Discover the comprehensive manual designed to assist you in recognizing every species of warbler that frequently appear in Maryland. This resource includes vivid photo identifications, detailed descriptions, captivating audio recordings of their melodic songs, intriguing facts, and much more.
Warblers, those petite migratory songbirds, embark on remarkable journeys spanning vast distances, from South America to their breeding havens as far as Canada. These vibrant avian creatures, adorned in vivid hues of yellow and green, with an enchanting medley of songs, display remarkable agility as they traverse from breeding grounds to winter sanctuaries.
Known as wood-warblers in North America, these delightful birds predominantly inhabit woodlands and forests, delighting observers with their lively presence. Beware, though, as you may fall victim to the infamous “warbler neck,” a discomforting condition characterized by stiff and tingly sensations in the neck, resulting from peering upwards with binoculars in a fervent search for these elusive creatures nestled among the treetops.
While warblers primarily subsist on insects, they occasionally grace backyard feeders in search of seeds or succulent mealworms. Additionally, this guide presents information on other bird species frequently spotted in Maryland, complemented by a printable chart for effortless identification.
To ensure accuracy, this guide meticulously classifies the warbler types prevalent in Maryland based on their regular occurrences, drawing upon reliable data compiled by passionate bird watchers and gleaned from the extensive ebird database, endorsed by avibase.
Delve into the enchanting world of warblers with the aid of this invaluable resource, allowing you to not only appreciate their resplendent plumage and enchanting melodies but also acquaint yourself with their unique repertoire of songs. For further assistance, a complementary guide showcasing 13 easily recognizable warbler songs is also available.
Season by season, let us embark on a captivating journey through the warblers inhabiting Maryland:
Summer Warblers in Maryland:
1. Common Yellowthroat
2. Northern Parula
3. American Redstart
4. Ovenbird
5. Black-and-white Warbler
6. Pine Warbler
7. Yellow Warbler
8. Louisiana Waterthrush
9. Chestnut-sided Warbler
10. Prairie Warbler
11. Prothonotary Warbler
12. Yellow-breasted Chat
13. Yellow-throated Warbler
14. Worm-eating Warbler
15. Hooded Warbler
16. Kentucky Warbler
17. Cerulean Warbler
18. Golden-winged Warbler
Winter Warblers in Maryland:
1. Yellow-rumped Warbler
2. Orange-crowned Warbler
Migration Warblers in Maryland:
1. Magnolia Warbler
2. Palm Warbler
3. Black-throated Blue Warbler
4. Black-throated Green Warbler
5. Blackpoll Warbler
6. Northern Waterthrush
7. Cape May Warbler
8. Canada Warbler
9. Blackburnian Warbler
10. Tennessee Warbler
11. Blue-winged Warbler
12. Nashville Warbler
13. Bay-breasted Warbler
14. Wilson’s Warbler
15. Mourning Warbler
16. Connecticut Warbler
This compilation encompasses an impressive array of 36 warbler species found in Maryland. Let’s explore their fascinating characteristics further:
1. Common Yellowthroat
Encounter the delightful Common Yellowthroat during their breeding season in Maryland, which spans from April to November. These captivating birds grace approximately 29% of the summer checklists submitted by dedicated bird watchers in the state.
Featuring brownish backs and vibrant yellow underparts, along with long tails, these small songbirds possess distinctive black masks adorning the faces of their male counterparts. The intensity of their yellow hue may vary geographically, occasionally displaying more olive tones on the underside.
Scientific name: Geothlypis trichas
Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.3 oz (9-10 g)
Wingspan: 5.9-7.5 in (15-19 cm)
Common Yellowthroats spend their summers breeding across most of North America, excluding Alaska and northern Canada. While some individuals migrate to wintering grounds, others opt to remain along the Gulf Coast and Pacific Southwest.
These charming birds often inhabit marshy areas, wetlands, and brushy fields, favoring dense and tangled vegetation as their preferred dwelling places.
Immerse yourself in the delightful melodies of Common Yellowthroats by listening to their enchanting songs, capturing their essence with pristine accuracy.
Noteworthy fact: The male Common Yellowthroat’s black mask serves as a visual cue to identify its gender during courtship rituals. Interestingly, these birds display aggression towards fake birds equipped with masks, while remaining docile when the mask is absent.
2. Yellow-rumped Warbler
Yellow-rumped Warblers, frequent visitors during the winter in Maryland, witness a surge in their numbers during migration. They appear in approximately 9% of winter checklists and impressively feature in up to 35% of checklists during migratory periods.
Identifiable by their gray plumage, accentuated by flashes of yellow on the face, sides, and rump, as well as white wings, these warblers exhibit slight variations between genders. While females may exhibit a slightly browner hue, winter birds showcase a paler brown shade, complemented by vibrant yellow rumps and sides that transition to yellow and gray once more as spring approaches.
Scientific name: Setophaga coronata
Length: 4.7-5.5 in (12-14 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (12-13 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-9.1 in (19-23 cm)
Yellow-rumped Warblers predominantly breed across Canada, the Rockies, and the Appalachian Mountains. During migration, these delightful creatures grace the Midwest before seeking refuge in southern and southwestern U.S. states, as well as along the Pacific Coast, Mexico, and Central America.
While coniferous forests serve as their primary habitat during the breeding season, open areas adorned with fruiting shrubs become their favored abodes during the winter months. Their dietary preferences shift accordingly, with a predominantly insect-focused diet during summer and a shift towards fruits, including bayberry and wax myrtle, in winter.
Delight in the harmonious melodies of the Yellow-rumped Warblers, their songs evoking a sense of wonder and tranquility.
Noteworthy fact: Yellow-rumped Warblers congregate in flocks numbering in the thousands during the winter, demonstrating their assertiveness in protecting their territories from encroaching species.
