During the arrival of warblers in spring and summer in Ontario, yellow birds become a common sight, but in the winter season, only the American Goldfinch can be easily spotted as a yellow bird.
To assist you in identifying the yellow birds you’ve seen in Ontario, this comprehensive guide provides pictures, identification information, song recordings, and migration patterns.
In Ontario, most yellow birds belong to the warbler, oriole, or blackbird families, and sometimes female birds look distinctly different from their male counterparts.
With the abundant information provided in this guide, identifying yellow birds will become much simpler. The following list arranges the yellow birds commonly spotted in Ontario, based on ebird checklists in spring and summer (May and June).
Yellow birds found in Ontario throughout the year include the American Goldfinch, Cedar Waxwing, Yellow-headed Blackbird, and Western Meadowlark.
Yellow birds seen in Ontario during the summer consist of the Yellow Warbler, Yellow-rumped Warbler, Common Yellowthroat, Baltimore Oriole, American Redstart, Nashville Warbler, Black-throated Green Warbler, Magnolia Warbler, Eastern Meadowlark, Pine Warbler, Scarlet Tanager, Orchard Oriole, Canada Warbler, Yellow-throated Vireo, Hooded Warbler, Prothonotary Warbler, White-eyed Vireo, Prairie Warbler, Dickcissel, and Western Kingbird.
In Ontario, the Evening Grosbeak is the only yellow bird commonly observed during winter.
During migration, notable yellow birds passing through Ontario include the Palm Warbler, Cape May Warbler, Wilson’s Warbler, Blue-winged Warbler, and Orange-crowned Warbler.
Therefore, continue reading to successfully identify those yellow birds you’ve spotted.
Here are 30 Yellow Birds in Ontario:
1. American Goldfinch
For identification, here is an American Goldfinch image.
American Goldfinches can be seen all year in southern Ontario, but their population increases during the breeding season. During summer, they are spotted in 44% of checklists, while in winter, they appear in 27% of checklists submitted by bird watchers.
American Goldfinches are beloved birds, with males displaying bright yellow and black plumage in spring. The females, as well as the males during winter, have a more subdued brown coloration.
Scientific Name: Spinus tristis
Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.7 ounces (11-20 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 inches (19-22 cm)
American Goldfinches can be found throughout most of North America and are generally year-round residents. However, those breeding in Canada and the Midwest migrate to southern US states for the winter.
You can spot American Goldfinches foraging in weedy fields, overgrown areas, and among sunflower, thistle, and aster plants. They are also commonly found in suburbs, parks, and backyard settings.
Listen to the American Goldfinch song.
Their nests are typically located in saplings or shrubs, constructed with grass, bark strips, and feathers. The female lays four to six eggs, which take approximately ten to twelve days to hatch. During this period, the male feeds the female while she incubates the eggs.
To attract American Goldfinches to your backyard, consider planting thistles and milkweed. They are frequent visitors to most bird feeders and prefer sunflower seeds and nyjer seed.
Fun Fact: Brown-headed Cowbirds often lay their eggs in American Goldfinch nests, but unfortunately, the seed-based diet provided by the parents is unsuitable for the cowbird chicks, leading to their eventual demise.
2. Yellow Warbler
During the breeding season, Yellow Warblers are the second most commonly observed yellow birds in Ontario. They are present from April to September, with a few individuals staying until December. These warblers appear in 30% of checklists during summer.
Yellow Warblers are small, brightly colored birds with yellow-green backs. The males have chestnut streaks on their breasts, while females and juveniles are less vibrant.
Scientific Name: Setophaga petechia
Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (9-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.3-7.9 inches (16-20 cm)
Yellow Warblers undertake a long-distance migration to breed in Canada and the US, excluding southeastern states. Afterward, they migrate to Central and South America for winter. However, they can be spotted during migration in southeastern US states.
These warblers can be found near streams, wetlands, thickets, and field edges, actively foraging for insects such as caterpillars, midges, beetles, bugs, and wasps.
Listen to the Yellow Warbler song.
Their nests are constructed in small trees or shrubs using bark, grass, and plant materials woven together and secured with spider webs. The nest is then lined with softer materials like hair, feathers, and plant down.
Yellow Warblers lay up to seven eggs, which take around twelve days to hatch. The young birds leave the nest after approximately ten days.
To attract Yellow Warblers to your backyard, offer suet, oranges, peanut butter, and plants with berries. Planting native plants that attract insects without using pesticides or maintaining excessive tidiness is also recommended. Additionally, consider placing birdbaths with fountains near secluded plantings to provide protection.
Fun Fact: When Cowbirds attempt to lay their eggs in Yellow Warbler nests, the warblers respond by building a new nest on top of the old one, repeating this behavior up to six times!
3. Cedar Waxwing
Cedar Waxwings can be observed in Ontario during the breeding season, typically from May to mid-November. However, some individuals remain year-round. They are recorded in 17% of checklists during summer and 2% during winter.
Cedar Waxwings are elegant and sociable birds. They have pale brown heads, chests, and crests, which transition to gray on their backs and wings. Their bellies are pale yellow, and their wings feature bright yellow tips. They also possess a narrow black mask over their eyes and bright red wingtips.
Scientific Name: Bombycilla cedrorum
Length: 5.5-6.7 inches (14-17 cm)
Weight: 1.1 ounces (32 g)
Wingspan: 8.7-11.8 inches (22-30 cm)
Cedar Waxwings breed in Canada before migrating to southern US states, Mexico, and Central America for winter. However, they remain year-round residents in northern US states.
You can spot Cedar Waxwings in berry bushes, woodlands, grasslands, towns, and along streams. Their diet mainly consists of fruit, but they also consume insects during the summer.
