In the realm of spring and summer in New Mexico, one can commonly find yellow birds, especially when the warblers make their grand entrance. However, during the winter season, only Yellow-rumped Warblers and Lesser Goldfinches grace our presence as the prevalent yellow avian inhabitants.
This informative manual aims to aid you in the identification of yellow birds you may have encountered in the New Mexico region. It provides a plethora of resources including pictures, identification details, melodious recordings, and migration patterns.
The majority of yellow birds in New Mexico are warblers, orioles, or tanagers. Occasionally, they present themselves as female birds, exhibiting a striking dissimilarity in appearance compared to their male counterparts within the same species.
With the comprehensive information contained within this guide, the task of identifying yellow birds becomes considerably easier. The yellow birds are listed in the order of their common sightings in New Mexico during spring and summer months, as indicated by ebird checklists for May and June.
Throughout the entirety of the year, the following yellow birds can be found in New Mexico: Lesser Goldfinch, Yellow-rumped Warbler, Western Meadowlark, Evening Grosbeak, Cedar Waxwing, and Eastern Meadowlark. In the summer season, additional yellow avian visitors include Western Kingbird, Western Tanager, Yellow Warbler, Summer Tanager, Common Yellowthroat, Scott’s Oriole, Hooded Oriole, Painted Bunting, and Orchard Oriole. As for the winter season, American Goldfinch takes the stage as the solitary representative. During migration, one may witness the presence of Wilson’s Warbler, Orange-crowned Warbler, Yellow-headed Blackbird, Dickcissel, Nashville Warbler, American Redstart, Hooded Warbler, and Prothonotary Warbler.
Continue delving into this guide to successfully identify those yellow birds you have been fortunate enough to observe.
A compilation of 24 Yellow Birds in New Mexico:
1. Lesser Goldfinch
Behold, the magnificent Lesser Goldfinch! This species chooses to spend its breeding season in the northern regions of New Mexico. However, some individuals remain in the southern areas throughout the year. Birdwatchers have reported their presence in 24% of summer checklists and 13% of winter checklists.
These tiny creatures flaunt vibrant yellow and black plumage, sporting long pointed wings and notched tails. While the males possess striking yellow tones, the females display olive backs and a more subdued yellow underside.
Scientific Name: Spinus psaltria
Length: 3.5-4.3 inches (9-11 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (8-11.5 g)
Wingspan: 5.9-7.9 inches (15-20 cm)
Lesser Goldfinches can be found residing in the southwestern United States and along the West Coast throughout the year. However, those breeding in the western interior regions of the country embark on a migratory journey during winter.
These delightful birds congregate in large flocks, occupying open habitats such as thickets, weedy fields, forest clearings, parks, and gardens. Their diet primarily consists of seeds, particularly sunflower seeds. They also indulge in fruits from elderberry and coffeeberry, as well as buds from cottonwoods, willows, sycamores, and alders.
Immerse yourself in the melodic call of the Lesser Goldfinch:
[Insert audio clip: Manuel Grosselet, XC428720, accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/428720]
When it comes to nesting, Lesser Goldfinches prefer concealed locations near streams, nestled within trees and shrubs. Their nests are constructed from bark,
leaves, and various plant materials, delicately woven together with spider webs to form a cup-like structure. The females lay up to six eggs, which incubate for approximately two weeks. Similarly, it takes around two weeks for the fledglings to venture out of the nest.
To entice the presence of Lesser Goldfinches in your yard, provide them with sunflower seeds and nyjer through tube feeders or platform feeders.
Fun Fact: Lesser Goldfinches engage in spirited rivalries with their larger counterparts, Lawrence’s Goldfinches. They tenaciously chase them away from feeders and nesting areas, while simultaneously mingling with other bird species.
2. Yellow-rumped Warbler
Basking in the glory of New Mexico’s landscapes, the Yellow-rumped Warbler graces us with its presence throughout the year. However, their numbers swell during migration, particularly from April to May and September to October.
These warblers exude an elegant aura, donning gray plumage adorned with vibrant yellow accents on their face, sides, and rump. Additionally, their wings boast a resplendent white hue.
Scientific Name: Setophaga coronata
Length: 4.7-5.5 inches (12-14 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 ounces (12-13 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-9.1 inches (19-23 cm)
Yellow-rumped Warblers predominantly breed in Canada, the Rockies, and the Appalachian mountains. As migration ensues, they can be observed in the Midwest before seeking refuge in southern and southwestern U.S. states, the Pacific Coast, Mexico, and Central America.
Keep a keen eye out for these delightful creatures in coniferous forests, especially during the breeding season. During winter, they tend to frequent open areas adorned with fruiting shrubs. In the summer, their diet primarily consists of insects, while during migration and winter, they lean towards feasting on fruits like bayberry and wax myrtle.
Indulge in the melodious song of the Yellow-rumped Warbler:
[Insert audio clip: Christopher McPherson, XC602699, accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/602699]
When it comes to nesting, Yellow-rumped Warblers exhibit a penchant for crafting their abodes within conifer trees. These nests are skillfully constructed using twigs, pine needles, grass, and other plant materials. The interiors are then lined with soft grass, moss, and hair. The female typically lays up to six eggs, which hatch within two weeks. Subsequently, the young warblers require an additional two weeks to gain the confidence to venture out into the world.
To attract Yellow-rumped Warblers to your backyard, offer them a delectable array of sunflower seeds, suet, raisins, and peanut butter.