3. Northern Parula
Immerse yourself in the captivating presence of Northern Parulas during their breeding season in Maryland, observed between April and October. These enchanting creatures grace approximately 15% of summer checklists, enchanting birdwatchers with their vibrant blueish-gray plumage and yellow accents. Their backs exude a mesmerizing bluish-gray hue, accompanied by a conspicuous yellow patch and two white wingbars.
Scientific name: Setophaga americana
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.4 oz (5-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.3-7.1 in (16-18 cm)
Northern Parulas breed within the eastern United
States and southeastern Canada before embarking on migratory journeys to Central America and the Caribbean for winter. Some individuals opt to spend their winters in southern Florida.
These delightful warblers are often found foraging on insects, adroitly navigating the heights of deciduous forests.
Indulge in the melodious songs of Northern Parulas, an enchanting symphony that reverberates through their forested abodes.
Noteworthy fact: Northern Parula females bear the responsibility of rearing their young, engaging in incubation of eggs and providing nourishment. Males contribute by serenading their surroundings with their melodious calls and diligently removing fecal sacs.
4. American Redstart
Welcome the arrival of American Redstarts during their breeding season in Maryland, accompanied by an exponential surge in their numbers during migration in May and September. These dazzling warblers grace approximately 11% of summer checklists and captivate up to 26% of checklists during migration.
Dressed predominantly in black plumage, adorned with vibrant orange patches and a white belly, these birds exude an undeniable allure. Females, however, present a more subdued olive-gray appearance, coupled with yellow patches.
Scientific name: Setophaga ruticilla
Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.3 oz (6-9 g)
Wingspan: 6.3-7.5 in (16-19 cm)
American Redstarts breed across eastern United States and Canada, extending their migratory journeys to northwestern U.S. states. These energetic birds also make appearances during migration across central and western U.S. states.
Delight in the mesmerizing sights of American Redstarts as they navigate deciduous woodlands, adeptly capturing insects. These charming warblers also exhibit a fondness for backyards and thickets, relishing in the abundance of berries such as serviceberry and magnolia.
Savor the captivating melodies of American Redstarts, as their songs descend in pitch, serenading nature’s symphony.
Noteworthy fact: American Redstart parents adopt a selective feeding strategy, nourishing specific chicks rather than uniformly attending to their entire brood.
5. Ovenbird
Uncover the presence of Ovenbirds during their breeding season in Maryland, extending from April to mid-October. These delightful warblers make appearances in approximately 14% of summer checklists.
Ovenbirds, with their olive-green backs and striking black-and-white spotted undersides, may seem more modest compared to their flamboyant warbler counterparts.
Scientific name: Seiurus aurocapilla
Length: 4.3-5.5 in (11-14 cm)
Weight: 0.6-1.0 oz (16-28 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-10.2 in (19-26 cm)
Ovenbirds choose to breed within northeastern United States and Canada, along with the Midwest and northwest Canada. During migration, these birds grace the eastern United States. Winter serves as a respite, with Ovenbirds seeking refuge in Florida, Mexico, Central America, northern South America, and the Caribbean.
Spot these delightful warblers rummaging through leaf litter on the forest floor, displaying their remarkable agility as they scour for insects.
Embark on a melodic journey with the captivating songs of Ovenbirds, their harmonies echoing through the trees.
Noteworthy fact: Ovenbirds derive their name from the distinctive shape of their nests, which strikingly resemble Dutch ovens, a testament to their architectural ingenuity.
6. Black-and-white Warbler
Greet the Black-and-white Warbler during their breeding season in Maryland, as their numbers soar during migration. These delightful birds enchant approximately 7% of summer checklists and grace up to 20% of checklists during migration.
Distinguished by their striped appearance, Black-and-white Warblers present a distinctive allure. Males flaunt a bold black patch across the eye and cheek, exuding a deeper shade of black compared to their female counterparts.
Scientific name: Mniotilta varia
Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.5 oz (8-15 g)
Wingspan: 7.1-8.7 in (18-22 cm)
Black-and-white Warblers breed across the eastern United States and Canada. Their migratory paths grace the eastern United States, while some individuals choose to winter in Florida, the Gulf Coast, Mexico, Baja California, the Caribbean, and northern South America.
Observe the lively antics of Black-and-white Warblers as they navigate tree trunks and branches, employing their unique foraging technique to secure insects.
Savor the enchanting melodies of Black-and-white Warblers, a testament to their harmonious existence in nature’s grand orchestra.
Noteworthy fact: Black-and-white Warblers often construct their nests close to or on the ground, concealed beneath logs or shrubs. Composed of bark, grass, and pine needles intricately woven into a cup shape, these nests provide a secure haven for their eggs.
7. Pine Warbler
Marvel at the Pine Warbler during their predominantly spotted breeding season in Maryland. These charming birds experience a surge in numbers during spring and fall migration, with some individuals opting to remain year-round.
Pine Warblers present themselves as plump, yellow birds, adorning olive backs, white lower bellies, and gray wingbars. Females may exhibit a slightly browner hue, accompanied by increased white on the belly.
Scientific name: Setophaga pinus
Length: 5.1-5.5 in (13-14 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.5 oz (9-15 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-9.1 in (19-23 cm)
Pine Warblers predominantly breed in northeastern United States before journeying to southeastern United States. A portion of the population opts to reside permanently in southeastern United States.
Discover Pine Warblers thriving in pine forests, their chosen habitats that provide ample sustenance. These delightful warblers primarily subsist on caterpillars, beetles, spiders, and other insects and larvae. In colder weather, they also indulge in fruit and seeds.
Engage in the delightful melodies of Pine Warblers, their songs resonating through the wilderness.
Noteworthy fact: Pine Warblers differentiate themselves from their warbler counterparts by predominantly consuming seeds, increasing their likelihood of visiting backyard feeders.
