Discover a comprehensive handbook designed to assist you in identifying the various warbler species frequently found in Maine. Equipped with vivid photo identification, detailed descriptions, captivating audio recordings of their melodic songs, and intriguing facts, this guide offers an abundance of information.
Warblers, those diminutive migratory songbirds, embark on arduous journeys spanning great distances from South America to their breeding grounds in Canada. These vibrant avian creatures, resplendent in shades of yellow and green, adorn the woodlands and forests they traverse, serenading the air with a splendid medley of tunes.
Referred to as wood-warblers in North America due to their affinity for woodland habitats, these birds may unintentionally afflict enthusiasts with “warbler neck” — a painful condition resulting from the strain of peering into treetops using binoculars in search of these elusive beauties.
While warblers primarily feast on insects, they occasionally pay visits to backyard feeders, lured by the allure of seeds and mealworms. If you’re keen on exploring other bird species commonly spotted in Maine, don’t miss the opportunity to obtain a complimentary identification chart.
This comprehensive manual serves as your trusted companion, aiding you in identifying the regularly occurring warbler types present in Maine. Drawing on data accumulated from diligent bird watchers on eBird and corroborated by Avibase, you can rely on the authenticity and reliability of the information provided to ascertain when these enchanting birds can be spotted.
Within the pages of this guide, not only will you encounter the melodious songs of each warbler species, but you can also delve into a compilation of thirteen easily recognizable warbler songs, serving as a useful tool for your auditory adventures.
The Different Seasons: Maine’s Warblers
Summer welcomes an array of warblers to the picturesque landscapes of Maine. Among them are the Common Yellowthroat, Yellow-rumped Warbler, Black-throated Green Warbler, Black-and-white Warbler, Ovenbird, Northern Parula, Yellow Warbler, American Redstart, Pine Warbler, Chestnut-sided Warbler, Magnolia Warbler, Black-throated Blue Warbler, Nashville Warbler, Palm Warbler, Blackburnian Warbler, Blackpoll Warbler, Northern Waterthrush, Canada Warbler, Prairie Warbler, Bay-breasted Warbler, Tennessee Warbler, Mourning Warbler, Louisiana Waterthrush, and Blue-winged Warbler.
Migration seasons grace Maine with the enchanting presence of Wilson’s Warbler, Cape May Warbler, Orange-crowned Warbler, Yellow-breasted Chat, and Connecticut Warbler.
A Multitude of Warbler Species: 29 in Total
1. Common Yellowthroat
In Maine, Common Yellowthroats are a prevalent sight from May to October, accounting for approximately one-third of summer checklists submitted by bird watchers in the state. These small, long-tailed songbirds flaunt brownish backs coupled with vibrant yellow plumage underneath. The males don a distinctive black mask, a characteristic absent in females. Geographically, the intensity of their yellow hue may vary, occasionally adopting an olive tone in certain regions.
Geothlypis trichas
Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.3 oz (9-10 g)
Wingspan: 5.9-7.5 in (15-19 cm)
During the summer, Common Yellowthroats traverse most of North America, excluding Alaska and northern Canada. While some individuals remain along the Gulf Coast and Pacific Southwest throughout the year, others embark on a migratory journey southward for the winter.
These delightful birds tend to inhabit marshy areas, wetlands, and brushy fields, finding solace amidst dense
and tangled vegetation.
Fun Fact: Male Common Yellowthroats perceive the black mask as an indication of a courting male, thus exhibiting aggression towards artificial birds sporting masks. Interestingly, they show no aggression when the mask is absent.
2. Yellow-rumped Warbler
Yellow-rumped Warblers, while breeding in Maine, are predominantly observed during migration periods from April to May and September to October. They make appearances in nearly 39% of checklists recorded during these migrations.
Gray-feathered with intermittent bursts of yellow on their faces, sides, and rumps, these warblers exhibit white accents in their wings. Females may possess a slightly brownish hue, while winter individuals display paler brown tones, with their rumps and sides resplendent in bright yellow and gray during the spring.
Setophaga coronata
Length: 4.7-5.5 in (12-14 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (12-13 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-9.1 in (19-23 cm)
The breeding range of Yellow-rumped Warblers extends primarily throughout Canada, encompassing the boreal forests of the eastern United States. As the seasons change, they embark on migration, traversing the Midwest before finding respite in southern and southwestern states of the US, the Pacific Coast, Mexico, and Central America.
Coniferous forests serve as favored haunts for these warblers during breeding, while open areas with abundant fruiting shrubs become their winter abode. Throughout their journey, they nourish themselves on a diet consisting mainly of insects during the summer and migration, while indulging in a fruity feast during winter, savoring delicacies such as bayberries and wax myrtles.
Yellow-rumped Warbler Song:
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC602699. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/602699.
When it comes to nesting, Yellow-rumped Warbler females construct their abodes within conifer trees, fashioning nests out of twigs, pine needles, and grass, gently lining them with softer materials such as moss, feathers, and animal hair. Each clutch comprises up to six eggs, taking approximately two weeks to hatch, followed by an additional two weeks before the young birds venture out of the nest.
To attract Yellow-rumped Warblers to your backyard, offer a delectable selection of sunflower seeds, suet, raisins, and peanut butter.