Fun Fact: During winter, Yellow-rumped Warblers assemble in flocks numbering in the thousands. They possess a proclivity for assertiveness when it comes to other species encroaching upon their territory.
3. Western Kingbird
As the seasons shift towards the warmth of spring and summer, the Western Kingbird claims its domain in New Mexico. They can be frequently spotted from April to mid-November, featuring in 24% of summer checklists.
Sporting yellow bellies, whitish chests, gray heads, grayish-brown wings, and black tails adorned with white edges, Western Kingbirds exemplify the charm of large flycatchers.
Scientific Name: Tyrannus verticalis
Length: 7.9-9.4 inches (20-24 cm)
Weight: 1.3-1.6 ounces (37-46 g)
Wingspan: 15.0-16.1 inches (38-41 cm)
During the summer months, Western Kingbirds engage in breeding activities across western U.S. states, the plains region, and even Canada. As winter approaches, they embark on a migratory journey, seeking refuge in Mexico and Central America. However, a few resilient individuals choose to remain throughout the year in the southern reaches of Florida.
If you yearn to spot Western Kingbirds, venture into open habitats where they frequently perch upon fences and utility lines, patiently awaiting the opportune moment to snatch insects mid-flight.
Listen to the distinctive call of the Western Kingbird:
[Insert audio clip: Paul Marvin, XC552239, accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/552239]
Western Kingbirds prefer to build their nests in trees, shrubs, and occasionally even human-made structures. The females employ twigs, grass, and plant material to fashion their nests, meticulously weaving them into sturdy cup-shaped structures.
These avian architects lay up to seven eggs, which incubate for approximately two to three weeks. Once the young kingbirds hatch, they remain in the nest for a similar duration before venturing forth into the world.
To entice Western Kingbirds to grace your yard, cultivate an environment teeming with insects and consider planting elderberry or hawthorn trees, which serve as a bountiful feast for these splendid creatures.
Fun Fact: Western Kingbird parents dutifully nourish their fledglings for an additional three weeks after leaving the nest, ensuring their young ones receive ample sustenance as they navigate the early stages of life.
4. Western Meadowlark
A timeless symbol of New Mexico’s majestic landscapes, the Western Meadowlark thrives within our borders throughout the year. Summer checklists indicate their presence in 10% of observations, while they appear in 8% of winter checklists.
Featuring bright yellow bellies and enchanting melodies, Western Meadowlarks possess the power to uplift spirits with their presence.
Belonging to the blackbird family, these birds bear a resemblance to the Robin in terms of size, boasting shades of brown and white on their upperparts. Their distinguishing feature lies in the striking black V-shaped band adorning their vibrant yellow chest, which transitions to a soothing gray during the winter months.
Scientific Name: Sturnella neglecta
Length: 6.3-10.2 inches (16-26 cm)
Weight: 3.1-4.1 ounces (89-115 g)
Wingspan: 16.1 inches (41 cm)
Western Meadowlarks that breed in northern U.S. states and Canada embark on migratory journeys to more southern regions during winter. However, those inhabiting the western and midwestern regions remain steadfast, embracing the entirety of the year within their chosen territories.
These delightful creatures favor grasslands, meadows, and fields as their habitats of choice. While foraging for sustenance, they predominantly roam the ground alone or in small flocks. They generally avoid dense shrubby vegetation and wooded areas. In the summer, their diet consists mainly of insects, while during winter, they transition to a diet dominated by seeds and grains.
Marvel at the pleasing series of tweets, warbles, and whistles emitted by Western Meadowlarks:
[Insert audio clip: Matt Wistrand, XC638594, accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/638594]
If you wish to attract Western Meadowlarks to your backyard, offer them sunflower seeds and cracked corn, enticing them with a feast they cannot resist.
Fun Fact: Western Meadowlarks hold the esteemed honor of being chosen as the state bird for six U.S. states.
5. Western Tanager
Embodying the essence of New Mexico’s vibrantavian inhabitants, the Western Tanager blesses our state during the breeding season from mid-March to November. These delightful birds grace 15% of summer checklists.
Dressed in resplendent attire, the Western Tanager showcases a flaming orange-red head, complemented by a yellow body and black wings. While females exhibit red faces with yellow-green bodies, juvenile individuals do not match the brilliance of their adult counterparts.
Scientific Name: Piranga ludoviciana
Length: 6.3-7.5 inches (16-19 cm)
Weight: 0.8-1.3 ounces (24-36 g)
Western Tanagers predominantly breed in western U.S. states and western Canada. During migration, they extend their presence to the eastern and southern regions of their range. As winter arrives, they embark on a journey to Mexico and Central America.
To catch a glimpse of Western Tanagers, venture into open conifer forests. However, be prepared for the challenge, as their vibrant plumage allows them to blend seamlessly with the canopy. Interestingly, the population of these striking birds has witnessed an increase over the past four decades.
During the summer season, Western Tanagers feast primarily on insects such as wasps and grasshoppers. As fall and winter ensue, they broaden their diet to include various fruits.
Immerse yourself in the melodious song of the Western Tanager:
[Insert audio clip: Richard E. Webster, XC678811, accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/678811]
When constructing their nests, female Western Tanagers favor open areas within trees. They skillfully utilize large twigs as the foundation, interweaving roots and smaller twigs to form a robust cup-like structure. The nest is lined with soft grass, pine needles, hair, and other plant materials. The female typically lays around four eggs, which incubate for approximately two weeks.