8. Yellow Warbler
Embrace the vibrant presence of Yellow Warblers during their breeding season in Maryland, witnessed from April onwards, as they embark on migratory journeys in October. These captivating birds enchant approximately 9% of summer checklists, arriving with the onset of spring.
Yellow Warblers, adorned in vivid yellow plumage, accompanied by a yellow-green back, exhibit chestnut streaks on the breast in males. Females and juveniles present a more subdued appearance, lacking the distinctive streaks.
Scientific name: Setophaga petechia
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.3-7.9 in (16-20 cm)
Yellow Warblers embark on extensive migrations to breed in Canada and the United States, excluding southeastern states. Their migratory journeys encompass the eastern United States, with occasional sightings during migration in southeastern states.
Discover Yellow Warblers thriving along streams, wetlands, and the edges of fields, where they diligently forage for insects, including caterpillars, midges, beetles, bugs, and wasps.
Delight in the melodic symphony of Yellow Warblers, their songs echoing through the natural landscape.
Noteworthy fact: Yellow Warblers frequently encounter the parasitic behavior of cowbirds, who deposit their eggs in the warblers’ nests. In response, Yellow Warblers build new nests atop the existing ones, restarting the cycle up to six times.
9. Magnolia Warbler
Witness the migratory marvel of Magnolia Warblers as they traverse Maryland during May and from September to October. These captivating warblers grace up to 21% of checklists during their migratory periods, captivating observers with their striking appearance.
Magnolia Warblers sport black backs, complemented by vibrant yellow undersides. Intriguing black streaking forms a captivating “necklace” along their necks, extending over their bellies. Females exhibit a grayer back, devoid of the distinctive streaking.
Scientific name: Setophaga magnolia
Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.5 oz (6-15 g)
Wingspan: 6.3-7.9 in (16-20 cm)
Magnolia Warblers breed across Canada and northeastern United States. Their migratory journeys grace the eastern United States, while winter serves as a respite in Central America, the Caribbean, and northern South America.
Observe the magnificent sight of Magnolia Warblers perched on low branches in forests or parks, a testament to their migratory endeavors. Indulge in the breathtaking melodies they offer as a gift to the natural world.
Noteworthy fact: Magnolia Warblers proudly display the white spots on their tails during courtship rituals, both attracting potential mates and warding off competing suitors.
10. Palm Warbler
Celebrate the fleeting presence of Palm Warblers during their migratory journeys across Maryland, observed from April to May and from September to November. While some individuals merely pass through, a few choose to linger during the winter months. These remarkable birds captivate up to 21% of checklists during migration.
Palm Warblers sport a distinctive rusty red patch atop their heads, accompanied by a browny-olive coloration throughout their bodies. Western populations exhibit whiter bellies, presenting slight variations. Males and females display similar appearances during the breeding season, with non-breeding individuals sporting duller crowns.
Scientific name: Setophaga palmarum
Length: 4.7-5.5 in (12-14 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.5 oz (7-13 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-8.3 in (20-21 cm)
Palm Warblers breed predominantly in Canada, gracing the eastern United States during migration. Some individuals opt to spend the winter in Florida and along the southeastern coast.
Discover the lively presence of Palm Warblers in weedy fields, forest edges, and scrubby areas during their migratory journeys. These energetic warblers often forage alongside Sparrows, Juncos, and Yellow-rumped Warblers, diligently scouring the ground for insects.
Marvel at the delightful songs of Palm Warblers, a melodious testament to their presence.
Noteworthy fact: Unlike most warblers, Palm Warblers showcase their unique foraging technique of walking on the ground while bobbing their tails, a distinct behavior that sets them apart.
11. Black-throated Blue Warbler
Behold the captivating presence of Black-throated Blue Warblers as they grace Maryland during migration. These stunning warblers enchant birdwatchers, appearing in up to 15% of checklists during their migratory periods.
Black-throated Blue Warblers exhibit a striking contrast of deep blue plumage on the upperparts and a vibrant white belly. Males display a prominent black throat, while females flaunt a more subdued grayish appearance.
Scientific name: Setophaga caerulescens
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.3 in (19-21 cm)
These warblers breed in northeastern United States and Canada before embarking on their migratory journeys. During migration, they can be observed in the eastern United States. They spend their winters in the Caribbean and northern South America.
Spot the enchanting Black-throated Blue Warblers foraging among the foliage of deciduous forests, in search of insects and spiders.
Indulge in the delightful melodies of Black-throated Blue Warblers, as their songs fill the air with their musical prowess.
Noteworthy fact: Male Black-throated Blue Warblers are actively involved in parental care, assisting in feeding and caring for their offspring.
12. Black-throated Green Warbler
Witness the magnificent presence of Black-throated Green Warblers as they migrate through Maryland. These captivating warblers grace approximately 10% of checklists during their migratory periods.
Black-throated Green Warblers exhibit stunning plumage, with yellow-green upperparts and a black throat and face. Their underparts showcase a combination of yellow and white, with black streaking.
Scientific name: Setophaga virens
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm)
These warblers breed in northeastern United States and Canada before embarking on their migratory journeys. During migration, they can be observed in the eastern United States. They spend their winters in the Caribbean, Central America, and northern South America.
Discover the graceful movements of Black-throated Green Warblers as they forage in coniferous forests, feeding on insects and spiders among the branches.
Immerse yourself in the melodious songs of Black-throated Green Warblers, as their vibrant tunes resonate through the trees.
Noteworthy fact: Black-throated Green Warblers often incorporate spider silk into the construction of their nests, providing extra strength and stability.
13. Blackpoll Warbler
Marvel at the extraordinary journey of Blackpoll Warblers as they pass through Maryland during migration. These remarkable warblers captivate bird enthusiasts, appearing in up to 17% of checklists during their migratory periods.