Listen to the Cedar Waxwing call.
Cedar Waxwings construct nests using twigs, grass, hair, and plant materials, which are then lined with pine needles and soft grass. They lay up to six eggs, and it takes around twelve days for them to hatch. The young birds leave the nest after approximately sixteen days.
To attract Cedar
Waxwings to your backyard, consider planting native trees and shrubs that bear small fruits such as serviceberry, dogwood, juniper, winterberry, and hawthorn. You can also try using fruit on platform feeders.
Fun Fact: Cedar Waxwings engage in a unique behavior of passing gifts to potential mates during courtship.
4. Yellow-rumped Warbler
Yellow-rumped Warblers can be spotted in Ontario during the breeding season, but their numbers significantly increase during migration from April to May and September to October. They are observed in 16% of checklists during summer and up to 32% during migration.
Yellow-rumped Warblers have gray plumage with flashes of yellow on their faces, sides, and rumps. Their wings are white, and females may display slight brown coloring. During winter, these birds exhibit paler brown tones with bright yellow rumps and sides, transitioning back to yellow and gray in the spring.
Scientific Name: Setophaga coronata
Length: 4.7-5.5 inches (12-14 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 ounces (12-13 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-9.1 inches (19-23 cm)
Yellow-rumped Warblers predominantly breed in Canada, parts of the Rockies, and the Appalachian mountains.
During migration, they can be observed in the Midwest. For winter, they migrate to southern and southwestern US states, the Pacific Coast, Mexico, and Central America.
You can find Yellow-rumped Warblers in coniferous forests, particularly during the breeding season. In winter, they can be seen in open areas with fruiting shrubs. Their diet consists mainly of insects during summer, while fruit, including bayberry and wax myrtle, becomes their primary food source during migration and winter.
Listen to the Yellow-rumped Warbler song.
Nests of Yellow-rumped Warblers are built by females in conifer trees using twigs, pine needles, and grass. The nests are lined with soft grass, moss, and hair. They lay up to six eggs, which take around two weeks to hatch. The young birds leave the nest after approximately two weeks.
To attract Yellow-rumped Warblers to your backyard, offer sunflower seeds, suet, raisins, and peanut butter.
Fun Fact: Yellow-rumped Warblers form flocks numbering in the thousands during winter and can display aggression towards other species that encroach upon their territory.
5. Common Yellowthroat
Common Yellowthroats spend the breeding season in Ontario and are observed in 23% of checklists during summer. They are primarily spotted from May to October.
Common Yellowthroats are small songbirds with brownish backs and bright yellow undersides. They have long tails, and males exhibit black masks across their faces. However, the intensity of their yellow plumage can vary geographically, and some individuals may appear more olive-colored beneath.
Scientific Name: Geothlypis trichas
Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.3 ounces (9-10 g)
Wingspan: 5.9-7.5 inches (15-19 cm)
Common Yellowthroats breed across most of North America, excluding Alaska and northern Canada. Some individuals remain year-round along the Gulf Coast and Pacific Southwest. During winter, they migrate south.
You can find Common Yellowthroats in marshy or wetland areas, as well as brushy fields with thick, tangled vegetation.
Listen to the Common Yellowthroat song.
Nests of Common Yellowthroats are
built by females near the ground in marshy areas, supported by reeds. The nests are made from grass, sedges, and leaves, forming a cup-shaped structure. They lay up to six eggs, which take around twelve days to hatch. The young birds leave the nest after a similar period.
To attract Common Yellowthroats to larger backyards, provide dense vegetation and plant native species that attract insects.
Fun Fact: The presence of a black mask on Common Yellowthroats is an indication to courting males that the bird is male, leading them to attack decoy birds with masks. However, they do not display the same aggression towards birds without masks.
6. Baltimore Oriole (Female)
Baltimore Orioles can be spotted in southern Ontario during summer, usually from May to mid-September, appearing in 24% of checklists during this period.
Baltimore Orioles are vibrant symbols of spring in the eastern regions of North America. Adult males display bright orange and black plumage with white wing bars. Females have yellowish undersides and heads, along with grayish-brown wings and brownish-yellow backs. They are similar in size to Robins but possess a more slender build and belong to the blackbird family.
Scientific Name: Icterus galbula
Length: 6.7-7.5 inches (17-19 cm)
Weight: 1.1-1.4 ounces (30-40 g)
Wingspan: 9.1-11.8 inches (23-30 cm)
Baltimore Orioles breed in eastern and central states of the US, including central-southern Canadian provinces along the southern border with the US.
After breeding, Baltimore Orioles migrate to Florida, Central America, and the Caribbean for winter, often beginning their departure as early as July.
These orioles can be found high up in open woodlands, along riverbanks, and at forest edges, actively foraging for insects and fruit. They frequently visit parks and backyards as well.
Their diet primarily consists of insects such as beetles, crickets, grasshoppers, spiders, and snails. While they contribute to controlling pest populations, Baltimore Orioles can also cause damage to crops such as raspberries, mulberries, cherries, bananas, and oranges.
Listen to the Baltimore Oriole sounds, including their flute-like song, chattering, and sharp alarm calls.
To attract Baltimore Orioles to your backyard, offer halved oranges on a platform feeder or hang them from trees. Oriole feeders filled with sugar water can also be enticing. Planting fruiting plants and nectar-producing plants like raspberries, crab apples, and trumpet vines is highly recommended. Avoid using pesticides and maintain a diverse habitat with secluded planting areas near birdbaths.
Fun Fact: Baltimore Orioles construct remarkable hanging bag-like nests woven from various fibers.