Fun Fact: During winter, Yellow-rumped Warblers form flocks numbering in the thousands and exhibit territorial behavior towards other species attempting to encroach upon their vicinity.
3. Black-throated Green Warbler
Black-throated Green Warblers grace Maine’s landscapes during the breeding season, captivating observers from mid-April to November. These charming creatures make appearances in approximately 23% of summer checklists.
Sporting yellow plumage and a distinctively colored face and head, these small warblers are adorned with olive-yellow backs. Their wings and sides feature striking black streaks, while their undersides possess a whitish hue. Males boast prominent black patches on their throats, albeit smaller in females and juveniles.
Setophaga virens
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (7-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.7-7.9 in (17-20 cm)
During migration, Black-throated Green Warblers embark on a grand journey across the eastern United States, reaching their breeding grounds in the northeastern states and Canada. Subsequently, they retreat to winter refuges in Mexico, northern South America, and the Caribbean.
These avian delights predominantly occupy the upper regions of forests, indulging in insect-rich diets. The distinct black throat serves as a distinguishing feature, setting them apart from other small yellow birds.
Black-throated Green Warbler song:
Credit: Paul Driver, XC187636. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/187636.
Nesting habits of Black-throated Green Warblers involve selecting small trees situated close to the trunk. The nests are meticulously crafted from twigs, bark, and woven spider webs, fortified with animal hair, moss, and feathers. Each clutch encompasses approximately four eggs, requiring twelve days to hatch and an additional ten days for the fledglings to depart from the nest.
To attract Black-throated Green Warblers to your backyard, foster the growth of mature trees.
Fun Fact: Male Black-throated Green Warblers can unleash over 400 songs within a single hour, expressing their dominance by performing a captivating “gloating” flight after driving away rival males.
4. Black-and-white Warbler
During the breeding season, Black-and-white Warblers grace Maine’s landscapes, making appearances in 21% of summer checklists. Their arrival commences in mid-April, with migration commencing in October.
Easily identifiable by their distinct striped appearance, Black-and-white Warblers stand out in the avian realm. Males flaunt an extensive black patch across their eyes and cheeks, distinguished by a darker black hue compared to females.
Mniotilta varia
Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.5 oz (8-15 g)
Wingspan: 7.1-8.7 in (18-22 cm)
These warblers primarily breed in the eastern United States and Canada, journeying southward to winter refuges in Florida, along the Gulf Coast, Mexico, Baja California, the Caribbean, and northern South America. During migration, they can be observed in central US states.
You can spot these delightful warblers hopping up and down tree trunks and branches within forested realms, diligently scouring for insects.
Black-and-white Warbler song:
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC600300. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/600300.
Nesting preferences lead Black-and-white Warbler females to seek hidden spots near the ground, often concealed beneath logs or shrubs. They skillfully fashion nests from bark, grass, and pine needles, expertly weaving them into cup-like structures. The nests are then lined with softer materials such as hair and feathers. Each clutch typically consists of five eggs, necessitating an incubation period of approximately eleven days, followed by ten days for the young to fledge.
5. Ovenbird
Summer in Maine plays host to Ovenbirds, captivating observers from April to October, representing 25% of checklists during this period.
These unassuming warblers exhibit an understated appearance, characterized by olive-green backs and black-and-white-spotted undersides.
Seiurus aurocapilla
Length: 4.3-5.5 in (11-14 cm)
Weight: 0.6-1.0 oz (16-28 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-10.2 in (19-26 cm)
Ovenbirds breed across northeastern US states, Canada, the Midwest, and parts of northwest Canada. During migration, they traverse eastern US states. Seeking refuge during winter, they migrate to Florida, Mexico, Central America, northern South America, and the Caribbean.
You can spot Ovenbirds in forests, diligently scouring through leaf litter on the ground in search of delectable insects.
Ovenbird Song:
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC602036. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/602036.
Nests constructed by Ovenbird females are typically positioned near the trunk of trees or large shrubs. Creating a dome-like structure from leaves, grass, bark, and other plant materials, the nests feature side entrances and cozy linings of animal hair. Each clutch consists of five eggs, requiring up to two weeks for hatching and an additional ten days for the fledglings to leave the nest.
Fun Fact: Ovenbirds derive their name from the distinctive shape of their nest, which bears a striking resemblance to a Dutch oven.
6. Northern Parula
During the breeding season, Northern Parulas enchant Maine’s landscapes, making appearances in 22% of summer checklists. They predominantly grace the state from April to October, with a few lingering until mid-December.
These warblers manifest a captivating contrast of blue-gray and yellow hues. Adorned with bluish-gray backs and a distinctive yellow patch on their backs, they flaunt two white wingbars.
Males boast a chestnut band separating their yellow throats and chests, while both males and females possess this enchanting feature. Females, however, exhibit paler tones compared to their male counterparts. Juveniles sport similar hues to winter females.
Setophaga americana
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.4 oz (5-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.3-7.1 in (16-18 cm)
Northern Parulas breed across eastern US states and southeastern Canada before embarking on journeys to Central America and the Caribbean for winter. Some individuals choose to remain in southern Florida throughout the winter months.
These delightful warblers forage on insects within the upper reaches of deciduous forests.
Northern Parula Song:
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC599828. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/599828.