Blackpoll Warblers showcase a striking contrast of black and white plumage. Males exhibit a black cap, while females display a grayer appearance.
Scientific name: Setophaga striata
Length: 4.7-5.5 in (12-14 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.5 oz (9-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm)
These warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada and Alaska before embarking on one of the most remarkable migrations of any songbird. They undertake a non-stop flight over the Atlantic Ocean to their wintering grounds in South America.
Observe the agile movements of Blackpoll Warblers as they forage among the foliage, searching for insects and caterpillars.
Immerse yourself in the delightful songs of Blackpoll Warblers, their sweet melodies echoing through the air.
Noteworthy fact: The long-distance migration of Blackpoll Warblers is a remarkable feat, with some individuals flying non-stop for up to 72 hours over vast stretches of water.
14. Northern Waterthrush
Embrace the presence of Northern Waterthrush as it migrates through Maryland. These charming warblers enchant birdwatchers, appearing in up to 11% of checklists during migration.
Northern Waterthrush presents a subtle yet captivating appearance, with a streaked brown back, a white belly, and distinctive bold streaking on the breast and flanks.
Scientific name: Parkesia noveboracensis
Length: 4.7-5.5 in (12-14 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.6 oz (11-17 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-8.7 in (20-22 cm)
These warblers breed in the northern United States and Canada, primarily in wetland habitats. During migration, they can be observed in the eastern United States. They spend their winters in the Caribbean, Central America, and northern South America.
Spot the Northern Waterthrush as it forages along the edges of streams, ponds, and wetlands, utilizing its long bill to probe for insects and small invertebrates.
Delight in the melodic song of Northern Waterthrush, a delightful addition to the symphony of nature.
Noteworthy fact: Northern Waterthrushes are known for their distinctive tail-wagging behavior, a unique characteristic that sets them apart from other warblers.
15. Cape May Warbler
Celebrate the migratory journey of Cape May Warblers as they pass through Maryland. These striking warblers captivate bird enthusiasts, appearing in up to 14% of checklists during migration.
Cape May Warblers showcase a stunning combination of yellow, olive, and chestnut plumage. Males exhibit a distinctive chestnut cheek patch.
Scientific name: Setophaga tigrina
Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.1-8.3 in (18-21 cm)
These warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada before embarking on their migratory journeys. During migration, they can be observed in the eastern United States. They spend their winters in the Caribbean and northern South America.
Discover the Cape May Warbler foraging in trees, gleaning insects from the foliage with their unique semi-tubular tongue.
Immerse yourself in the melodious songs of Cape May Warblers, as they contribute to the enchanting chorus of the natural world.
Noteworthy fact: Cape May Warblers have a specialized brush-like tongue that aids in extracting nectar from flowers, allowing them to supplement their insect-based diet during migration.
16. Canada Warbler
Celebrate the fleeting presence of Canada Warblers as they migrate through Maryland. These charming warblers captivate bird enthusiasts, appearing in up to 13% of checklists during their migratory periods.
Canada Warblers present a captivating appearance, with grayish-blue upperparts and vibrant yellow underparts. Males exhibit a distinctive black necklace-like pattern across their upper chests.
Scientific name: Cardellina canadensis
Length: 4.7-5.3 in (12-13.5 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-8.7 in (20-22 cm)
These warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada and northeastern United States before embarking on their migratory journeys. During migration, they can be observed in the eastern United States. They spend their winters in northern South America.
Spot the Canada Warbler as it forages in the understory of deciduous forests, flitting about in search of insects and small invertebrates.
Delight in the melodic songs of Canada Warblers, their sweet tunes filling the air with enchantment.
Noteworthy fact: Canada Warblers have a unique feeding behavior known as “tail-wagging,” where they flick their tails upward while foraging, potentially to flush out insects from the foliage.
17. Blackburnian Warbler
Marvel at the vibrant presence of Blackburnian Warblers as they pass through Maryland during migration. These dazzling warblers captivate bird enthusiasts, appearing in up to 12% of checklists during migratory periods.
Blackburnian Warblers showcase a breathtaking display of fiery orange plumage on their throats and upper chests, contrasting with black and white markings on their wings and backs.
Scientific name: Setophaga fusca
Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.3 in (19-21 cm)
These warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada and northeastern United States before embarking on their migratory journeys. During migration, they can be observed in the eastern United States. They spend their winters in northern South America.
Discover the mesmerizing Blackburnian Warbler as it forages in the treetops, capturing insects in mid-air or among the foliage.
Immerse yourself in the melodious songs of Blackburnian Warblers, their high-pitched, flute-like tunes resonating through the forest.
Noteworthy fact: The vibrant orange throat of male Blackburnian Warblers is a result of the pigment rhodoxanthin, which is unique among North American wood-warblers.
18. Tennessee Warbler
Celebrate the migratory journey of Tennessee Warblers as they pass through Maryland. These delightful warblers captivate birdwatchers, appearing in up to 10% of checklists during migration.
Tennessee Warblers exhibit a subtle yet captivating appearance, with olive-green upperparts and a yellowish-white underside. They lack distinct markings on their plumage.
Scientific name: Leiothlypis peregrina
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.3-6.7 in (16-17 cm)
These warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada before embarking on their migratory journeys. During migration, they can be observed in the eastern United States. They spend their winters in Central America and northern South America.
Spot the Tennessee Warbler as it actively forages among the branches, gleaning insects and small invertebrates.
Delight in the cheerful songs of Tennessee Warblers, their vibrant tunes adding a touch of joy to the natural symphony.
Noteworthy fact: Tennessee Warblers are known for their distinctive wing-flicking behavior, where they frequently flick their wings downward while foraging, potentially to flush out hidden insects.
19. Blue-winged Warbler
Marvel at the captivating presence of Blue-winged Warblers as they migrate through Maryland. These striking warblers captivate bird enthusiasts, appearing in up to 8% of checklists during their migratory periods.