7. American Redstart (Female)
American Redstarts spend their summers in Ontario and can be observed in 16% of summer checklists. They arrive in April and begin their migration in October.
Male American Redstarts feature mostly black plumage with bright orange patches and a white belly. Females, on the other hand, exhibit an olive-gray coloration instead of black, adorned with numerous yellow patches.
Scientific Name: Setophaga ruticilla
Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.3 ounces (6-9 g)
Wingspan: 6.3-7.5 inches (16-19 cm)
American Redstarts breed in the eastern US and Canada, with a smaller population found in the northwestern US and British Columbia. During
migration, they can also be spotted in central and western US states. These birds spend their winter primarily in Mexico.
You can find American Redstarts in deciduous woodlands, backyards, and thickets, where they actively hunt insects. They also feed on berries such as serviceberry and magnolia.
Listen to the American Redstart song.
Nests of American Redstarts are concealed in trees or large shrubs near the trunk. They are constructed using bark, grass, and plant materials, and the interior is lined with soft grass, moss, and hair. American Redstarts lay up to five eggs, which take just under two weeks to hatch. The young birds leave the nest after a week or two.
To attract American Redstarts to your backyard during winter in southern US states, provide suet.
Fun Fact: Male American Redstarts selectively feed certain chicks rather than providing equal care to all of them.
8. Nashville Warbler
Nashville Warblers can be observed during the breeding season in Ontario, primarily from April to October, and some individuals may linger until January. They appear in 11% of summer checklists.
Nashville Warblers exhibit yellow undersides with white lower bellies. Their backs display a greenish-yellow hue, and their heads feature a gray coloration with a white eyering. Females and juveniles are less vibrant compared to males.
Scientific Name: Leiothlypis ruficapilla
Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.5 ounces (6.7-13.9 g)
Wingspan: 6.7-7.9 inches (17-20 cm)
Nashville Warblers breed in northeastern US states and Canada, with a smaller population found in northwestern US states and British Columbia. They can also be spotted during migration across most US states. During winter, they primarily reside in Mexico.
You can find Nashville Warblers in scrubby habitats and low deciduous forests, where they hunt for insects.
Listen to the Nashville Warbler song.
Nests of Nashville Warblers are hidden in shrubs close to the ground. They are built using twigs, pine needles, and grass, and the interior is lined with soft materials. Nashville Warblers lay around four eggs, which take about twelve days to hatch. The young birds leave the nest after ten days.
To attract Nashville Warblers to your backyard, provide a habitat with mature trees.
Fun Fact: Nashville Warblers migrate along the Atlantic Coast during their first year but shift to inland migration routes thereafter.
9. Black-throated Green Warbler
Black-throated Green Warblers spend their summers in Ontario and are typically observed from May to October in the southern part of the province. They appear in 10% of summer checklists.
Black-throated Green Warblers are small yellow songbirds with a yellow face, head, and olive-yellow back. They possess black streaking on their sides and wings and feature whitish undersides. Males have prominent black patches on their throats, while females and juveniles exhibit smaller patches.
Scientific Name: Setophaga virens
Length: 4.3-4.7 inches (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (7-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.7-7.9 inches (17-20 cm)
Black-throated Green Warblers migrate extensively over the eastern US, reaching their breeding grounds in northeastern US states and Canada. They can be observed during migration in the eastern US and spend their winter in Mexico
, northern South America, and the Caribbean.
You can find Black-throated Green Warblers in forests, particularly high up in the trees, where they feed on insects. Their black throat serves as a distinguishing feature from other small yellow birds.
Listen to the Black-throated Green Warbler song.
Nests of Black-throated Green Warblers are located in small trees near the trunk. They are constructed using twigs, bark, and grass, and secured with spider webs. The nests are lined with animal hair, moss, and feathers. Black-throated Green Warblers lay around four eggs, which take approximately twelve days to hatch. The young birds leave the nest after two weeks.
To attract Black-throated Green Warblers to your backyard, create a habitat with mature trees.
Fun Fact: Male Black-throated Green Warblers can sing over 400 times in an hour and perform a distinctive “gloating” flight to intimidate rivals.
10. Magnolia Warbler
Magnolia Warblers can be spotted in Ontario from mid-April until November and appear in 8% of summer checklists.
Magnolia Warblers feature black backs and yellow undersides. They exhibit black streaking that forms a “necklace” pattern on their necks and extends down over their bellies. Females have a grayer back and lack the distinctive streaking on the belly.
Scientific Name: Setophaga magnolia
Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.5 ounces (6-15 g)
Wingspan: 6.3-7.9 inches (16-20 cm)
Magnolia Warblers breed across Canada and northeastern US states. During migration, they can be observed in the eastern US. Their wintering grounds are located in Central America and the Caribbean.
You can find Magnolia Warblers perched on low branches in forests or parks, making it easier to spot them during migration. They primarily feed on insects and spiders.
Listen to the Magnolia Warbler song.
Nests of Magnolia Warblers are loosely constructed using grass and weeds near the trunk of conifer trees. They lay around four eggs, which take about twelve days to hatch. The young birds leave the nest after nine days.
To attract Magnolia Warblers to your backyard during migration, provide native shrubs and trees for them to rest on.
Fun Fact: Male Magnolia Warblers use the white spots on their tails to attract females and deter rivals.
11. Eastern Meadowlark
Ontario is home to the near-threatened Eastern Meadowlark, a striking bird commonly seen in the southern part of the province from March to October.
Yellow is the dominant color for Eastern Meadowlarks, with a bright yellow underside and pale brown plumage adorned with black markings on the back. These birds also boast a distinctive black band across their chests.