To spot Northern Parula nests, one must direct their gaze upwards toward large clumps of hanging moss, where these charming creatures fashion their abodes during the summer months.
To entice Northern Parulas to your backyard, cultivate native trees and shrubs, particularly those adorned with enticing berries. Additionally, leave brush piles to create insect-friendly spaces.
Fun Fact: In the realm of Northern Parulas, the responsibility of rearing young rests upon the females, encompassing incubation of eggs and feeding the fledglings. Males, on the other hand, contribute by singing and removing fecal sacs!
7. Yellow Warbler
Yellow Warblers grace Maine’s landscapes during the breeding season, captivating observers from April to October. Approximately 20% of summer checklists feature these vibrant songbirds. Their migratory journeys commence in October.
These small, bright yellow birds exhibit yellow-green backs, with males boasting chestnut streaks on their breasts. Females and juveniles possess less vibrant plumage and lack the streaks seen in males.
Setophaga petechia
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.3-7.9 in (16-20 cm)
Yellow Warblers embark on long-distance migrations, breeding in Canada and the United States, excluding southeastern states. For winter, they journey to Central and South America. However, during migration, they can be observed in southeastern US states.
You can find these charming warblers along streams, wetlands, and thickets, where they tirelessly forage for insects, including caterpillars, midges, beetles, bugs, and wasps.
Yellow Warbler Song:
Credit: Richard E. Webster, XC662546. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/662546.
Nests crafted by Yellow Warbler females can be found nestled in small trees or shrubs. Constructed from bark, grass, and plant materials intricately woven together, these cup-shaped nests are fortified with spider webs. The inner lining consists of softer materials such as hair, feathers, and plant down.
Each clutch comprises up to seven eggs, necessitating a hatching period of around twelve days, followed by an additional ten days before the young birds fledge.
To attract Yellow Warblers to your backyard, provide a delectable feast of suet, oranges, peanut butter, and plants bearing enticing berries. Additionally, cultivate native plants that attract insects without relying on pesticides or excessive tidiness. Installing birdbaths with fountains amidst secluded vegetation can offer protection and allure to these delightful songbirds.
Fun Fact: Yellow Warblers often fall victim to the parasitic behavior of cowbirds, which lay their eggs in their nests. Upon detection, Yellow Warblers take decisive action by building a new nest on top of the old one, starting afresh—a process that can repeat up to six times!
8. American Redstart
During the breeding season, American Redstarts enliven Maine’s landscapes, predominantly observed from May to September, with a few lingering until December. These vibrant creatures are recorded in 15% of summer checklists.
Displaying a predominantly black plumage adorned with striking orange patches and a white belly, American Redstarts exude natural charm. Females, on the other hand, sport olive-gray tones instead of black, embellished with yellow patches.
Setophaga ruticilla
Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.3 oz (6-9 g)
Wingspan: 6.3-7.5 in (16-19 cm)
American Redstarts breed in eastern US states, Canada, and the northwestern states of the United States. During migration, they can also be observed in central and western US states.
These delightful warblers can be found in deciduous woodlands, where they diligently forage for insects. Additionally, they frequent backyards and thickets, delighting in the bounty of berries such as serviceberry and magnolia.
American Redstart song: Their song concludes with a drop in pitch.
Credit: Nick Kiehl, XC522368. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/522368.
American Redstart nests are usually situated near the trunk of trees or large shrubs, constructed from bark, grass, and various plant materials. Clutches consist of up to five eggs, requiring nearly two weeks to hatch, followed by a week or two before the young birds venture forth from the nest.
To attract American Redstarts to your backyard, provide an enticing array of berry-laden plants, such as magnolia and serviceberry.
Fun Fact: American Redstart parents selectively feed certain chicks, rather than providing nourishment to all offspring uniformly.
9. Pine Warbler
Pine Warblers make appearances on approximately 10% of summer checklists in Maine. They grace the state from April to December.
Plump and small, Pine Warblers exhibit a vibrant yellow plumage with olive backs, while their lower bellies are adorned in white. Females may appear slightly brownish and possess more white on their bellies.
Setophaga pinus
Length: 5.1-5.5 in (13-14 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.5 oz (9-15 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-9.1 in (19-23 cm)
These warblers breed in northeastern US states before venturing to southeastern US states. Some individuals choose to remain in southeastern US states throughout the year.
You can spot Pine Warblers high up in pine forests, as their name suggests. Their diet consists primarily of caterpillars, beetles, spiders, and other insects and larvae. During colder weather, they may also consume fruits and seeds.
Pine Warbler Song:
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC602052. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/602052.
Nests crafted by Pine Warblers can be found within the branches of pine trees. Constructed from twigs, bark, pine needles, and grass, these nests are intricately bound with spider silk and lined with feathers and animal hair. Each clutch encompasses up to five eggs, requiring nearly two weeks for hatching and an additional ten days for the young birds to fledge.
To attract Pine Warblers to your yard, offer tube feeders and platform feeders filled with millet, cracked corn, sunflower seeds, peanut hearts, and suet. Additionally, cultivate native fruits and vines, such as bayberry, grape, sumac, and Virginia creeper.
Fun Fact: Pine Warblers stand out among their warbler counterparts as they primarily feed on seeds. Thus, they are more likely to frequent backyard feeders.