Blue-winged Warblers showcase a stunning combination of bright yellow plumage and distinctive blue-gray wings.
Scientific name: Vermivora cyanoptera
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.3 in (19-21 cm)
These warblers breed in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. During migration, they can be observed in the eastern United States. They spend their winters in Central America and northern South America.
Discover the Blue-winged Warbler as it forages in shrubby areas and young forests, actively searching for insects and caterpillars.
Immerse yourself in the melodious songs of Blue-winged Warblers, their sweet and buzzing tunes filling the air with enchantment.
Noteworthy fact: Blue-winged Warblers have the ability to hybridize with Golden-winged Warblers, resulting in a unique hybrid species known as “Brewster’s Warbler” or “Lawrence’s Warbler.”
20. Nashville Warbler
Celebrate the migratory journey of Nashville Warblers as they pass through Maryland. These charming warblers captivate bird enthusiasts, appearing in up to 7% of checklists during migration.
Nashville Warblers present a delightful appearance, with bright yellow plumage and a distinctive grayish head and neck.
Scientific name: Leiothlypis ruficapilla
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.3-6.7 in (16-17 cm)
These warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada before embarking on their migratory journeys. During migration, they can be observed in the eastern United States. They spend their winters in Central America and northern South America.
Spot the Nashville Warbler as it actively forages in shrubs and low vegetation, searching for insects and spiders.
Delight in the melodic songs of Nashville Warblers, their sweet and rapid trills adding a touch of musicality to the natural world.
Noteworthy fact: Nashville Warblers acquired their name when the species was first discovered in Nashville, Tennessee, in the 19th century.
21. Bay-breasted Warbler
Marvel at the stunning presence of Bay-breasted Warblers as they pass through Maryland during migration. These captivating warblers enchant birdwatchers, appearing in up to 6% of checklists during migratory periods.
Bay-breasted Warblers exhibit a breathtaking display of pinkish-brown plumage on their upperparts, gradually fading to a whitish underbelly.
Scientific name: Setophaga castanea
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (11-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm)
These warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada and Alaska before embarking on their migratory journeys. During migration, they can be observed in the eastern United States. They spend their winters in northern South America.
Discover the Bay-breasted Warbler as it forages in the upper canopy of trees, feeding on insects and small invertebrates.
Immerse yourself in the melodious songs of Bay-breasted Warblers, their high-pitched and warbling tunes creating a serene ambiance in the forest.
Noteworthy fact: Bay-breasted Warblers undergo a unique molt in which their breeding plumage is replaced by a duller, non-breeding plumage during their wintering period in South America.
22. Chestnut-sided Warbler
Celebrate the migratory journey of Chestnut-sided Warblers as they pass through Maryland. These delightful warblers captivate bird enthusiasts, appearing in up to 5% of checklists during migration.
Chestnut-sided Warblers present a striking appearance, with a combination of bright yellow plumage, white underparts, and distinctive chestnut-colored patches on their sides.
Scientific name: Setophaga pensylvanica
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.3 in (19-21 cm)
These warblers breed in the northeastern United States and Canada before embarking on their migratory journeys. During migration, they can be observed in the eastern United States. They spend their winters in Central America and northern South America.
Spot the Chestnut-sided Warbler as it actively forages in shrubby areas and young forests, gleaning insects from the foliage.
Delight in the melodic songs of Chestnut-sided Warblers, their sweet and rhythmic tunes adding a touch of harmony to the natural symphony.
Noteworthy fact: Chestnut-sided Warblers are known for their distinctive vocalizations, which include a series of ascending and descending buzzes, often described as “pleased, pleased, pleased to meet you.”
23. Wilson’s Warbler
Marvel at the vibrant presence of Wilson’s Warblers as they migrate through Maryland. These striking warblers captivate bird enthusiasts, appearing in up to 4% of checklists during migratory periods.
Wilson’s Warblers showcase a brilliant display of bright yellow plumage with a distinctive black cap.
Scientific name: Cardellina pusilla
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.3 in (19-21 cm)
These warblers breed in the western United States and Canada before embarking on their migratory journeys. During migration, they can be observed in the western and eastern United States. They spend their winters in Mexico and Central America.
Discover the Wilson’s Warbler as it actively forages in shrubby habitats and along stream edges, searching for insects and small invertebrates.
Immerse yourself in the melodious songs of Wilson’s Warblers, their high-pitched and rapid trills filling the air with energy and enthusiasm.
Noteworthy fact: Wilson’s Warblers are known for their preference for wet habitats, and they often nest near water sources such as streams and wetlands.
24. Mourning Warbler
Celebrate the migratory journey of Mourning Warblers as they pass through Maryland. These charming warblers captivate bird enthusiasts, appearing in up to 3% of checklists during migration.
Mourning Warblers present a subtle yet captivating appearance, with olive-green upperparts and a distinctive gray hood. They have a yellow underside with dark streaking.
Scientific name: Geothlypis philadelphia
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.3-6.7 in (16-17 cm)
These warblers breed in the northeastern United States and Canada before embarking on their migratory journeys. During migration, they can be observed in the eastern United States. They spend their winters in Central America and northern South America.
Spot the Mourning Warbler as it actively forages in dense vegetation, such as shrubs and understory, searching for insects and small invertebrates.
Delight in the melodic songs of Mourning Warblers, their mournful yet beautiful tunes echoing through the forest.
Noteworthy fact: Mourning Warblers are known for their secretive nature, often staying hidden in dense foliage and only revealing themselves through their distinctive songs.
25. Connecticut Warbler
Marvel at the rare presence of Connecticut Warblers as they migrate through Maryland. These captivating warblers enchant birdwatchers, appearing in up to 2% of checklists during migratory periods.