Scientific Name: Sturnella magna
Length: 7.5-10.2 inches (19-26 cm)
Weight: 3.2-5.3 ounces (90-150 g)
Wingspan: 13.8-15.8 inches (35-40 cm)
Eastern Meadowlarks are found year-round across eastern US states, with breeding populations in the Northeast and Canada. They migrate south during the winter.
These birds prefer grasslands and prairies, where they forage on the ground, feasting on insects. In winter, they gather in large flocks in fields, searching for seeds.
Listen to the melodious flute-like whistles of the Eastern Meadowlark.
Nests of Eastern Meadowlarks are impressive structures situated on the ground, featuring tunnels and woven roofs made of grasses.
Fun Fact: Eastern Meadowlarks are known for their diverse repertoire of over 100 songs.
12. Palm Warblers
During the spring and fall migration, Palm Warblers are frequently observed in Ontario.
Palm Warblers display a rusty red patch on the top of their heads and sport a browny-olive coloration across their bodies. While they breed in Canada, they can be found in eastern US states during migration and reside year-round along the far south coast and in Florida.
Scientific Name: Setophaga palmarum
Length: 4.7-5.5 inches (12-14 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.5 ounces (7-13 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-8.3 inches (20-21 cm)
Palm Warblers primarily breed in Canada and are seen during migration in eastern US states. Some individuals spend the winter in Florida and along the southeastern coast.
These warblers can be spotted during the spring and fall migration in weedy fields, forest edges, and scrubby areas. They often join mixed flocks of Sparrows, Juncos, and Yellow-rumped Warblers while foraging on the ground for insects.
Listen to the Palm Warbler’s unique song.
Nests of Palm Warblers are situated in bogs and boreal forests on the ground. They are constructed using grass, sedge, and ferns, forming a cup shape and lined with soft grass, feathers, and animal hair. Palm Warblers lay approximately five eggs.
To attract Palm Warblers, provide tube feeders and platform feeders with a mix of millet, cracked corn, sunflower seeds, peanut hearts, and suet. Planting native fruits and vines like bayberry, grape, sumac, and Virginia creeper can also help.
Fun Fact: Palm Warblers are more inclined to eat seeds than most warbler species, making them frequent visitors to backyard feeders.
13. Pine Warblers
Pine Warblers are commonly sighted in southern Ontario during the summer, typically from April to mid-October. They appear on about 6% of checklists during this time.
These small, plump yellow birds have olive-colored backs, white lower bellies, and gray wingbars. Females may appear slightly browner and have more white on their bellies.
Scientific Name: Setophaga pinus
Length: 5.1-5.5 inches (13-14 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.5 ounces (9-15 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-9.1 inches (19-23 cm)
Pine Warblers breed in northeastern US states before heading to southeastern US states. Some individuals remain in southeastern US states throughout the year.
Pine Warblers inhabit pine forests, often perching high up in the trees. Their diet consists of caterpillars, beetles, spiders, and other insects and larvae. During colder weather, they also consume fruit and seeds.
Listen to the pleasant song of the Pine Warbler.
Nests of Pine Warblers are built in pine trees. These nests are constructed using twigs, bark, pine needles, and grass, secured with spider webs. They are lined with feathers, animal hair, and other soft materials. Pine Warblers lay up to five eggs, which take around two weeks to hatch. The young birds fledge after approximately ten days.
To attract Pine Warblers to your yard, provide tube feeders and platform feeders with a mix of seeds and suet. Additionally, planting native shrubs and trees that attract insects can be beneficial.
Fun Fact: Pine Warblers possess specialized tongues shaped for lapping up nectar, forming a tube-like structure.
14. Scarlet Tanagers
Ontario experiences the presence of Scarlet Tanagers during the summer months, with sightings from April to November in the southern part of the province. They are found on about 6% of checklists during the summer.
Female Scarlet Tanagers exhibit yellow-green plumage with darker wings and tails. Males, on the other hand, are visually striking, with bright red bodies, black wings, and tails. They have thick bills and relatively short tails.
Scientific Name: Piranga olivacea
Length: 6.3-6.7 inches (16-17 cm)
Weight: 0.8-1.3 ounces (23-38 g)
Wingspan: 9.8-11.4 inches (25-29 cm)
During summer, Scarlet Tanagers breed in eastern forests before migrating to western South America. They can be spotted in southeastern US states during their migratory journeys.
Scarlet Tanagers tend to stay high in the forest canopy, but their red plumage occasionally flashes as they walk along branches in search of insects.
Listen to the distinct song of the Scarlet Tanager.
Nests of Scarlet Tanagers are built by females in just around four days using loosely woven twigs, grass, and plant materials. The interior is lined with soft grass, pine needles, and other gentle materials. They lay around four eggs, which incubate for two weeks before hatching. The young birds fledge within two weeks.
To attract Scarlet Tanagers, plant berry-producing shrubs like blackberries, raspberries, huckleberries, juneberries, serviceberries, mulberries, strawberries, and chokeberries.
Fun Fact: Male Scarlet Tanagers engage in singing battles, which sometimes escalate into physical confrontations.
15. Evening Grosbeaks
Evening Grosbeaks, considered a vulnerable species in Ontario, are more commonly seen during winter. While some individuals can be spotted in the province throughout the year, they are particularly prevalent in winter and appear on about 2% of checklists during this season.
Evening Grosbeaks are robust birds with large bills, showcasing a striking yellow and black pattern. Adult males possess a bright yellow stripe over their eyes, giving them an imposing appearance. Their heads are black, necks gray, chests and bellies yellow, and wings feature a white patch.