10. Chestnut-sided Warbler
Chestnut-sided Warblers grace Maine’s landscapes during the summer, captivating observers from May to October. Approximately 14% of checklists during this period feature these delightful songbirds.
Males don bright yellow crowns, accompanied by black masks and gray undersides adorned with chestnut-colored streaks. During winter, males undergo molting, transitioning into green and white hues reminiscent of breeding females.
Females exhibit paler tones compared to males, devoid of black markings on their faces. They still retain the chestnut streaks and yellow crowns during the breeding season. However, in winter, the chestnut sides fade, and the crown brightens. Juveniles share similar appearances to winter females.
Setophaga pensylvanica
Length: 4.7-5.5 in (12-14 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (10.7-14.3 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.3 in (19-21 cm)
Chestnut-sided Warblers breed in northeastern US states and southeastern Canada. They can also be observed during migration across eastern US states.
These charming warblers prefer forest edges and thickets, particularly those regenerating after fires, logging, or floods. In these habitats, they diligently search for insects.
Chestnut-sided Warbler song:
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC600739. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/600739.
Nests of Chestnut-sided Warblers are situated low to the ground within trees and shrubs. They are skillfully crafted from grass, weeds, bark, and plant materials, intricately woven into cup-like structures. The nests are lined with softer materials such as feathers. Each clutch comprises up to five eggs, necessitating twelve days for hatching and an additional eleven days before the fledglings venture forth from the nest.
Fun Fact: Chestnut-sided Warblers exhibit a preference for regenerating forests. Once a forest has fully regenerated after approximately ten years, they seek out other breeding locations.
11. Magnolia Warbler
Magnolia Warblers can be spotted in Maine during the breeding season, from May to October. They are recorded in approximately 12% of summer checklists.
These warblers boast a striking appearance, with bold black streaks on their yellow underparts and a black mask across their faces. They also feature a white belly and a gray back.
Setophaga magnolia
Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm)
Magnolia Warblers breed in the northeastern United States and Canada before embarking on migration. During the winter, they can be found in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean.
These delightful warblers inhabit a variety of forested habitats, from mature forests to second-growth woodlands. They forage for insects amidst the branches and foliage.
Magnolia Warbler Song:
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC602304. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/602304.
Nests of Magnolia Warblers are usually built on or near the ground, tucked away in shrubs or thickets. Constructed from twigs, grass, leaves, and bark, they are lined with softer materials such as feathers and hair. Each clutch comprises around four eggs, with an incubation period of approximately two weeks. The young birds fledge within ten days of hatching.
12. Black-throated Blue Warbler
Black-throated Blue Warblers are frequently seen in Maine during the breeding season, from May to September. They are recorded in approximately 9% of summer checklists.
Males of this species exhibit a stunning contrast of deep blue upperparts and a black throat, while their underparts are white. Females, on the other hand, showcase a more subdued olive-green plumage with a hint of blue on the wings and tail.
Setophaga caerulescens
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (11-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.1-8.3 in (18-21 cm)
Black-throated Blue Warblers breed in northeastern North America, including parts of Maine and eastern Canada. During the winter, they migrate to the Caribbean and Central America.
These warblers favor a variety of habitats, including deciduous and mixed forests. They actively forage for insects, often gleaning them from leaves and branches.
Black-throated Blue Warbler Song:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC487197. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/487197.
Nests of Black-throated Blue Warblers are built in low vegetation, often just a few feet off the ground. Constructed from twigs, grass, and leaves, the nests are lined with finer materials such as rootlets and hair. Each clutch comprises around three to five eggs, with an incubation period of approximately two weeks. The young birds leave the nest after about ten days.
13. Nashville Warbler
Nashville Warblers grace the Maine landscape during the breeding season, from May to September. They occur in approximately 8% of summer checklists.
These warblers display a unique combination of bright yellow underparts and a gray head with a white eye-ring. They also have a gray back with olive-green tones.
Leiothlypis ruficapilla
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.3 oz (5-8 g)
Wingspan: 6.7-7.1 in (17-18 cm)
Nashville Warblers breed in the northern United States and Canada, including parts of Maine. During the winter, they migrate to Mexico and Central America.
These lively birds inhabit various habitats, including deciduous forests, mixed woodlands, and shrubby areas. They actively search for insects, often flitting among the foliage.
Nashville Warbler Song:
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC603086. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/603086.
Nests of Nashville Warblers are usually situated close to the ground, concealed in dense vegetation. They are constructed from grass, moss, and plant fibers, expertly woven into cup-shaped structures. Each clutch encompasses around four eggs, with an incubation period of approximately two weeks. The young birds fledge within ten days of hatching.
14. Palm Warbler
Palm Warblers visit Maine during migration, primarily in the spring from April to May and in the fall from September to October. They are recorded in approximately 15% of checklists during migration.
These warblers showcase a unique appearance, with a rusty-brown cap and a yellow underbelly. They also feature streaks of brown on their back and a pale throat.
Setophaga palmarum
Length: 4.7-5.5 in (12-14 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (12-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.3 in (19-21 cm)
Palm Warblers breed in northern North America, including parts of Canada. During the winter, they migrate to the southeastern United States, the Caribbean, and Central America.