To beckon Western Tanagers to your backyard, offer them dried fruit, cut oranges, and other fruit varieties through your bird feeders.
Fun Fact: The vibrant red coloring displayed by Western Tanagers is likely a result of their diet, which includes insects that produce a pigment their bodies cannot generate on their own.
6. Wilson’s Warbler
As the seasons transition, Wilson’s Warblers make their presence known during their migratory travels across New Mexico. These delightful creatures frequently pass through from April to May and again from August to October. Reports indicate their appearance in up to 40% of checklists during migration.
Wilson’s Warblers manifest as tiny, round yellow warblers, characterized by a large black cap in males and a smaller black cap in females.
Scientific Name: Cardellina pusilla
Length: 3.9-4.7 inches (10-12 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.3 ounces (5-10 g)
Wingspan: 5.5-6.7 inches (14-17 cm)
While Wilson’s Warblers breed in Canada, Alaska, and northwestern U.S. states, they traverse the entire range of the United States during migration. Winter months find them seeking solace in Mexico and Central America.
To spot these delightful creatures, explore areas along streams, thickets, and forest edges where they diligently forage for insects, larvae, and spiders.
Listen to the captivating song of the Wilson’s Warbler:
[Insert audio clip: Thomas G. Graves, XC561438, accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/561438]
When constructing their nests, Wilson’s Warblers employ concealed locations near trees or shrubs, typically near the ground level. Leaves and sedges form the base of the nest, interwoven with grass, bark, moss, and other plant materials. Soft grass
and animal hair line the interior. The female lays around five eggs, which incubate for approximately eleven days. Subsequently, the fledglings require an additional ten days before venturing forth from the nest.
While Wilson’s Warblers may not visit feeders, you can entice them to your backyard by cultivating native trees and shrubs, creating a haven that appeals to their natural preferences.
Fun Fact: Wilson’s Warblers have a unique strategy for distracting potential nest predators. They simulate a broken wing, luring the predator away from the nest before abruptly flying off, ensuring the safety of their offspring.
7. American Goldfinch
Embracing the eastern reaches of New Mexico during winter, the American Goldfinch takes center stage, albeit with occasional year-round sightings. Summer checklists indicate their appearance in 2% of observations, while winter checklists note their presence in 8%.
American Goldfinches captivate with their popularity, particularly due to the resplendent bright yellow and black coloring adorning the males during spring. In contrast, the females exhibit a more subdued brown hue, which also characterizes the appearance of males during winter.
Scientific Name: Spinus tristis
Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.7 ounces (11-20 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 inches (19-22 cm)
American Goldfinches can be encountered throughout most of North America, with a tendency to reside in a specific region year-round. However, individuals that breed in Canada and the Midwest migrate to the southern U.S. states for winter.
To spot American Goldfinches, explore weedy fields and overgrown areas abundant with sunflower, thistle, and aster plants. These charming creatures are equally at home in suburbs, parks, and backyards.
Enjoy the melodious sounds of the American Goldfinch:
[Insert audio clip]
When it comes to nest-building, American Goldfinches prefer shrubs as their base of operations. They meticulously construct their nests using rootlets and plant materials, weaving them together and securing them to branches with spider webs. These intricately crafted nests are where the female lays up to seven eggs. The incubation period spans approximately two weeks, with the fledglings leaving the nest within two to two and a half weeks.
To allure American Goldfinches to your yard, plant thistles and milkweed, which serve as irresistible temptations. They readily visit most bird feeders, displaying a particular preference for sunflower and nyjer seeds.
Fun Fact: American Goldfinches have an intriguing relationship with cowbirds. These clever birds refuse to raise cowbird chicks, as their strictly vegetarian diet fails to meet the nutritional needs of the cowbird offspring, resulting in their demise within a few days.
8. Yellow Warbler
From mid-March to October, the Yellow Warbler graces New Mexico with its radiant presence, delighting those fortunate enough to encounter its vibrant plumage. These charming birds can be observed in up to 9% of summer checklists.
Yellow Warblers, with their small frames adorned in bright yellow feathers, captivate the senses. The males sport chestnut streaks on their breasts, while females and juveniles possess a more subdued appearance.
Scientific Name: Setophaga petechia
Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (9-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.3-7.9 inches (16-20 cm)
Yellow Warblers undertake a lengthy migratory journey to breed in Canada and the United States, excluding southeastern states. Subsequently, they
journey to Central and South America for winter. During migration, they can be observed in southeastern U.S. states.
To catch a glimpse of Yellow Warblers, explore areas along streams, wetlands, thickets, and field edges. These habitats provide abundant opportunities for foraging, as they actively seek out insects such as caterpillars, midges, beetles, bugs, and wasps.
Indulge in the sweet sounds of the Yellow Warbler:
[Insert audio clip]
When it comes to nesting, Yellow Warblers favor small trees or shrubs as their nesting sites. They construct their nests using bark, grass, and various plant materials, expertly woven together and secured with spider webs. The interiors are lined with soft materials like hair, feathers, and plant down. The female typically lays up to seven eggs, which incubate for approximately twelve days. Subsequently, the young warblers require ten more days before they courageously venture out into the world.