Females and juvenile males display greenish bills, mostly gray bodies, black and white wings, and a touch of yellow on the neck.
Scientific Name: Coccothraustes vespertinus
Length: 6.3-8.7 inches (16-22 cm)
Weight: 1.37-3.04 ounces (38.7-86.1 g)
Wingspan: 12-14 inches (30-36 cm)
Evening Grosbeaks inhabit southern Canada year-round, extending down the west coast to northern California. However, during periods of poor cone crops, they migrate southward, reaching most US states.
These birds can be found in forests and mountainous regions. In winter, they are often drawn to backyard bird feeders due to the easy availability of food. They naturally feed on flower buds during spring, insect larvae from treetops during summer, and consume seeds, berries, and small fruits during winter.
Listen to the unique song of the Evening Grosbeak.
Nests of Evening Grosbeaks are typically situated up to 100 feet above the ground in pine trees. They are loosely constructed with twigs, rootlets, grass, moss, and pine needles. Each nest contains up to five eggs, which are incubated by the female for two weeks until hatching.
To attract Evening Grosbeaks to your backyard during winter, offer sunflower seeds, berries, and maple buds.
Fun Fact: Evening Grosbeaks possess powerful bills capable of crushing seeds that are too tough for smaller birds, making them adept at scavenging leftover food.
16. Cape May Warblers
During migration across Ontario, Cape May Warblers are primarily observed.
Male Cape May Warblers exhibit unique features such as chestnut cheeks, dark caps, and a yellow ring around the neck. Their upper parts are mottled yellow-olive, while the undersides display yellow with dark streaks.
The distinct tiger stripes on the chest and the uncommon dark crown differentiate Cape May Warblers from other warbler species. Females and immature individuals possess less vibrant plumage and lack the head coloration seen in males.
Scientific Name: Setophaga tigrina
Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 ounces (10.2-15.2 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-8.7 inches (20-22 cm)
Cape May Warblers migrate to their breeding grounds in Canada, passing over eastern US states. During winter, they spend time in the Caribbean and a narrow coastal band encompassing the Yucatan Peninsula and Central America.
In their breeding grounds, you can find Cape May Warblers in spruce forests. However, during migration, they can be observed in various habitats, especially near woodland edges and scrub areas where insects are plentiful.
Their diet primarily consists of spruce budworm during the summer, but they shift to consuming fruit, nectar, and even utilize hummingbird feeders during the winter.
Listen to the delightful song of the Cape May Warbler.
Nests of Cape May Warblers are constructed high in spruce trees near the trunk. These nests are composed of twigs, pine needles, bark, and woven into a cup shape. The interior is lined with soft materials such as animal hair, feathers, and other plant matter. They lay up to nine eggs.
To attract Cape May Warblers to your backyard, consider planting native shrubs and trees that attract insects. Additionally, offering fruit and maintaining hummingbird feeders may entice them to visit.
Fun Fact: Cape May Warblers possess specially adapted tongues that allow them to lap up nectar, curled into a tube-like shape.
17. Orchard Orioles
Orchard Orioles spend their summers in the southern parts of Ontario and can be observed from May to August, accounting for 3% of checklists during this period.
Female Orchard Orioles have an overall greenish-yellow plumage, with a paler underside and darker back. They also feature dark wings with white wingbars.
Males exhibit strikingly different coloration, with black heads and backs, and reddish undersides.
Scientific Name: Icterus spurius
Length: 5.9-7.1 inches (15-18 cm)
Weight: 0.6-1.0 ounces (16-28 g)
Wingspan: 9.8 inches (25 cm)
During summer, Orchard Orioles breed in the eastern half of the United States before migrating south to Mexico and Central America. They favor open woodlands, riverbanks, shrublands, farms, and even backyards. Their nests take the form of hanging pouches.
Their diet mainly consists of insects such as ants, caterpillars, beetles, grasshoppers, and spiders. Orchard Orioles also consume nectar from flowers and enjoy feasting on fruits like mulberries and chokeberries.
Orchard Orioles produce a distinctive series of jumbled whistles that last around 3 to 4 seconds.
Listen to the unique sounds of Orchard Orioles.
Nests of Orchard Orioles are crafted using long grasses and suspended from small tree branches. They typically lay 4-6 eggs, which hatch after approximately two weeks.
To attract Orchard Orioles to your yard, consider setting up hummingbird feeders or platform feeders with cut oranges or mango. Additionally, planting native berry-bearing plants such as mulberries or chokeberries can be appealing to them.
Fun fact: Orchard Orioles hold the distinction of being the smallest blackbird species in North America.
18. Wilson’s Warblers
Wilson’s Warblers are frequently observed during the spring and fall migrations in Ontario.
Wilson’s Warblers are small, round yellow warblers characterized by a large black cap in males and a smaller black cap in females.
Scientific Name: Cardellina pusilla
Length: 3.9-4.7 inches (10-12 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.3 ounces (5-10 g)
Wingspan: 5.5-6.7 inches (14-17 cm)
Breeding occurs in Canada, Alaska, and northwestern US states, while they can be spotted across all US states during migration. They winter in Mexico, Central America, and South America.
You can find Wilson’s Warblers along streams, in thickets, and near forest edges, where they forage for insects, larvae, and spiders.
Listen to the captivating song of Wilson’s Warblers.
Nests of Wilson’s Warblers are well-concealed near trees or shrubs on the ground. These nests are constructed using leaves, sedges as a base, and woven with grass, bark, moss, and plant materials. The inner lining consists of soft grass and animal hair. They lay approximately five eggs, which hatch after about eleven days, and the young ones leave the nest within another ten days.