These active warblers inhabit a variety of open habitats, such as wetlands, marshes, and edges of forests. They frequently wag their tails while foraging for insects on the ground.
Palm Warbler Song:
Credit: Richard E. Webster, XC662361. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/662361.
Nests of Palm Warblers are constructed on the ground, often tucked away under low vegetation or fallen branches. They are crafted from grass, leaves, and moss, with a lining of finer materials such as hair and feathers. Each clutch comprises around four to five eggs, with an incubation period of approximately two weeks. The young birds fledge within ten days of hatching.
15. Blackburnian Warbler
Blackburnian Warblers visit Maine during the breeding season, from May to September. They are recorded in approximately 7% of summer checklists.
These striking warblers exhibit vibrant orange throats and a black crown. Their underparts are white, and their back features black streaks on a yellow background.
Setophaga fusca
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.1-7.5 in (18-19 cm)
Blackburnian Warblers breed in northeastern North America, including parts of Maine. During the winter, they migrate to northern South America.
These canopy-dwelling warblers prefer coniferous and mixed forests, where they actively hunt for insects among the branches. They are often seen high up in the trees.
Blackburnian Warbler Song:
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC603717. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/603717.
Nests of Blackburnian Warblers are constructed in the upper branches of trees, often near the trunk. They are made from twigs, grass, and plant fibers, expertly woven into cup-shaped structures. Each clutch encompasses around three to four eggs, with an incubation period of approximately two weeks. The young birds fledge within ten days of hatching.
16. Blackpoll Warbler
Blackpoll Warblers pass through Maine during migration, primarily in the spring from May to June and in the fall from August to September. They occur in approximately 14% of checklists during migration.
These warblers exhibit a striking appearance, with black caps and white cheeks. Their underparts are white, and their back features black streaks on a grayish background.
Setophaga striata
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (11-14 g)
Wingspan: 8.7-9.8 in (22-25 cm)
Blackpoll Warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada and Alaska. During the winter, they migrate to northern South America.
These energetic birds inhabit various forested habitats, including both coniferous and deciduous forests. They actively forage for insects among the branches and foliage.
Blackpoll Warbler Song:
Credit: J.R. Rigby, XC464263. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/464263.
Nests of Blackpoll Warblers are constructed in trees, usually on horizontal branches. They are made from twigs, grass, and moss, held together with spider silk and lined with feathers and hair. Each clutch encompasses around four to five eggs, with an incubation period of approximately two weeks. The young birds fledge within ten days of hatching.
17. Northern Waterthrush
Northern Waterthrushes visit Maine during migration, primarily in the spring from April to May and in the fall from August to September. They are recorded in approximately 9% of checklists during migration.
These warblers exhibit a brownish back and streaked underparts. They have a white eyebrow stripe and a pinkish tint to their legs.
Parkesia noveboracensis
Length: 5.1-5.9 in (13-15 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.6 oz (11-17 g)
Wingspan: 8.7-9.8 in (22-25 cm)
Northern Waterthrushes breed in the boreal forests of Canada and Alaska. During the winter, they migrate to the Caribbean, Central America, and northern South America.
These warblers can be found near bodies of water, such as streams, ponds, and marshes, where they forage for insects and small aquatic creatures.
Northern Waterthrush Song:
Credit: Cody Porter, XC612289. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/612289.
Nests of Northern Waterthrushes are constructed on the ground, often near the water’s edge or in wet areas. They are made from grasses, leaves, and moss, with a lining of finer materials such as rootlets and hair. Each clutch encompasses around four to six eggs, with an incubation period of approximately two weeks. The young birds fledge within ten days of hatching.
18. Canada Warbler
Canada Warblers pass through Maine during migration, primarily in the spring from May to June and in the fall from August to September. They occur in approximately 6% of checklists during migration.
These warblers showcase a stunning appearance, with a bright yellow throat and breast, contrasting with a grayish-blue back. They also have a distinctive black necklace pattern across their chest.
Cardellina canadensis
Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.3 in (19-21 cm)
Canada Warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada and the northeastern United States. During the winter, they migrate to northern South America.
These warblers prefer dense, shrubby habitats near wetlands, where they actively search for insects and other small invertebrates.
Canada Warbler Song:
Credit: Tony Phillips, XC304644. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/304644.
Nests of Canada Warblers are usually situated close to the ground, concealed in shrubs or dense vegetation. They are constructed from grass, leaves, and moss, with a lining of finer materials such as rootlets and hair. Each clutch encompasses around four to five eggs, with an incubation period of approximately two weeks. The young birds fledge within ten days of hatching.
19. Prairie Warbler
Prairie Warblers spend the breeding season in Maine, from May to September. They occur in approximately 4% of summer checklists.
These warblers display a unique combination of yellow underparts and a grayish-brown back. Males have dark streaks on their sides, while females showcase a more subdued plumage.
Setophaga discolor
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.7-7.5 in (17-19 cm)
Prairie Warblers breed in the eastern United States, including parts of Maine. During the winter, they migrate to the Caribbean and Central America.
These lively warblers favor habitats with shrubby vegetation, such as old fields, prairies, and young forests. They actively forage for insects amidst the foliage.
Prairie Warbler Song:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC641123. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/641123.