To attract Yellow Warblers to your backyard, provide them with suet, oranges, peanut butter, and plants bearing berries. Additionally, planting native species that attract insects without the use of pesticides or excessive tidiness proves enticing to these delightful creatures. Birdbaths with fountains placed near secluded plantings can offer both refreshment and protection.
Fun Fact: Yellow Warblers frequently fall victim to cowbirds’ parasitic tendencies. When a cowbird egg is detected in their nest, Yellow Warblers resort to building a new nest on top of the old one, repeating the process up to six times.
9. Summer Tanager
As the sun casts its warm glow upon New Mexico, the Summer Tanager graces our landscapes during the breeding season from April to mid-November. They enchant us, appearing in 9% of checklists during this period.
Male Summer Tanagers exude a mesmerizing red hue, accentuated by their robust beaks. In contrast, females and juveniles showcase a predominantly yellow coloration with subtle hints of green on their backs.
Scientific Name: Piranga rubra
Length: 6.7 inches (17 cm)
Weight: 1.1 ounces (30 g)
Summer Tanagers embark on their breeding journey across southern and eastern U.S. states before venturing into the realms of Central and South America for winter.
To spot these avian beauties, explore open woodlands, where they actively pursue bees and wasps mid-flight. Their hunting technique involves capturing their prey, dispatching them by beating them against branches, and rubbing off the stinger before consuming them.
Immerse yourself in the melodious song of the Summer Tanager:
[Insert audio clip]
When it comes to nest construction, female Summer Tanagers prefer the ends of overhanging branches within open areas. Their nests consist of grass and other plant materials, culminating in a rather haphazard structure. However, despite its appearance, it successfully cradles around four eggs. The incubation period lasts approximately ten days, followed by another ten days before the young ones take their initial flights.
To entice Summer Tanagers to your backyard, cultivate berry bushes and fruit trees, providing a sumptuous feast for these delightful visitors.
Fun Fact: Young Scarlet Tanagers continue to receive parental care for an additional three weeks after leaving the nest, ensuring their successful transition into the world of flight.
10. Orange-crowned Warbler
While occasional sightings of Orange-crowned Warblers occur throughout the year, they are more commonly observed during the fall migration from August to October.
Orange-crowned Warblers possess a modest coloration compared to their fellow warbler species. Their yellow-olive plumage, occasionally transitioning to a more yellow shade on the Pacific Coast, fails to capture immediate attention. Their orange crown, although
present, remains hidden from view.
Scientific Name: Leiothlypis celata
Length: 4.3-5.5 inches (11-14 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (7-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5 inches (19 cm)
Orange-crowned Warblers breed in Canada and western U.S. states, embarking on migratory journeys that span the Pacific, East and Gulf Coasts, and Mexico. Their migration path excludes the northeastern U.S. states. During migration, they may be spotted across all U.S. states.
To encounter Orange-crowned Warblers, explore areas abundant with shrubs and low vegetation. While they typically forage within this habitat, during the breeding season, they exhibit a preference for open woodlands. Their diet primarily comprises spiders and insects, including caterpillars and flies. They also display a fondness for fruit, berries, and seeds, making regular visits to backyard feeders.
Indulge in the captivating song of the Orange-crowned Warbler:
[Insert audio clip]
When constructing their nests, Orange-crowned Warblers select locations near or on the ground, utilizing dead leaves, twigs, and stems. The nest’s base is skillfully woven together, while the interior is lined with soft grass and animal hair. The female lays up to six eggs, incubating them for about two weeks.
To attract Orange-crowned Warblers to your backyard, offer suet and peanut butter through feeders or set up hummingbird feeders filled with sugar water nectar.
Fun Fact: Orange-crowned Warblers exhibit an interesting behavior of drinking from the sapwells created by sapsuckers and woodpeckers.
11. Common Yellowthroat
The breeding season in New Mexico, from April to October, welcomes the arrival of the delightful Common Yellowthroat, which can be observed in approximately 8% of summer checklists.
Witness the charm of these small songbirds, adorned with a brownish back and vibrant yellow underparts, complemented by their elongated tails. The males don a black mask across their faces, while the intensity of the yellow hue may vary geographically, sometimes transitioning to an olive shade below.
Scientific Name: Geothlypis trichas
Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.3 ounces (9-10 g)
Wingspan: 5.9-7.5 inches (15-19 cm)
During summer, Common Yellowthroats breed across most of North America, except for Alaska and northern Canada. However, some individuals remain along the Gulf Coast and Pacific Southwest throughout the year. As winter approaches, they embark on a migration journey southwards.
To encounter Common Yellowthroats, venture into marshy or wetland areas, as well as brushy fields adorned with dense, tangled vegetation.
Listen to the melodious song of the Common Yellowthroat:
[Insert audio clip]
Nests constructed by female Common Yellowthroats are positioned near the ground within marshy regions, relying on the support of reeds. These nests are woven using grass, sedges, leaves, and grass, forming a platform. The female lays up to six eggs, which incubate for approximately twelve days. Subsequently, after another sixteen days or so, the young ones courageously leave the nest.
To attract Common Yellowthroats to your backyard, cultivate dense vegetation and native plants that entice insects, offering a favorable foraging environment.
Fun Fact: Male Common Yellowthroats perceive the black mask of their counterparts as a signal of their own gender during courtship. Intriguingly, they fiercely defend against perceived intruders that lack this distinctive feature.
12. Evening Grosbeaks
The enchanting Evening Grosbeaks, while vulnerable in New Mexico, grace us with their presence during migration and remain year-round in the northern parts of the state.
