ground. Constructed from twigs, grasses, and moss, their nests form a cup shape. They lay approximately three to five eggs, with an incubation period of around two weeks. The young birds spend an additional ten to twelve days in the nest before they fledge.
Fun Fact: The Black-throated Green Warbler is known for its distinct song, often described as a rising buzzy “zoo-zee-zoo-zoo-zee.”
21. Connecticut Warbler
Prepare for an encounter with the elusive Connecticut Warbler during its migratory journey through Manitoba. These mysterious warblers bring a touch of intrigue to the avian community with their unique appearance and secretive nature.
Connecticut Warblers showcase a subtle yet enchanting plumage, with a grayish-brown back and olive-green underparts. Their faces boast a distinct gray eyering, and their throats are a soft yellow. Males and females display similar coloration.
- Oporornis agilis
- Length: 5.1 inches (13 cm)
- Weight: 0.5-0.6 ounces (14-17 g)
- Wingspan: 8.7 inches (22 cm)
These warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada and the northeastern United States. During migration, they can be observed in various parts of North America.
Connecticut Warblers primarily inhabit dense, shrubby areas near wetlands and swamps. They forage for insects and small invertebrates among the vegetation, often remaining hidden from view.
Listen to the melodious song of the Connecticut Warbler:
[Credit: Tony Phillips, XC440927. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/440927]
Nests of Connecticut Warblers are typically built on the ground, hidden in dense vegetation and leaf litter. Constructed from grasses, moss, and leaves, their nests form a cup shape. They lay approximately four to six eggs, with an incubation period of around two weeks. The young birds spend an additional ten to twelve days in the nest before they fledge.
22. Golden-winged Warbler
Prepare to be enchanted by the golden beauty of the Golden-winged Warbler as it graces Manitoba with its presence during migration. These striking warblers bring a touch of radiance to the avian landscape with their vibrant plumage.
Golden-winged Warblers showcase a captivating appearance, with a gray back and vibrant yellow underparts. Their wings are adorned with distinctive golden-yellow patches, giving them their name. Males boast a black throat patch, while females exhibit a lighter gray throat.
- Vermivora chrysoptera
- Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (8-11 g)
- Wingspan: 7.9 inches (20 cm)
These warblers breed in the shrubby habitats and open forests of the northeastern United States and Canada. During migration, they can be observed in various parts of North America.
Golden-winged Warblers primarily inhabit early successional habitats, such as regenerating forests, shrubby areas, and woodland edges. They forage for insects and small invertebrates among the foliage, displaying agility as they navigate their surroundings.
Listen to the melodious song of the Golden-winged Warbler:
[Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC452740. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/452740]
Nests of Golden-winged Warblers are typically built close to the ground, hidden among low vegetation or shrubs. Constructed from twigs, grasses, and plant fibers, their nests form a cup shape. They lay approximately four to five eggs, with an incubation period of around two weeks. The young birds spend an additional ten days or so in the nest before they fledge.
Fun Fact: The Golden-winged Warbler is known for its hybridization with the Blue-winged Warbler, resulting in the formation of the genetically distinct Brewster’s and Lawrence’s warblers.
23. Northern Parula
Behold the enchanting Northern Parula as it graces the skies of Manitoba during its migratory journey. These small and vibrant warblers bring a burst of color and melody to the avian community, captivating observers with their beauty and delightful songs.
Northern Parulas showcase a striking appearance, with a bluish-gray back and vibrant yellow throat and breast. Their underparts transition to a white belly, creating a pleasing contrast. Males boast a prominent bluish-gray band across their chest, while females display a more subtle version.
- Setophaga americana
- Length: 4.3-4.7 inches (11-12 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (8-11 g)
- Wingspan: 6.3-7.5 inches (16-19 cm)
These warblers breed in the forests of eastern North America and Canada. During migration, they can be observed in various parts of North America.
Northern Parulas inhabit a variety of forested habitats, including deciduous and mixed forests, swamps, and riparian areas. They forage for insects and small invertebrates among the branches, often showing acrobatic behavior as they glean from leaves and twigs.
Listen to the melodious song of the Northern Parula:
[Credit: Richard E. Webster, XC320977. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/320977]
Nests of Northern Parulas are typically built in hanging clumps of Spanish moss, located in trees or shrubs. Constructed from moss, grasses, and plant fibers, their nests form a cup shape. They lay approximately three to seven eggs, with an incubation period of around two weeks. The young birds spend an additional ten to twelve days in the nest before they fledge.
24. Cape May Warbler
Prepare to be captivated by the radiant beauty of the Cape May Warbler as it graces Manitoba during its migratory journey. These stunning warblers bring their own unique charm and vibrancy to the avian community, leaving a lasting impression on all who encounter them.
Cape May Warblers showcase a striking appearance, with a vibrant yellow plumage adorned with black streaks on their sides and chest. They boast a contrasting olive-green back, creating a visually captivating pattern. Males display a rusty-colored patch on their cheek, while females exhibit a more subtle version.
- Setophaga tigrina
- Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (8-11 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 inches (19-22 cm)
These warblers breed in the boreal forests of North America, primarily in Canada. During migration, they can be observed in various parts of North America.
Cape May Warblers primarily inhabit coniferous forests, mixed woodlands, and shrubby areas. They forage for insects, often extracting nectar from flowers using their specialized tongue-like bristles.
Listen to the melodious song of the Cape May Warbler:
[Credit: Richard E. Webster, XC634786. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/634786]
Nests of Cape May Warblers are typically built in coniferous trees, situated at varying heights above the ground. Constructed from twigs, grasses, and plant fibers, their nests form a cup shape. They lay approximately three to five eggs, with an incubation period of around two weeks. The young birds spend an additional ten to twelve days in the nest before they fledge.
25. Pine Warbler
Embrace the tranquil presence of the Pine Warbler as it graces Manitoba during its migratory journey. These delightful warblers bring a sense of serenity and elegance to the avian landscape, enchanting observers with their subtle beauty and melodious songs.
Pine Warblers showcase a subdued appearance, with a warm olive-brown plumage that blends seamlessly with their forested surroundings. They possess a soft yellow wash on their underparts, creating a gentle contrast. Males and females display similar coloration.
- Setophaga pinus
- Length: 5.1 inches (13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (8-11 g)
- Wingspan: 8.7 inches (22 cm)
These warblers breed in the pine forests of eastern North America and Canada. During migration, they can be observed in various parts of North America.
Pine Warblers primarily inhabit coniferous forests, pine stands, and mixed woodlands. They forage for insects among the branches and needles of trees, displaying their agility as they navigate their preferred habitat.
Listen to the melodious song of the Pine Warbler:
[Credit: David Darrell-Lambert, XC607580. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/607580]
Nests of Pine Warblers are typically built in pine trees, situated at varying heights above the ground. Constructed from pine needles, grasses, and plant fibers, their nests form a cup shape. They lay approximately three to five eggs, with an incubation period of around two weeks. The young birds spend an additional ten to twelve days in the nest before they fledge.
Fun Fact: The Pine Warbler is known for its unique diet, as it is one of the few warbler species that feeds extensively on pine seeds during the winter months.