Connecticut Warblers exhibit a subtle yet striking appearance, with olive-green upperparts, a grayish head, and a yellow underside with faint streaking.
Scientific name: Oporornis agilis
Length: 5.1-5.5 in (13-14 cm)
Weight: 0.5-0.6 oz (14-17 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-8.7 in (20-22 cm)
These warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada before embarking on their migratory journeys. During migration, they can be observed in the eastern United States. They spend their winters in northern South America.
Discover the Connecticut Warbler as it forages in dense undergrowth and leaf litter, searching for insects and small invertebrates.
Immerse yourself in the melodious songs of Connecticut Warblers, their rich and musical tunes adding a touch of elegance to the natural chorus.
Noteworthy fact: Connecticut Warblers are known for their elusive behavior, often staying hidden in dense vegetation and rarely appearing in open areas.
26. Cerulean Warbler
Celebrate the migratory journey of Cerulean Warblers as they pass through Maryland. These delightful warblers captivate bird enthusiasts, appearing in up to 1% of checklists during migration.
Cerulean Warblers present a stunning appearance, with sky-blue upperparts and a white underside.
Scientific name: Setophaga cerulea
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.3-6.7 in (16-17 cm)
These warblers breed in the eastern United States and Canada before embarking on their migratory journeys. During migration, they can be observed in the eastern and central United States. They spend their winters in northern South America.
Spot the Cerulean Warbler as it actively forages in the upper canopy of deciduous forests, searching for insects and caterpillars.
Delight in the melodious songs of Cerulean Warblers, their high-pitched and cascading trills creating a sense of tranquility in the woods.
Noteworthy fact: Cerulean Warblers are known for their preference for tall, mature forests, particularly those near bodies of water such as rivers and streams.
27. Golden-winged Warbler
Marvel at the captivating presence of Golden-winged Warblers as they pass through Maryland during migration. These striking warblers captivate bird enthusiasts, appearing in up to 1% of checklists during migratory periods.
Golden-winged Warblers showcase a stunning combination of bright yellow plumage, white underparts, and distinctive black markings on their face and throat. They also have a golden-yellow patch on their wings.
Scientific name: Vermivora chrysoptera
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.3 in (19-21 cm)
These warblers breed in the northeastern United States and Canada before embarking on their migratory journeys. During migration, they can be observed in the eastern and central United States. They spend their winters in Central America and northern South America.
Discover the Golden-winged Warbler as it actively forages in shrubby habitats and young forests, searching for insects and caterpillars.
Immerse yourself in the melodious songs of Golden-winged Warblers, their sweet and buzzy tunes filling the air with a sense of joy.
Noteworthy fact: Golden-winged Warblers are experiencing population declines due to habitat loss and hybridization with Blue-winged Warblers, leading to the formation of a hybrid species known as “Lawrence’s Warbler” or “Brewster’s Warbler.”
28. Kentucky Warbler
Celebrate the presence of Kentucky Warblers as they breed in Maryland. These charming warblers captivate bird enthusiasts, leaving a lasting impression with their striking appearance.
Kentucky Warblers showcase a beautiful combination of bright yellow plumage and a distinctive black mask across their face.
Scientific name: Geothlypis formosa
Length: 5.1-5.5 in (13-14 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.6 oz (11-17 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-8.7 in (20-22 cm)
These warblers breed in the eastern United States and parts of the Midwest before embarking on their migratory journeys. They spend the winter in southern Mexico and Central America.
Spot the Kentucky Warbler as it forages on or near the ground in dense undergrowth, often near streams or wet areas, searching for insects, spiders, and other small invertebrates.
Delight in the rich and melodious songs of Kentucky Warblers, as they fill the forest with their distinctive series of rolling notes.
Noteworthy fact: Kentucky Warblers are known for their preference for habitats with dense understory vegetation and are often found in swampy or marshy areas.
29. Hooded Warbler
Marvel at the striking presence of Hooded Warblers as they breed in Maryland. These captivating warblers enchant birdwatchers, leaving a lasting impression with their vibrant plumage.
Hooded Warblers showcase a stunning combination of bright yellow plumage and a black hood extending from the face to the upper breast in males. Females have a more subdued olive-green coloration.
Scientific name: Setophaga citrina
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.3-6.7 in (16-17 cm)
These warblers breed in the eastern United States and parts of the Midwest before embarking on their migratory journeys. They spend the winter in southern Mexico and Central America.
Discover the Hooded Warbler as it forages in the understory of deciduous forests, often near streams or wet areas, searching for insects and small invertebrates.
Immerse yourself in the melodious songs of Hooded Warblers, as they fill the woodland with their distinctive and melodic “weeta-weeta” or “hoody-hoody-hoo” calls.
Noteworthy fact: Hooded Warblers are known for their unique breeding behavior, as males create multiple “dummy” nests to confuse potential predators and protect the actual nest where the female lays her eggs.
30. Worm-eating Warbler
Celebrate the presence of Worm-eating Warblers as they breed in Maryland. These delightful warblers captivate bird enthusiasts with their unique appearance and behavior.
Worm-eating Warblers showcase a subtle yet distinctive appearance, with an olive-brown upper body, buff-colored underparts, and dark streaks on their back and sides.
Scientific name: Helmitheros vermivorum
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (11-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.1-7.9 in (18-20 cm)
These warblers breed in the eastern United States, primarily in the Appalachian Mountains, before embarking on their migratory journeys. They spend the winter in Central America.
Spot the Worm-eating Warbler as it forages on or near the ground in dense undergrowth, primarily searching for caterpillars and insects.
Listen closely to the unique songs of Worm-eating Warblers
, as they produce a series of buzzy, high-pitched trills and chip notes.
Noteworthy fact: Worm-eating Warblers are known for their preference for steep, forested slopes with rich leaf litter, where they can find an abundance of their preferred food sources.