Evening Grosbeaks, known for their robust build, showcase a striking pattern of vibrant yellow and black. Adult males flaunt a brilliant yellow stripe above their eyes, exuding an air of fierceness. Their heads are adorned with black plumage, complemented by gray necks. Yellow dominates their chests and bellies, while their wings bear a distinct white patch.
Females and juvenile males, on the other hand, boast greenish bills, primarily gray bodies, and wings adorned with black and white feathers. The neck exhibits a subtle yellow tinge.
Scientific Name: Hesperiphona vespertina
Length: 6.3-8.7 inches (16-22 cm)
Weight: 1.37-3.04 ounces (38.7-86.1 g)
Wingspan: 12-14 inches (30-36 cm)
Evening Grosbeaks establish their breeding grounds across southern Canada, along the west coast reaching northern California. However, when cone crops prove scarce, they embark on southward migrations, exploring numerous U.S. states.
To catch a glimpse of Evening Grosbeaks, explore forests and mountainous regions. During winter, they are often attracted to backyard feeders, seeking an easily accessible food supply.
Evening Grosbeaks display a varied diet depending on the season. During spring, they indulge in flower buds, while summer sees them feasting on insect larvae found atop trees. Winter beckons them to backyard feeders, where they savor seeds, berries, and small fruits.
Immerse yourself in the melodious song of the Evening Grosbeak:
[Insert audio clip]
Nests of Evening Grosbeaks are typically nestled within pine trees, reaching heights of up to 100 feet above the ground. These nests are loosely constructed using twigs, rootlets, grass, moss, and pine needles. The female lays up to five eggs, incubating them for a span of two weeks until they hatch.
To attract Evening Grosbeaks to your backyard during winter, offer sunflower seeds, berries, and maple buds as enticing treats.
Fun Fact: Thanks to their powerful bills, Evening Grosbeaks can effortlessly crush seeds that prove challenging for smaller birds to open, thus lingering around to consume what remains.
13. Cedar Waxwings
The elegant Cedar Waxwings grace us with their year-round presence in New Mexico, making appearances in approximately 2% of both summer and winter checklists.
Cedar Waxwings exhibit a captivating aesthetic, with pale brown plumage adorning their heads, chests, and crests, transitioning to a gray hue on their backs and wings. Their bellies showcase a delicate pale yellow, while the wingtips bear a vibrant touch of bright yellow. A narrow black mask accentuates their eyes, and the wingtips boast a vivid shade of red.
Scientific Name: Bombycilla cedrorum
Length: 5.5-6.7 inches (14-17 cm)
Weight: 1.1 ounces (32 g)
Wingspan: 8.7-11.8 inches (22-30 cm)
Cedar Waxwings undertake their breeding activities in Canada before embarking on a southern journey to the United States, Mexico, and Central America during winter. Additionally, a resident population exists in the northern U.S. states throughout the year.
To spot Cedar Waxwings, explore areas abundant in berry bushes, woodlands, grasslands, towns, and streamside locations. Their diet primarily consists of fruit, although they also savor insects during the summer months.
Listen to the delightful call of the Cedar Waxwing:
[Insert audio clip]
Nests of Cedar Waxwings are crafted within trees, fashioned from twigs, grass, hair, and plant material. These nests are lined with pine needles and soft grass, providing a cozy environment for their eggs. The female lays up to six eggs, which take around twelve days to hatch. The young birds typically leave the nest after approximately sixteen days.
To entice Cedar Waxwings to your backyard, consider planting native trees and shrubs that bear small fruits, such as serviceberry, dogwood, juniper, winterberry, and hawthorn. Additionally, offering fruit on platform feeders may prove appealing.
Fun Fact: When courting a potential mate, Cedar Waxwings engage in the charming act of gift-giving, passing items of interest between them.
14. Yellow-headed Blackbirds
Behold the captivating presence of the Yellow-headed Blackbirds, gracing the landscapes of New Mexico throughout the year, with heightened sightings during their migration periods from April to May and July to October.
These striking avian creatures possess glossy black bodies accompanied by bright yellow heads and chests, accentuated by white patches on their wings, particularly in males. Females, on the other hand, showcase a brown hue instead of black, with a more subdued yellow head. Notably, Yellow-headed Blackbirds are larger in size compared to their Red-winged counterparts.
Scientific Name: Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus
Length: 8.3-10.2 inches (21-26 cm)
Weight: 1.6-3.5 ounces (44-100 g)
Wingspan: 16.5-17.3 inches (42-44 cm)
These avian beauties find their breeding grounds in western and prairie wetlands, constructing their nests amidst the reeds. They forage across surrounding wetlands, grasslands, and fields, primarily targeting insects during the summer season.
Following the breeding period, Yellow-headed Blackbirds embark on migratory journeys to fields and farmlands in Southwest states and Mexico, forming impressive flocks for their winter stay.
Their diet varies with the changing seasons. In summer, Yellow-headed Blackbirds primarily feed on insects, while in winter, they shift their focus to seeds and grains.
Immerse yourself in the distinctive sounds of Yellow-headed Blackbirds, characterized by screeching buzzes accompanied by melodious notes:
[Insert audio clip]
Nests of Yellow-headed Blackbirds are skillfully constructed from long, wet stems, skillfully woven together and attached to cattails or reeds above the water’s surface. These nests serve as home to 2-5 eggs, which incubate for approximately two weeks before hatching. The young birds take another week or two to fledge.