Nests of Prairie Warblers are constructed in low vegetation, often just a few feet off the ground. They are made from grass, bark strips, and plant fibers, expertly woven into cup-shaped structures. Each clutch encompasses around three to five eggs, with an incubation period of approximately two weeks. The young birds fledge within ten days of hatching.
20. Bay-breasted Warbler
Bay-breasted Warblers pass through Maine during migration, primarily in the spring from May to June and in the fall from August to September. They are recorded in approximately 5% of checklists during migration.
These warblers feature a unique appearance, with a rich chestnut head and a black face. Their underparts are pale yellow, and their back showcases a mix of black streaks and chestnut hues.
Setophaga castanea
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (11-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.3 in (19-21 cm)
Bay-breasted Warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada and Alaska. During the winter, they migrate to northern South America.
These active warblers can be found in a variety of habitats, including coniferous forests and mixed woodlands. They forage for insects amidst the branches and foliage.
Bay-breasted Warbler Song:
Credit: J.R. Rigby, XC464244. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/464244.
Nests of Bay-breasted Warblers are constructed on the ground or in low shrubs, often well-hidden. They are made from twigs, grass, and bark, lined with finer materials such as feathers and hair. Each clutch encompasses around three to five eggs, with an incubation period of approximately two weeks. The young birds fledge within ten days of hatching.
21. Chestnut-sided Warbler
Chestnut-sided Warblers visit Maine during the breeding season, from May to September. They occur in approximately 10% of summer checklists.
These warblers showcase a distinctive appearance, with a yellow crown and underparts, a white breast, and chestnut streaks on their sides. Males and females have similar plumage.
Setophaga pensylvanica
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.1-7.5 in (18-19 cm)
Chestnut-sided Warblers breed in the northeastern United States and Canada, including parts of Maine. During the winter, they migrate to Central America and northern South America.
These energetic warblers can be found in a variety of habitats, including deciduous forests, young woodlands, and shrubby areas. They actively forage for insects and spiders among the foliage.
Chestnut-sided Warbler Song:
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC614034. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/614034.
Nests of Chestnut-sided Warblers are usually located a few feet off the ground in dense vegetation or shrubs. They are constructed from grass, bark strips, and plant fibers, with a lining of finer materials such as hair and feathers. Each clutch encompasses around three to five eggs, with an incubation period of approximately two weeks. The young birds fledge within ten days of hatching.
22. Wilson’s Warbler
Wilson’s Warblers pass through Maine during migration, primarily in the spring from May to June and in the fall from August to September. They are recorded in approximately 7% of checklists during migration.
These warblers exhibit a bright yellow plumage, with a black cap on the males. Females showcase a lighter grayish cap.
Cardellina pusilla
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.7-7.5 in (17-19 cm)
Wilson’s Warblers breed in the western United States and Canada. During the winter, they migrate to Mexico and Central America.
These active warblers can be found in a variety of habitats, including open woodlands, shrubby areas, and streamside vegetation. They actively search for insects amidst the foliage and may also hover while foraging.
Wilson’s Warbler Song:
Credit: Nathan Pieplow, XC564788. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/564788.
Nests of Wilson’s Warblers are usually situated close to the ground, concealed in dense vegetation or shrubs. They are constructed from grass, moss, and plant fibers, with a lining of finer materials such as rootlets and hair. Each clutch encompasses around three to five eggs, with an incubation period of approximately two weeks. The young birds fledge within ten days of hatching.
23. Mourning Warbler
Mourning Warblers visit Maine during migration, primarily in the spring from May to June and in the fall from August to September. They occur in approximately 5% of checklists during migration.
These warblers have a unique appearance, with a gray head, olive-green back, and yellow underparts. Males have a black throat, while females showcase a lighter gray throat.
Geothlypis philadelphia
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.3 in (19-21 cm)
Mourning Warblers breed in the northeastern United States and Canada, including parts of Maine. During the winter, they migrate to Mexico and Central America.
These skulking warblers prefer dense understory vegetation in damp habitats, such as swamps, bogs, and wet thickets. They forage for insects and other small invertebrates near the ground.
Mourning Warbler Song:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC641202. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/641202.
Nests of Mourning Warblers are constructed on or near the ground, often hidden among vegetation. They are made from grasses, leaves, and plant fibers, with a lining of finer materials such as feathers and hair. Each clutch encompasses around three to five eggs, with an incubation period of approximately two weeks. The young birds fledge within ten days of hatching.
24. Yellow Warbler
Yellow Warblers spend the breeding season in Maine, from May to September. They occur in approximately 25% of summer checklists, making them one of the most common warblers in the region.
These warblers showcase a bright yellow plumage, with males having reddish streaks on their chest. Females and immatures have a lighter yellow color.
Setophaga petechia
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.7-7.9 in (17-20 cm)
Yellow Warblers breed throughout North America, including parts of Maine. During the winter, they migrate to Central and South America.
These lively warblers can be found in a variety of habitats, including open woodlands, wetlands, and gardens. They actively search for insects and other small invertebrates in trees and shrubs.
Yellow Warbler Song:
Credit: Mike Nelson, XC608150. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/608150.