31. Yellow-throated Warbler
Marvel at the elegant presence of Yellow-throated Warblers as they breed in Maryland. These captivating warblers enchant birdwatchers with their striking plumage and distinctive markings.
Yellow-throated Warblers showcase a stunning combination of bright yellow plumage, a bold black mask extending from the bill to the eyes, and a prominent yellow throat.
Scientific name: Setophaga dominica
Length: 5.5-5.9 in (14-15 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (11-14 g)
Wingspan: 8.3-9.1 in (21-23 cm)
These warblers breed in the southeastern United States before embarking on their migratory journeys. They spend the winter in southern Florida, the Bahamas, and the Caribbean.
Discover the Yellow-throated Warbler as it forages in the upper canopy of mature forests, primarily searching for insects and small invertebrates.
Immerse yourself in the melodious songs of Yellow-throated Warblers, as they produce a series of clear, high-pitched whistling notes.
Noteworthy fact: Yellow-throated Warblers are known for their unique feeding behavior, as they often hover and glean insects from the undersides of leaves, resembling tiny acrobats in the treetops.
32. Yellow-breasted Chat
Celebrate the presence of Yellow-breasted Chats as they breed in Maryland. These charismatic warblers captivate bird enthusiasts with their distinct appearance and vibrant vocalizations.
Yellow-breasted Chats showcase a unique combination of bright yellow underparts, olive-green upperparts, and a bold white eye ring.
Scientific name: Icteria virens
Length: 6.3-7.5 in (16-19 cm)
Weight: 0.8-1.2 oz (22-34 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-9.1 in (20-23 cm)
These warblers breed in the eastern and central United States before embarking on their migratory journeys. They spend the winter in southern Mexico and Central America.
Spot the Yellow-breasted Chat as it forages in dense shrubby habitats, often near wetlands or thickets, searching for insects, fruits, and berries.
Listen to the vibrant vocalizations of Yellow-breasted Chats, as they produce a unique mix of whistles, rattles, and musical phrases, mimicking the calls of other birds.
Noteworthy fact: Yellow-breasted Chats are known for their highly secretive behavior, often staying hidden in dense vegetation and relying on their vocalizations to communicate and defend their territories.
33. Blue-winged Warbler
Marvel at the striking presence of Blue-winged Warblers as they breed in Maryland. These captivating warblers enchant birdwatchers with their vibrant plumage and unique markings.
Blue-winged Warblers showcase a beautiful combination of bright yellow plumage, a bold black eye stripe, and distinctive blue-gray wings.
Scientific name: Vermivora cyanoptera
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.3 in (19-21 cm)
These warblers breed in the eastern and central United States before embarking on their migratory journeys. They spend the winter in Central America.
Discover the Blue-winged Warbler as it forages in open woodlands, shrubby areas, and forest edges, primarily searching for insects and small invertebrates.
Immerse yourself in the melodious songs of Blue-winged Warblers, as they produce a distinctive buzzing “bee-buzz” song.
Noteworthy fact: Blue-winged Warblers are known for their ability to hybridize with Golden-winged Warblers, resulting in a hybrid species known as “Brewster’s Warbler” or “Lawrence’s Warbler.” This hybridization is a subject of interest among birdwatchers and researchers.
34. Nashville Warbler
Celebrate the presence of Nashville Warblers as they pass through Maryland during migration. These charming warblers captivate bird enthusiasts, leaving a lasting impression with their unique appearance.
Nashville Warblers showcase a subtle yet captivating appearance, with olive-green upperparts, a yellow throat, and a distinctive white eye ring.
Scientific name: Leiothlypis ruficapilla
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.3 oz (6-9 g)
Wingspan: 6.3-6.7 in (16-17 cm)
These warblers breed in Canada and parts of the northern United States before embarking on their migratory journeys. They spend the winter in Central America.
Spot the Nashville Warbler as it actively forages in shrubby habitats, often near water sources, searching for insects and small invertebrates.
Delight in the melodious songs of Nashville Warblers, as they produce a series of high-pitched, rapid trills and warbling notes.
Noteworthy fact: Nashville Warblers are named after Nashville, Tennessee, where they were first collected and described by Alexander Wilson, a famous ornithologist.
35. Bay-breasted Warbler
Marvel at the vibrant presence of Bay-breasted Warblers as they pass through Maryland during migration. These striking warblers captivate bird enthusiasts, leaving a lasting impression with their unique plumage.
Bay-breasted Warblers showcase a stunning combination of rose-colored underparts, olive-green upperparts, and a distinctive chestnut-colored crown.
Scientific name: Setophaga castanea
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (11-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.3 in (19-21 cm)
These warblers breed in Canada and parts of the northeastern United States before embarking on their migratory journeys. They spend the winter in northern South America.
Discover the Bay-breasted Warbler as it actively forages in deciduous forests, primarily searching for insects and caterpillars.
Immerse yourself in the melodious songs of Bay-breasted Warblers, as they produce a series of high-pitched, musical notes.
Noteworthy fact: Bay-breasted Warblers undergo a distinctive molt during their migration, transforming their vibrant breeding plumage into a more subdued appearance for the winter months.
36. Blackburnian Warbler
Celebrate the striking presence of Blackburnian Warblers as they pass through Maryland during migration. These captivating warblers enchant birdwatchers, leaving a lasting impression with their vibrant plumage and distinctive markings.
Blackburnian Warblers showcase a stunning combination of bright orange plumage, a bold black throat and face, and a prominent white wing patch.
Scientific name: Setophaga fusca
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.1-7.9 in (18-20 cm)
These warblers breed in Canada and parts of the northeastern United States before embarking on their migratory journeys. They spend the winter in northern South America.
Spot the Blackburnian Warbler as it actively forages in coniferous and mixed forests, primarily searching for insects and small invertebrates.