To attract Wilson’s Warblers to your backyard, focus on planting native trees and shrubs. It’s worth noting that they do not typically visit feeders.
Fun Fact: Wilson’s Warblers employ a clever strategy to distract potential nest predators by feigning a broken wing, leading the predator away before abruptly flying off.
19. Canada Warblers
From May to October, Canada Warblers migrate into Ontario, accounting for 2% of checklists during this period.
Canada Warblers share a resemblance to Magnolia Warblers and have a similar range. However, they have a grayish-black back, and the males’ black “necklace” does not extend over the belly but only across the chest. They exhibit yellow chests, bellies, and throats.
Females and immature individuals possess paler plumage on the back and a less pronounced “necklace.”
Scientific Name: Cardellina canadensis
Length: 4.7-5.9 inches (12-15 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.5 ounces (9-13 g)
Wingspan: 6.7-8.7 inches (17-22 cm)
Canada Warblers breed in Canada and northeastern US states. During migration, they can be observed across the eastern half of the US. They winter in western South America.
Rhododendron-filled conifer forests, aspen and poplar forests serve as habitats for Canada Warblers during their breeding season. They are known to forage for insects and spiders in these areas. Due to declining populations, spotting them can be challenging.
Listen to the melodic song of Canada Warblers.
Nests of Canada Warblers are built near the ground in shrubs or ferns. They are skillfully woven using grass, bark, leaves, and other plant materials, creating a cup-shaped structure. The interior is lined with soft grass and animal hair. They lay up to six eggs, with an incubation period of around twelve days, followed by an additional eight days for the young to leave the nest.
Fun Fact: Canada Warblers undertake impressive migratory journeys, covering over 3,000 miles each way between their summer and winter grounds.
20. Yellow-throated Vireos
Yellow-throated Vireos can be observed in the southern parts of Ontario during the summer, from April to October.
Yellow-throated Vireos display bright yellow and gray plumage, with olive-colored heads. They possess bright yellow throats and chests, while their bellies showcase white hues. Grayish-brown backs with white streaks complete their distinctive appearance.
Scientific Name: Vireo flavifrons
Length: 5.1-5.9 inches (13-15 cm)
Weight: 0.5-0.7 ounces (15-21 g)
Wingspan: 9.1 inches (23 cm)
These vireos breed in eastern US states and spend their winters in Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.
Observing Yellow-throated Vireos can be accomplished in mixed woodlands, where they actively hunt for insects and occasionally enjoy berries.
Listen to the enchanting song of Yellow-throated Vireos.
Nests of Yellow-throated Vireos are delicately crafted hanging cups, positioned high up in trees. The construction incorporates materials such as bark, grass, pine needles, and other plant matter, held together with spider webs and insect silk.
Approximately four eggs are laid, with an incubation period of two weeks. The young birds typically leave the nest within an additional two weeks.
Fun Fact: Male Yellow-throated Vireos exhibit a unique behavior of creating small piles of twigs in multiple locations, attempting to attract females by feigning nest-building activities.
21. Blue-winged Warblers
Blue-winged Warblers, often seen during migration in southern Ontario, particularly in May and June, display bluish-gray wings. These birds have yellow-green bodies with a distinctive black eye line that stretches from their long bill across the eye, giving them an intense appearance. The breast and belly are predominantly bright yellow, with females occasionally exhibiting a slightly paler shade, although they can be indistinguishable from males. Adult Blue-winged Warblers feature two white wing bars, while juveniles possess thin wing bars that are almost imperceptible.
Scientific Name: Vermivora cyanoptera
Length: 4.75 inches (12 cm)
Weight: 0.3 ounces (9 g)
Wingspan: 6.75 – 7.5 inches (17 – 19 cm)
Blue-winged Warblers breed in eastern US states, excluding the southern states. However, during their migration to Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean for winter, they can be observed in Ontario.
Blue-winged Warblers prefer abandoned, brushy fields, pastures, forest edges, and thickets. They are commonly found in higher elevation areas with ample grass and canopy cover.
These warblers feed on insects and spiders, foraging among various plants and trees. They exhibit a remarkable behavior of hanging upside down from tree branches to search for insect larvae and provide food for their young.
Listen to the distinct song of the Blue-winged Warbler.
Nests of Blue-winged Warblers are often situated on the ground, in dense bushes, or within undergrowth. These nests are cup-shaped and primarily constructed using dead leaves. The female lays approximately four to seven eggs, which incubate for around 12 days.
Fun Fact: Blue-winged Warblers occasionally hybridize with Golden-winged Warblers, resulting in the creation of Brewster’s and Lawrence’s Warblers.
22. Orange-crowned Warblers
Orange-crowned Warblers, spotted during migration in Ontario, particularly in May and from September to October, possess a yellow-olive coloring. Their orange crown, though rarely visible, adds to their unique appearance.
Scientific Name: Leiothlypis celata
Length: 4.3-5.5 inches (11-14 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (7-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5 inches (19 cm)
Orange-crowned Warblers breed in Canada and western US states before embarking on migration to the Pacific, East and Gulf Coasts, and Mexico. They can also be observed during their migratory journey in all US states, excluding the northeastern region.
These warblers can be found in shrubs, low vegetation, and open woodlands during their breeding season. They primarily feed on spiders and insects, including caterpillars and flies. Additionally, they consume fruit, berries, seeds, and occasionally visit backyard feeders.
Listen to the captivating song of the Orange-crowned Warbler.
Nests of Orange-crowned Warblers are typically located near or on the ground. They are constructed using dead leaves, twigs, stems, and lined with soft grass and animal hair. The female lays up to six eggs.