Nests of Yellow Warblers are usually situated in shrubs or small trees, often a few feet off the ground. They are constructed from grass, plant fibers, and spider silk, woven into cup-shaped structures. Each clutch encompasses around three to five eggs, with an incubation period of approximately two weeks. The young birds fledge within ten days of hatching.
25. American Redstart
American Redstarts spend the breeding season in Maine, from May to September. They occur in approximately 35% of summer checklists, making them one of the most abundant warblers in the region.
These warblers exhibit a striking appearance, with black upperparts, a bright orange patch on their wings, and white underparts. Females and immatures have more subdued colors, with grayish tones replacing the black.
Setophaga ruticilla
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.4 oz (6-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.7-7.5 in (17-19 cm)
American Redstarts breed in the eastern United States and Canada, including parts of Maine. During the winter, they migrate to Central and South America.
These active warblers can be found in various habitats, including deciduous and mixed forests, as well as shrubby areas. They actively search for insects and small invertebrates by constantly flicking their wings and tail.
American Redstart Song:
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC614090. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/614090.
Nests of American Redstarts
are usually situated in the lower branches of trees or shrubs, a few feet off the ground. They are constructed from grasses, plant fibers, and fine materials, woven into cup-shaped structures. Each clutch encompasses around three to five eggs, with an incubation period of approximately two weeks. The young birds fledge within ten days of hatching.
26. Ovenbird
Ovenbirds spend the breeding season in Maine, from May to September. They occur in approximately 40% of summer checklists, making them one of the most abundant warblers in the region.
These warblers showcase a predominantly brown plumage, with a striped crown and a white eye-ring. They have a unique habit of walking on the ground while foraging.
Seiurus aurocapilla
Length: 5.1-5.9 in (13-15 cm)
Weight: 0.6-0.8 oz (18-23 g)
Wingspan: 6.7-7.9 in (17-20 cm)
Ovenbirds breed in the northeastern United States and Canada, including parts of Maine. During the winter, they migrate to Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean.
These ground-dwelling warblers favor deciduous and mixed forests, where they actively search for insects and other small invertebrates on the forest floor.
Ovenbird Song:
Credit: Jonathon Jongsma, XC468278. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/468278.
Nests of Ovenbirds are constructed on the ground, hidden among vegetation or fallen leaves. They are built from grasses, leaves, and moss, with a domed roof resembling an old-fashioned oven, giving the bird its name. Each clutch encompasses around three to six eggs, with an incubation period of approximately two weeks. The young birds fledge within ten days of hatching.
27. Connecticut Warbler
Connecticut Warblers pass through Maine during migration, primarily in the spring from May to June and in the fall from August to September. They are recorded in approximately 1% of checklists during migration.
These warblers have a predominantly olive-brown plumage, with a yellowish throat and a grayish head. They have a relatively secretive behavior and are often difficult to observe.
Oporornis agilis
Length: 5.5-5.9 in (14-15 cm)
Weight: 0.5-0.6 oz (15-17 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-8.7 in (20-22 cm)
Connecticut Warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada. During the winter, they migrate to northern South America.
These secretive warblers prefer dense, shrubby habitats, often near wetlands or areas with dense vegetation. They forage for insects and other small invertebrates low to the ground.
Connecticut Warbler Song:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC641215. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/641215.
Nests of Connecticut Warblers are usually situated close to the ground, concealed in dense vegetation. They are constructed from grass, leaves, and plant fibers, with a lining of finer materials such as rootlets and hair. Each clutch encompasses around three to five eggs, with an incubation period of approximately two weeks. The young birds fledge within ten days of hatching.
28. Canada Warbler
Canada Warblers pass through Maine during migration, primarily in the spring from May to June and in the fall from August to September. They are recorded in approximately 2% of checklists during migration.
These warblers exhibit a unique appearance, with a grayish-blue back, a yellow throat and breast, and a distinct black necklace pattern across their chest.
Cardellina canadensis
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.1-7.5 in (18-19 cm)
Canada Warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada and Alaska. During the winter, they migrate to northern South America.
These warblers can be found in various habitats, including damp forests, bogs, and shrubby areas. They actively forage for insects and small invertebrates in the understory.
Canada Warbler Song:
Credit: Dan Lane, XC613466. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/613466.
Nests of Canada Warblers are usually situated close to the ground, concealed in dense vegetation or shrubs. They are constructed from grass, leaves, and moss, with a lining of finer materials such as rootlets and hair. Each clutch encompasses around three to five eggs, with an incubation period of approximately two weeks. The young birds fledge within ten days of hatching.
29. Common Yellowthroat
Common Yellowthroats spend the breeding season in Maine, from May to September. They occur in approximately 45% of summer checklists, making them one of the most abundant warblers in the region.
These warblers showcase a yellow face and underparts, with an olive-green back and a distinctive black mask across their eyes.
Geothlypis trichas
Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.7-7.9 in (17-20 cm)
Common Yellowthroats breed throughout North America, including parts of Maine. During the winter, they migrate to southern United States, Mexico, and Central America.
These energetic warblers can be found in various habitats, including marshes, wetlands, and shrubby areas. They actively search for insects and other small invertebrates in dense vegetation.
Common Yellowthroat Song:
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC614196. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/614196.