Listen to the vibrant vocalizations of Blackburnian Warblers, as they produce a high-pitched, thin, and sweet warbling song.
Noteworthy fact: Blackburnian Warblers are named after Anna Blackburne, an English botanist who was a patron of ornithology and a supporter of Alexander Wilson, the renowned ornithologist.
What Does the Melody of Warblers Resemble?
The sweet harmonies of warblers often grace your ears before your eyes catch sight of them. Familiarizing yourself with their various songs makes it easier to identify these avian creatures. Fortunately, certain warbler songs possess distinct qualities that set them apart.
Describing warbler songs proves challenging, as they encompass a medley of buzzing, clarity, and trilling, with pitches that rise or fall. Buzzing notes mimic the sounds of insects, clear notes resonate like whistles, and trills race by so swiftly that individual notes elude detection.
This guide showcases all the warblers and their melodic tunes. Should you wish to delve deeper, explore the treasury of 13 easily recognizable warbler songs it offers.
Warblers with Buzzing Songs:
– The Black-throated Blue Warbler’s song ascends while exuding a buzzing quality.
– Prairie Warblers emit buzzy, rising melodies.
– Black-throated Green Warblers produce buzzy songs with intermittent clear notes.
– Blackpoll Warblers’ songs are clear and steady, reminiscent of buzzing insects.
– Prairie Warblers’ melodies are both buzzy and ascending.
– Palm Warblers contribute their own buzzing songs.
Warblers with Songs of Clear Notes:
– Common Yellowthroats serenade with a sequence of rising and falling notes, cyclically repeated.
– Ovenbirds deliver a series of ascending and descending notes.
– Hooded Warblers exhibit clear notes in their melodic repertoire.
– Chestnut-sided Warblers’ songs consist of a cascade of clear, descending notes that accelerate at the finale.
– Yellow-rumped Warblers offer a succession of clear notes that gradually fade away.
– Yellow Warblers’ melodies accelerate in tempo.
– Northern Parulas culminate their rising trills with a distinct concluding note, akin to a period concluding a sentence.
– Wilson’s Warblers captivate with a flurry of clear, descending notes that gain momentum.
The Frequency of Warbler Sightings in Maryland during Summer and Winter
Comprehensive checklists provide valuable insights into the prevalence of bird species within your state. These records reveal which warblers are most frequently spotted during summer and winter in Maryland, according to the checklists compiled on eBird.
Warblers in Maryland during Summer:
– Common Yellowthroat: 29.9%
– Northern Parula: 15.7%
– Ovenbird: 14.5%
– American Redstart: 11.6%
– Yellow Warbler: 10.1%
– Yellow-rumped Warbler: 8.3%
– Black-and-white Warbler: 7.5%
– Blackpoll Warbler: 5.8%
– Black-throated Blue Warbler: 5.7%
– Louisiana Waterthrush: 5.3%
– Pine Warbler: 5.2%
– Yellow-breasted Chat: 5.1%
– Prairie Warbler: 4.8%
– Prothonotary Warbler: 4.5%
– Magnolia Warbler: 4.1%
– Chestnut-sided Warbler: 3.8%
– Black-throated Green Warbler: 3.7%
– Worm-eating Warbler: 3.2%
– Hooded Warbler: 3.1%
– Northern Waterthrush: 2.8%
– Yellow-throated Warbler: 2.7%
– Kentucky Warbler: 2.3%
– Canada Warbler: 1.9%
– Blackburnian Warbler: 1.4%
– Blue-winged Warbler: 1.2%
– Cape May Warbler: 1.2%
– Cerulean Warbler: 1.0%
– Bay-breasted Warbler: 0.9%
– Wilson’s Warbler: 0.7%
– Palm Warbler: 0.7%
– Tennessee Warbler: 0.6%
– Nashville Warbler: 0.6%
– Golden-winged Warbler: 0.2%
– Mourning Warbler: 0.2%
– Orange-crowned Warbler: Less than 0.1%
– Connecticut Warbler: Less than 0.1%
Warblers in Maryland during Winter:
– Yellow-rumped Warbler: 9.2%
– Pine Warbler: 0.6%
– Palm Warbler: 0.2%
– Orange-crowned Warbler: 0.2%
– Common Yellowthroat: 0.1%
– Nashville Warbler: Less than 0.1%
– Cape May Warbler: Less than 0.1%
– Yellow-breasted Chat: Less than 0.1%
– Prairie Warbler: Less than 0.1%
– Yellow Warbler: Less than 0.1%
– Tennessee Warbler: Less than 0.1%
– Northern Parula: Less than 0.1%
– Ovenbird: Less than 0.1%
– Wilson’s Warbler: Less than 0.1%
– Black-and-white Warbler: Less than 0.1%
– American Redstart: Less than 0.1%
– Chestnut-sided Warbler: Less than 0.1%
– Black-throated Blue Warbler: Less than 0.1%
– Yellow-throated Warbler: Less than 0.1%
– Blackpoll Warbler: Less than 0.1%
– Louisiana Waterthrush: Less than 0.1%
– Black-throated Green Warbler: Less than 0.1%
– Northern Waterthrush: Less than 0.1%
– Blue-winged Warbler: Less than 0.1%
– Prothonotary Warbler: Less than 0.1%
Enticing Warblers to Visit Your Backyard
Although warblers are less frequent visitors to backyard feeders compared to other songbirds, you can employ various strategies to attract these melodious avian wonders to your yard:
– If space allows, provide trees in your yard.
– Embrace a bit of untidiness by leaving brush piles, creating an inviting habitat for insects.
– Refrain from using pesticides or herbicides, ensuring an ample supply of insects for the birds while safeguarding their well-being.
– Offer a clean water source to quench their thirst.
– Tempt warblers with mealworms, preferably live, although dried alternatives can suffice.
– Install bird feeders stocked with sunflower seeds, peanut hearts, and suet.