To attract Orange-crowned Warblers to your yard, consider providing suet, peanut butter, or hummingbird feeders filled with sugar water nectar.
Fun Fact: Orange-crowned Warblers have been observed drinking from the sapwells of sapsuckers and woodpeckers.
23. Hooded Warblers
Hooded Warblers, more commonly seen during the summer in southern Ontario, typically in May and June, occasionally remain in the province until mid-January.
Male Hooded Warblers exhibit a vibrant yellow face with a distinctive black hood and throat. Their bodies are yellow underneath and olive-green
above, while their tails are white and visible when they flick them up. Females and immature Hooded Warblers display more yellow tones and lack the black face markings.
Scientific Name: Setophaga citrina
Length: 5.1 inches (13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (9-12 g)
Wingspan: 6.9 inches (17.5 cm)
Hooded Warblers breed in eastern US states and migrate south to Central America and the Caribbean for winter.
These warblers can be found in forests with dense understories, where they actively search for insects and spiders.
Listen to the melodious song of the Hooded Warbler.
Nests of Hooded Warblers are situated near forests and clearings, built within shrubs using bark, grass, and plant material woven into a cup-shaped structure. The female lays approximately four eggs, which incubate for around 12 days. After hatching, the young birds take about nine days before leaving the nest.
To attract Hooded Warblers to your backyard, consider planting native shrubs and plants that attract insects and provide suitable cover.
Fun Fact: Hooded Warblers possess white spots on their tails, which are believed to startle insects, aiding in their capture.
24. Prothonotary Warblers
Prothonotary Warblers frequently spend their summers in southern Ontario, particularly around Toronto.
Prothonotary Warblers display bright yellow plumage with blue-gray wings and tails. They are larger than typical warblers, featuring thick black beaks. While males exhibit white patches on their wings, females are less vibrant in coloration.
Scientific Name: Protonotaria citrea
Length: 5.1 inches (13 cm)
Weight: 0.44 ounces (12.5 g)
Wingspan: 8.75 inches (22 cm)
Prothonotary Warblers breed in eastern US states and migrate to Mexico, extending down to northern South America for winter.
These warblers can be found near streams and wet woodlands, where they forage for spiders, insects, and snails. During winter, they may also consume fruit and seeds.
Listen to the enchanting song of the Prothonotary Warbler.
Nests of Prothonotary Warblers are constructed within abandoned woodpecker nest holes in trees near water sources. The male places moss inside the hole, while the female builds a cup-shaped nest using grass, leaves, and other plant material.
Prothonotary Warblers lay up to seven eggs, which take around two weeks to hatch. After hatching, it takes approximately ten days for the young birds to leave the nest.
To attract Prothonotary Warblers to your backyard, consider providing nest boxes if you live near wet areas.
Fun Fact: Prothonotaries derive their name from the bright yellow robes worn by members of the Roman Catholic church.
25. While White-eyed Vireos
While White-eyed Vireos are not commonly found in Ontario, occasional sightings occur in the southern part of the province during summer, with a few individuals staying until December.
White-eyed Vireos possess gray heads with yellow coloring around the forehead and distinct white eyes. Their chests and throats are white, while their sides exhibit yellow tones. They have greenish backs with darker wings and two white wingbars.
Scientific Name: Vireo griseus
Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.5 ounces (10-14 g)
Wingspan: 6.7 inches (17 cm)
White-eyed Vireos spend their summers across the southeastern United States, often concealed within thickets. Some individuals near the coast remain in the region throughout the year. During winter
, they migrate along the southeast coast of Mexico and the Caribbean.
These vireos can be found in overgrown pastures and brambles, where they feed on insects, flies, and spiders. In winter, they also consume berries.
Listen to the delightful song of the White-eyed Vireo.
Nests of White-eyed Vireos hang from branches in shrubs. They are initially shaped using spiders’ webs and further constructed with leaves, bark, and plant material to form a hanging cup.
White-eyed Vireos lay around four eggs, which incubate for two weeks. After hatching, it takes approximately ten days for the young birds to leave the nest.
Fun Fact: While both male and female White-eyed Vireos sing in winter, only the males sing during spring and summer, producing beautiful melodies from dawn until midday.
26. Prairie Warblers
Prairie Warblers, though not commonly observed as yellow birds in Ontario, have been spotted primarily in the southern part of the province during summer.
Prairie Warblers are small songbirds with olive green backs and yellow throats and bellies. They possess black streaks on their sides and a dark semicircle under the eye. Female Prairie Warblers display duller coloration.
Scientific Name: Setophaga discolor
Length: 4.3 inches (11 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.3 ounces (6.4-8.8 g)
Prairie Warblers breed in eastern and southeastern US states and spend their winters in Florida, the Caribbean, and certain coastal areas of Central America. Some individuals remain in Florida throughout the year and are considered a separate subspecies, slightly larger in size.
Although named Prairie Warblers, they predominantly inhabit fields and forests, where they feed on insects, spiders, and snails. These warblers can often be observed bobbing their tails while searching for food on branches.
Listen to the distinctive rising song of the Prairie Warbler.
Nests of Prairie Warblers are concealed in trees, shrubs, and grasses, with the structure built using plant material, leaves, and soft feathers or fur. They lay up to five eggs, which hatch in two weeks, and the young birds leave the nest after approximately ten days.
Fun Fact: Male Prairie Warblers sing two distinct songs—one to attract females and another to deter other males.
27. Dickcissels
Dickcissels are infrequently observed in Ontario, but occasional sightings occur in the southern part of the province, primarily in June and July.