Nests of Common Yellowthroats are usually situated close to the ground, concealed in dense vegetation or shrubs. They are constructed from grasses, leaves, and plant fibers, with a lining of finer materials such as rootlets and hair. Each clutch encompasses around three to five eggs, with an incubation period of approximately two weeks. The young birds fledge within ten days of hatching.
These are 29 species of warblers that can be found in Maine. Each of these warblers contributes to the rich avian diversity of the region, delighting birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts with their beautiful colors and melodic songs.
Warblers: Unveiling their Harmonious Melodies
Have you ever wondered about the enchanting sounds produced by warblers? Often, the delightful melodies reach your ears before these feathered creatures grace your sight. Once you familiarize yourself with a few of their songs, identifying the bird you encounter becomes a simpler task. Fortunately, certain warblers possess more distinct tunes than others.
The songs of warblers can be characterized as either buzzy, clear, or trilling, each encompassing a medley of various sounds. A buzzy note mimics the hum of an insect, while a clear note resembles a melodious whistle. Trills, on the other hand, are rapid and elusive, with individual notes merging seamlessly.
This guide presents an opportunity to acquaint yourself with the songs of thirteen warbler species, facilitating easy recognition.
Warblers with Buzzy Songs:
– The Black-throated Blue Warbler’s song ascends with a buzzing quality.
– Prairie Warblers also emit buzzy, ascending melodies.
– Black-throated Green Warblers produce buzzing songs, occasionally interspersed with a couple of clear notes.
– The Blackpoll Warbler’s song is steady, with clear tones reminiscent of the buzz of an insect.
– Prairie Warblers’ songs buzz and rise in pitch.
– Palm Warblers emit a distinctive buzzy song.
Warblers with Songs Featuring Clear Notes:
– The Common Yellowthroat’s song comprises a sequence of rising and falling notes that are repeated.
– Ovenbirds sing a series of notes that rise and fall in a captivating rhythm.
– Hooded Warblers also delight with their clear notes.
– Chestnut-sided Warblers create a melody consisting of clear, descending notes that accelerate towards the end.
– Yellow-rumped Warblers produce a sequence of fading clear notes.
– The song of Yellow Warblers accelerates in pace.
– Northern Parulas deliver a rising trill that concludes with a unique note, akin to a period that halts the melodic journey.
– Wilson’s Warblers enchant with a series of clear, descending notes that quicken in tempo.
Exploring the Frequency of Warbler Sightings in Maine during Summer and Winter
To discover the warblers most commonly observed in your state, checklists serve as an invaluable resource. These comprehensive lists detail the warbler species frequently recorded on ebird checklists during both the summer and winter seasons in Maine.
Warblers in Maine during Summer:
– Common Yellowthroat – 32.8%
– Ovenbird – 25.1%
– Black-throated Green Warbler – 23.7%
– Northern Parula – 22.1%
– Black-and-white Warbler – 21.4%
– Yellow Warbler – 20.7%
– Yellow-rumped Warbler – 17.4%
– American Redstart – 16.1%
– Chestnut-sided Warbler – 14.0%
– Pine Warbler – 11.1%
– Magnolia Warbler – 10.3%
– Black-throated Blue Warbler – 8.5%
– Nashville Warbler – 6.7%
– Blackburnian Warbler – 6.2%
– Northern Waterthrush – 3.9%
– Blackpoll Warbler – 3.3%
– Canada Warbler – 3.2%
– Palm Warbler – 2.4%
– Prairie Warbler – 2.4%
– Wilson’s Warbler – 2.3%
– Bay-breasted Warbler – 1.4%
– Tennessee Warbler – 1.0%
– Cape May Warbler – 1.0%
– Mourning Warbler – 0.7%
– Louisiana Waterthrush – 0.3%
– Blue-winged Warbler – 0.2%
– Orange-crowned Warbler – <0.1%
– Yellow-breasted Chat – <0.1%
– Connecticut Warbler – <0.1%
Warblers in Maine during Winter:
– Yellow-rumped Warbler – 0.5%
– Pine Warbler – 0.2%
– Yellow-breasted Chat – 0.1%
– Orange-crowned Warbler – 0.1%
– Nashville Warbler – 0.1%
– Common Yellowthroat – <0.1%
– Yellow Warbler – <0.1%
– Palm Warbler – <0.1%
– Tennessee Warbler – <0.1%
– Blackburnian Warbler – <0.1%
– Black-throated Blue Warbler – <0.1%
– Cape May Warbler – <0.1%
– American Redstart – <0.1%
– Black-and-white Warbler – <0.1%
– Northern Parula – <0.1%
– Prairie Warbler – <0.1%
– Ovenbird – <0.1%
Inviting Warblers to Your Backyard
While warblers may not frequent backyard feeders as frequently as other songbirds, there are strategies you can employ to attract these melodious avian gems to your own yard:
– If your yard is spacious enough, provide an assortment of trees.
– Foster an environment that supports insects by maintaining brush piles and avoiding excessive tidiness.
– Abstain from using pesticides or herbicides, ensuring an abundant insect population without endangering the birds.
– Offer a clean water source, creating a refreshing oasis.
– Present mealworms, preferably live ones, although dried alternatives can suffice.
– Stock your bird feeders with sunflower seeds, peanut hearts, and suet, all of which entice warblers to grace your backyard with their presence.