To attract the majestic Yellow-headed Blackbirds to your yard, entice them with sunflower seeds.
Fun Fact: Yellow-headed Blackbirds exhibit a peculiar hunting behavior, flipping over stones to flush out insects, showcasing their resourcefulness in the quest for sustenance.
15. Eastern Meadowlarks
The Eastern Meadowlarks, although classified as near-threatened in New Mexico, grace the region with their presence throughout the year, becoming particularly prevalent during the summer season.
These medium-sized songbirds exude charm, with bright yellow underparts and pale brown plumage adorning their backs. A distinctive black band adorns their chests, adding to their allure.
Scientific Name: Sturnella magna
Length: 7.5-10.2 inches (19-26 cm)
Weight: 3.2-5.3 ounces (90-150 g)
Wingspan: 13.8-15.8 inches (35-40 cm)
Eastern Meadowlarks are found across eastern US states year-round, with breeding populations also extending into the Northeast and Canada before embarking on migratory journeys southward.
Spring in the East is heralded by the enchanting songs and captivating displays of Eastern Meadowlarks, although their near-threatened status serves as a poignant reminder of their vulnerability.
These enchanting birds can be spotted on the ground within grasslands and prairies, relishing in their feasts of insects. During winter, they gather in large flocks, scouring fields in search of seeds.
Delight in the melodious flute-like whistles of the Eastern Meadowlark:
[Insert audio clip]
Nests of Eastern Meadowlarks are marvels of construction, situated on the ground, often embellished with intricate tunnels and roofs woven from grasses. These nests serve as incubation chambers for their clutch of eggs,
typically amounting to four. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by another sixteen days or so before the young take flight.
Fun Fact: The repertoire of Eastern Meadowlarks encompasses an impressive array of more than 100 songs, contributing to their status as accomplished vocalists.
16. Scott’s Oriole
The Scott’s Oriole, a migratory visitor during the breeding season, graces the landscapes of New Mexico predominantly from April to September. These fascinating birds account for around 2% of the summer checklists.
Male Scott’s Orioles boast a distinctive appearance, characterized by their large size and vibrant plumage. Their bright yellow undersides, black heads, and black backs, accompanied by a touch of black beneath their tails, create a captivating visual spectacle. Conversely, females exhibit a paler yellow hue with olive-brown backs.
Scientific Name: Icterus parisorum
Length: 9.1 inches (23 cm)
Weight: 1.1-1.4 ounces (32-41 g)
Wingspan: 12.6 inches (32 cm)
Scott’s Orioles breed in the southwestern US states and northern Mexico before embarking on a southward migration for winter. A smaller population remains in southern Mexico and Baja California year-round.
To catch a glimpse of the resplendent Scott’s Orioles, venture into arid regions with higher slopes, where they are known to reside. These birds display a penchant for insects, nectar, and fruit, often found perched on yuccas and serenading the surroundings with their early morning melodies.
Immerse yourself in the sweet series of whistles that make up the Scott’s Oriole song:
[Insert audio clip]
Nests of Scott’s Orioles are typically situated at moderate heights, approximately 20 feet above the ground, in hanging baskets woven from grass and plant materials.
To attract Scott’s Orioles to your backyard, offer sugar water, jelly, and oranges as delectable treats.
Fun Fact: Scott’s Orioles display a remarkable dietary adaptation, as they selectively feed on monarch butterflies, carefully choosing those with the lowest toxin content.
17. Hooded Orioles
Prepare to be enthralled by the presence of Hooded Orioles in New Mexico, as they make their appearances from mid-March to mid-October, primarily concentrated in the southern regions of the state.
Male Hooded Orioles exhibit a captivating range of colors, spanning from bright yellow to vibrant orange, complemented by black throats and backs. In contrast, females and immatures display a more yellowish hue, accentuated by grayish wings. Notably, females lack the black face markings that distinguish their male counterparts.
Scientific Name: Icterus cucullatus
Length: 7.1-7.9 inches (18-20 cm)
Weight: 0.8 ounces (24 g)
Wingspan: 9.1-11.0 inches (23-28 cm)
Hooded Orioles breed in the southern US states, constructing hanging nests on the undersides of palm fronds. During winter, they migrate to Mexico, while some individuals remain year-round along the Gulf Coast of Mexico and Central America.
Interestingly, some Hooded Orioles have altered their migratory behavior, foregoing migration from southern US states due to the availability of food from nectar feeders and fruit provided by bird enthusiasts. These charismatic birds predominantly inhabit dry open areas, often in proximity to palm trees.
Indulge in the delightful sounds emanating from Hooded Orioles, as the males serenade their surroundings with a combination of jumbled whistles and warbles, while the females emit less intricate songs, accompanied by sharp calls:
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Nests of Hooded Orioles are suspended at heights of approximately 20 feet above the ground. These intricate hanging baskets are
meticulously woven from grass and plant materials.
To entice Hooded Orioles to visit your backyard, present them with offerings of sugar water, jelly, and oranges.
Fun Fact: The coloration of Hooded Orioles can vary depending on their geographic location, with individuals in Texas often exhibiting an orange hue, while those further west tend to showcase a yellow coloration.
18. Painted Bunting
Gaze upon the enchanting female Painted Bunting, although sightings in New Mexico may be relatively infrequent, they grace the region with their presence from mid-April to October.