Male Dickcissels are notable for their striking appearance, featuring a black throat patch and a yellow chest. They possess a yellow eyebrow line that contrasts against their grayish head. Female Dickcissels share the same markings, but with a slightly paler or duller coloration. However, they lack the black throat patch, and their yellow chest displays only a faint hint.
Scientific Name: Spiza americana
Length: 5.5-6.3 inches (14-16 cm)
Weight: 0.9-1.4 ounces (25.6-38.4 g)
Wingspan: 9.8-10.2 inches (24.8-26 cm)
Dickcissels breed in the Central and Great Plains of the US before migrating to Mexico, Central America, and northern South America.
These birds can be found in meadows, prairies, tall grasslands, light-grazed pastures, and roadsides. They feed on insects, including grasshoppers, caterpillars, beetles, and crickets during the summer. In other seasons, they may consume seeds, weeds, grasses, and cultivated grains.
Listen to the screeching buzz and musical notes of the Dickcissel.
Nests of Dickcissels are typically situated in thick but small shrubs, grasses, or trees up to four feet high. These nests are constructed using weeds, grass, and leaves, and are lined with fine grass and animal hair. The female may lay up to six eggs, which hatch in two weeks. The young birds are ready to fly after approximately ten days.
Fun Fact: During fall migration, Dickcissels congregate in large numbers, sometimes reaching thousands or even millions when they reach their winter grounds.
28. Yellow-headed Blackbirds
Yellow-headed Blackbirds are not frequently encountered in Ontario, but occasional sightings occur in the southern part of the province.
Yellow-headed Blackbirds are visually striking, featuring glossy black bodies, bright yellow heads and chests, and white wing patches in males. Females, on the other hand, exhibit brown coloration instead of black, with a comparatively duller yellow head. They are larger in size compared to Red-winged Blackbirds.
Scientific Name: Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus
Length: 8.3-10.2 inches (21-26 cm)
Weight: 1.6-3.5 ounces (44-100 g)
Wingspan: 16.5-17.3 inches (42-44 cm)
Yellow-headed Blackbirds breed in western and prairie wetlands, nesting among the reeds. They forage in surrounding wetlands, grasslands, and fields, primarily targeting insects during the summer.
Following breeding, these blackbirds migrate to fields and farmlands in southwestern US states and Mexico, where they spend winter in large flocks.
Yellow-headed Blackbirds feed on insects during summer and switch to seeds and grains during winter.
Listen to the screeching sounds of the Yellow-headed Blackbird.
Nests of Yellow-headed Blackbirds are constructed using long wet stems woven together and attached to cattails or reeds above the water. The nests are lined with soft material such as grass and may include a roof made of grass and plant stalks.
They lay 2-5 eggs, with an incubation period of around two weeks, followed by another week or two before the young birds fledge.
To attract Yellow-headed Blackbirds to your yard, consider providing sunflower seeds.
Fun Fact: Yellow-headed Blackbirds flip over stones to flush out insects, utilizing this unique technique for hunting.
29. Western Meadowlarks
Western Meadowlarks, though not commonly seen, occasionally appear in southern Ontario throughout the year.
With their bright yellow bellies and melodious songs, Western Meadowlarks can add a touch of vibrancy to your day.
Western Meadowlarks, belonging to the blackbird family, are about the size of a Robin. They possess shades of brown and white on their upperparts, and in males, a black V-shaped band adorns their bright yellow chest, which turns gray during winter.
Scientific Name: Sturnella neglecta
Length: 6.3-10.2 inches (16-26 cm)
Weight: 3.1-4.1 ounces (89-115 g)
Wingspan: 16.1 inches (41 cm)
Western Meadowlarks that breed in northern US states and Canada migrate to more southern states for winter. However, those located in the west and Midwest remain in their habitats throughout the year.
These meadowlarks are typically found on the ground in grasslands, meadows, and fields. They forage alone or in small flocks, mainly targeting insects. They are not commonly found in wooded areas or dense shrubby vegetation.
Listen to the delightful tweets, warbles, and whistles of the Western Meadowlark.
Nests of Western Meadowlarks are located in depressions on the ground in grasslands. These
nests are filled with soft materials such as grass and may include a roof made of grass and plant stalks.
They lay approximately five eggs, which hatch in two weeks. The young birds leave the nest after around ten days.
Fun Fact: Western Meadowlarks have been designated as the state bird in six US states.
30. Western Kingbirds
Western Kingbirds, though not frequently observed in Ontario, have been recorded in the southern part of the province during summer.
Western Kingbirds are large flycatchers with yellow bellies, whitish chests, gray heads, grayish-brown wings, and black tails with white edges.
Scientific Name: Tyrannus verticalis
Length: 7.9-9.4 inches (20-24 cm)
Weight: 1.3-1.6 ounces (37-46 g)
Wingspan: 15.0-16.1 inches (38-41 cm)
Western Kingbirds breed during summer in western US states, the plains area, and parts of Canada. They migrate to Mexico and Central America, although some individuals may overwinter in the southern regions of Florida.
These kingbirds can often be seen in open habitats, frequently perched on fences and utility lines, patiently waiting for flying insects to pass by before capturing them mid-flight.
Listen to the unique call of the Western Kingbird.
Nests of Western Kingbirds are typically built in trees, shrubs, or human-made structures such as posts. The female constructs the nest using twigs, grass, and plant material, forming a cup-shaped structure.
They lay up to seven eggs, with an incubation period of approximately two to three weeks. After hatching, the young birds leave the nest in a similar timeframe.
To attract Western Kingbirds to your yard, create an insect-friendly environment and consider planting elderberry or hawthorn, which provide both food and habitat.
Fun Fact: Western Kingbird parents continue to feed their young for approximately three weeks after leaving the nest.