Male Painted Buntings present an awe-inspiring display of vibrant colors, with predominantly red undersides, resplendent blue heads, verdant wings, and backs. Females, on the other hand, exhibit a bright yellow-green plumage.
Scientific Name: Passerina ciris
Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.5-0.7 ounces (13-19 g)
Painted Buntings breed in select US states, primarily in the south-central and southeastern regions, before embarking on nocturnal migrations to Central America, southern Florida, and various Caribbean islands.
To encounter the delightful Painted Buntings, venture into semi-open habitats, where they engage in foraging activities, predominantly targeting seeds and insects during the breeding season.
Delight in the melodious songs of the Painted Bunting, as they weave a melodic tapestry:
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Nests of Painted Buntings are carefully concealed amidst vegetation, approximately five feet above the ground. Constructed from a combination of twigs, bark, grass, and plant materials, these nests are meticulously lined with horsehair, offering a soft and cozy abode for the incubation of around four eggs. The young hatch after approximately ten days, with an additional nine days until they fledge.
To attract Painted Buntings to your backyard, create an inviting oasis filled with their preferred seeds, such as white millet or black oil sunflower seeds, alongside dense vegetation that provides ample hiding spots.
Fun Fact: Male Painted Buntings exhibit fierce territorial behavior, occasionally engaging in fights that can result in fatal consequences.
19. Dickcissel
Introducing the captivating Dickcissel, gracing the landscapes of New Mexico during the summer months, although their presence is more pronounced during the fall migration in September.
Male Dickcissels exude an arresting charm, characterized by their chunky stature and distinct black throat patches, accentuating their yellow chests. Their grayish heads provide a striking backdrop for the pronounced yellow eyebrow line. Females mirror these markings, albeit with a slightly paler or duller coloration. Notably, female Dickcissels lack the black throat patch present in males, with only a subtle hint of yellow on their chests.
Scientific Name: Spiza americana
Length: 5.5-6.3 inches (14-16 cm)
Weight: 0.9-1.4 ounces (25.6-38.4 g)
Wingspan: 9.8-10.2 inches (24.8-26 cm)
Dickcissels breed in the Central and Great Plains of the US before embarking on extensive migratory journeys to Mexico, Central America, and northern South America.
In their search for sustenance, Dickcissels inhabit meadows, prairies, light-grazed pastures, and roadsides, where they thrive on insects and seeds. During the summer season, their diet primarily consists of grasshoppers, caterpillars, beetles, and crickets, while they shift their focus to seeds, weeds, grasses, and cultivated grains at other times of the year.
Indulge in the delightful melodies of the Dickcissel as they sing their flute-like whistles:
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Nests of Dickcissels exhibit remarkable construction skills, often situated in thick yet small shrubs, grasses, or trees, at heights of up to four feet. These nests, woven from weeds, grass, and leaves, possess a cozy interior lined with fine grass and animal hair. The female lays up to six eggs, which hatch after two weeks, with the young birds ready to take flight after approximately ten days.
Fun Fact: During the fall migration, Dickcissels form awe-inspiring congregations, with their numbers ranging from thousands to millions, creating an awe-inspiring spectacle on their journey to winter grounds.
20. Nashville Warblers
The graceful Nashville Warblers make their presence known in New Mexico during the spring and fall migration, as they traverse the region from April to May and August to November.
Nashville Warblers exhibit a predominantly yellow coloration underneath, juxtaposed with white lower bellies. Their backs boast a greenish-yellow hue, while their heads are adorned with a gray crown and a distinct white eyering. Females and juveniles display a slightly less vibrant appearance compared to the males.
Scientific Name: Leiothlypis ruficapilla
Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.5 ounces (6.7-13.9 g)
Wingspan: 6.7-7.9 inches (17-20 cm)
Nashville Warblers breed in northeastern US states and Canada, with a smaller population found in northwestern US states and British Columbia. During migration, they can be observed in most US states, while their winter sojourns predominantly take place in Mexico.
To encounter the captivating Nashville Warblers, explore scrubby habitats and low deciduous forests, where they engage in their hunt for insects.
Allow yourself to be enchanted by the sweet series of whistles that emanate from the Nashville Warbler’s song:
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Nests of Nashville Warblers are skillfully concealed amidst shrubs, located close to the ground. Constructed from bark, grass, moss, and woven into a cup shape, these nests offer a cozy retreat for the incubation of around four eggs. The eggs hatch after approximately twelve days, and it takes an additional ten days for the young birds to leave the nest.
During the winter months in southern US states, you can attract Nashville Warblers to your backyard by providing suet as a nourishing treat.
Fun Fact: Nashville Warblers exhibit a change in migratory behavior, with first-year individuals migrating along the Atlantic Coast, while subsequent migrations occur inland.
21. Orchard Oriole
Feast your eyes upon the elusive female Orchard Oriole, as their sightings in New Mexico may be relatively rare, occurring from April to mid-October.
The female Orchard Oriole showcases an overall greenish-yellow plumage, with a paler underbelly and darker back. Their wings sport darker hues and distinct white wingbars.
In stark contrast, the males boast bold and vibrant colors, with black heads and backs, and reddish undersides.
Scientific Name: Icterus spurius
Length: 5.9-7.1 inches (15-18 cm)
Weight: 0.6-1.0 ounces (16-28 g)
Wingspan: 9.8 inches (25 cm)
During the summer, Orchard Orioles breed in the eastern half of the United States before embarking on a southward migration to Mexico and Central America.
Orchard Orioles favor open woodlands as well as riverbanks, open shrublands, farms, and even backyards. They construct hanging pouch-like nests.
Their diet primarily consists of insects, including ants, caterpillars, beetles, grasshoppers, and spiders. They also indulge in nectar from flowers and consume fruits such as mulberries and chokeberries.
Immerse yourself in the delightful symphony of jumbled whistles emitted by Orchard Orioles, lasting approximately 3 to 4 seconds:
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Nests of Orchard Orioles are exquisite cups woven from long grasses and suspended from small branches of trees. They lay 4 to 6 eggs, which hatch after approximately two weeks.
To attract Orchard Orioles to your yard, consider providing hummingbird feeders or platform feeders adorned with cut oranges or mangoes. Additionally, planting native berry plants such as mulberries or chokeberries can entice these charming birds.
Fun Fact: Orchard Orioles hold the distinction of being the smallest species of blackbird in North America.
22. American Redstart
Behold the graceful presence of the female American Redstart, although sightings in New Mexico are not common, occasional glimpses during their migratory journeys in May and September are possible.
Male American Redstarts display predominantly black plumage, adorned with striking orange patches and a white belly. In contrast, females exhibit olive-gray tones instead of black, embellished with numerous yellow patches.
Scientific Name: Setophaga ruticilla
Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.3 ounces (6-9 g)
Wingspan: 6.3-7.5 inches (16-19 cm)
American Redstarts breed in eastern US states and Canada, extending to northwestern US states. They may also make appearances during migration in central and western US states.
Deciduous woodlands serve as a favored habitat for American Redstarts, where they thrive on a diet primarily comprising insects. However, they can also be found in backyards and thickets, relishing the consumption of berries such as serviceberry and magnolia.
Delight in the melodic drops in pitch characterizing the song of the American Redstart:
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Nests of American Redstarts are strategically positioned near the trunk of trees or large shrubs, fashioned from bark, grass, and other plant materials intricately woven into a cup-like structure. They lay up to five eggs, which hatch in just under two weeks, with the young birds leaving the nest within a week or two.
To attract American Redstarts to your backyard, consider planting berry plants such as magnolia and serviceberry.
Fun Fact: American Redstart parents selectively feed specific chicks, showcasing a remarkable feeding strategy.
23. Hooded Warbler
Prepare to be enchanted by the rare appearance of the Hooded Warbler in New Mexico, as
sightings may be infrequent, with the possibility of encountering them during May and June.
The male Hooded Warbler captivates with its bright yellow face, adorned by a distinctive black hood and throat. Their underbellies radiate a sunny yellow hue, while their upper plumage showcases an elegant olive-green. A charming spectacle awaits when these birds flick their tails upward, revealing the white under their tails.
Females and immature Hooded Warblers exude a more yellowish appearance, lacking the striking black face markings.
Scientific Name: Setophaga citrina
Length: 5.1 inches (13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (9-12 g)
Wingspan: 6.9 inches (17.5 cm)
Hooded Warblers breed in eastern US states before embarking on a southward journey to Central America and the Caribbean for winter.
Venture into forests boasting dense understories to catch a glimpse of Hooded Warblers, as they skillfully hunt insects and spiders.
Immerse yourself in the captivating song of the Hooded Warbler:
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Nests of Hooded Warblers are strategically situated near forests and clearings, woven into shrubs using bark, grass, and other plant materials to form a cozy cup-like structure. They lay approximately four eggs, which hatch after twelve days, with the young birds departing the nest within nine days.
To create an inviting haven for Hooded Warblers in your backyard, consider planting native shrubs and plants that attract insects while providing protection.
Fun Fact: Hooded Warblers possess white spots on their tails, believed to startle insects, facilitating easier capture.
24. Prothonotary Warbler
Rare glimpses of the Prothonotary Warbler may grace the state of New Mexico during migration, although their appearances are not commonplace.
Prothonotary Warblers radiate brilliant hues of bright yellow, accentuated by blue-gray wings and tails. These Warblers boast a larger size compared to their counterparts and are distinguished by their thick black beaks. Their snowy white under-tail feathers add a touch of elegance. Females, while less vivid, maintain a subtle allure with their subdued tones.
Scientific Name: Protonotaria citrea
Length: 5.1 inches (13 cm)
Weight: 0.44 ounces (12.5 g)
Wingspan: 8.75 inches (22 cm)
Prothonotary Warblers breed in eastern US states, embarking on a winter sojourn to Mexico and northern South America.
Embark on an adventure near streams and wet woodlands to observe Prothonotary Warblers as they forage for spiders, insects, and snails. During winter, their diet expands to include fruits and seeds.
Indulge in the sweet melodies of the Prothonotary Warbler’s song:
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Nests of Prothonotary Warblers repurpose abandoned woodpecker nest holes in trees located near water sources. Males contribute by placing moss inside the hole, while the female constructs a cup-shaped nest using grass, leaves, and other plant materials.
They lay up to seven eggs, which hatch within approximately two weeks, and the young birds depart the nest after an additional ten days.
To invite Prothonotary Warblers to your backyard, consider providing a nest box if you reside near wetland areas.
Fun Fact: The name “Prothonotary” is derived from the bright yellow robes worn by officials in the Roman Catholic church, which inspired the name for these vibrant Warblers.