Identifying brown birds, or as they’re colloquially known, “little brown jobs” (LBJ), can be a bit tricky as they often lack the distinctive features found in their more vibrantly colored counterparts.
However, there’s no need to fret. This guide is designed to help you distinguish between a sparrow, a wren, or any other brown avian species you might come across. Plus, discover which brown birds you can expect to see in Montana during different times of the year.
This guide will assist you in recognizing the brown-feathered visitors in your backyard or those seen in forests and fields. The birds are ordered from the most frequently to the least frequently observed, according to the checklists submitted by bird watchers on ebird for Montana.
Montana’s Brown Birds By Season
Year-round Brown Birds in Montana: Northern Flicker, House Finch, House Sparrow, Song Sparrow, Brown Creeper, Chestnut-backed Chickadee
Summer Brown Birds in Montana: American Robin, Pine Siskin, Mourning Dove, American Goldfinch, Cedar Waxwing, Brown-headed Cowbird, Chipping Sparrow, House Wren, Savannah Sparrow, Common Yellowthroat, Swainson’s Thrush, Spotted Towhee, Marsh Wren, Northern Waterthrush, Hermit Thrush, Brown Thrasher, Field Sparrow, Rose-breasted Grosbeak
Winter Brown Birds in Montana: American Tree Sparrow
Montana’s Brown Birds during migration: White-crowned Sparrow, White-throated Sparrow, Purple Finch, Swamp Sparrow, Eastern Phoebe
Rare or occasional species in Montana: Bewick’s Wren, Northern Cardinal, Eastern Towhee, Golden-crowned Sparrow, Wood Thrush, Great Crested Flycatcher, Carolina Wren, Winter Wren
38 Brown Birds In Montana
1. American Robin
American Robins can be sighted in Montana throughout the year, although they are more common during the breeding period from March to October. Birdwatchers report spotting them in 59% of summer checklists and only 7% of winter checklists.
American Robins are often seen on lawns foraging for earthworms. They are easily recognizable by their black heads and backs, contrasted with red or orange chests. During winter, they typically roost in trees, making them more visible in backyards during the springtime.
Turdus migratorius Length: 7.9-11.0 in (20-28 cm) Weight: 2.7-3.0 oz (77-85 g) Wingspan: 12.2-15.8 in (31-40 cm)
American Robins inhabit the lower 48 states, western Canada’s coast, and Alaska. Those breeding in Canada and the interiors of Alaska migrate southward during the winter season.
These birds thrive in a variety of environments, from woodlands, forests, and mountains to fields, parks, and lawns. Their diet consists of earthworms, insects, snails, and fruits.
To attract American Robins to your backyard, consider offering sunflower seeds, suet, peanut hearts, fruits, and mealworms. Platform feeders or scattering food on the ground works best. Additionally, planting native plants that bear berries, such as juniper, sumac, hawthorn, and dogwood, can attract these birds.
2. Northern Flicker
Northern Flickers are a common sight in Montana throughout the year. They are noted in 27% of the summer bird watching checklists and 33% of the winter lists for the state.
These large brown woodpeckers stand out with their black spots and a distinctive white patch visible on their rump when they take flight. Male Northern Flickers also have a red patch on the back of their neck.
Depending on their origin, Northern Flickers exhibit either red or yellow flashes in their wings and tail. Birds with red shafts are usually found in the west, while those with yellow shafts are typical in the east.
Colaptes auratus Length: 11.0-12.2 in (28-31 cm) Weight: 3.9-5.6 oz (110-160 g) Wingspan: 16.5-20.1 in (42-51 cm)
Northern Flickers are a year-round presence across the US and in Canada during the summer. Those that breed in Canada usually migrate to the south for the winter.
Their diet primarily consists of ants, beetles, fruits, and seeds, and they are often observed on the ground, using their curved bill to dig.
To attract Northern Flickers to your backyard, consider offering suet at your feeders. You can also look for other species of woodpeckers in Montana that might visit your backyard.
3. House Finch – Female
House Finches are a year-round fixture in Montana, making their presence felt throughout the year. They do not migrate and feature in 16% of the summer bird watching lists and 27% of the winter ones for the state.
The female House Finches sport a uniform brown-streaked appearance, whereas the males boast a red head and breast, with the remainder of their bodies predominantly brown-streaked.
Haemorhous mexicanus Length: 5.1-5.5 in (13-14 cm) Weight: 0.6-0.9 oz (16-27 g) Wingspan: 7.9-9.8 in (20-25 cm)
Originally native to the western US, House Finches were introduced in the eastern states and have thrived, even to the extent of displacing the Purple Finch.
They are frequently found in various habitats such as parks, farms, forest edges, and backyard feeders. Their noisy groups are a hard-to-miss feature of these locations.
You can draw House Finches to your backyard feeders by offering black oil sunflower seeds or nyjer seeds. These can be placed in tube feeders or platform feeders.
4. House Sparrow
House Sparrows, an introduced species, are a common sight in Montana throughout the year. They’re not migratory birds and can be found on 17% of the summer checklists and 25% of the winter checklists.
House Sparrows, initially introduced from elsewhere, have successfully adapted and are now among the most prevalent birds. They exhibit gray and brown hues on their heads and white cheeks, with black and brown feathers adorning their backs and gray on their bellies.
Passer domesticus Length: 5.9-6.7 in (15-17 cm) Weight: 0.9-1.1 oz (27-30 g) Wingspan: 7.5-9.8 in (19-25 cm)
House Sparrows inhabit the US and southern parts of Canada year-round. They’re typically found around residential areas and buildings, and they’re known to be quite friendly, often feeding from human hands.
Primarily, House Sparrows consume grains, seeds, and leftover food. While they can be seen as pests due to their non-native status, you’re likely to find them in your backyard even if you don’t have bird feeders.
To draw House Sparrows to your backyard, offer a variety of birdseeds, such as millet, corn, and sunflower seeds.
5. Song Sparrow
Song Sparrows are a common sight in Montana, particularly during the summer months, appearing in 21% of the checklists during this period. Their presence is most noticeable between April and July, but some of them also endure the western Montana winters, as evidenced by their appearance in about 10% of winter checklists.
Song Sparrows might not be the most visually striking backyard birds due to their primarily brown-streaked plumage, but their near-constant melodious song is an enticing factor during spring and summer mating seasons.
Melospiza melodia Length: 4.7-6.7 in (12-17 cm) Weight: 0.4-1.9 oz (12-53 g) Wingspan: 7.1-9.4 in (18-24 cm)
Song Sparrows can be found throughout the year in the northern regions of the United States. Those that breed in Canada migrate south to warmer US states during the winter.
These birds prefer open, wet, and shrubby environments, often seen singing from a low shrub, and they frequently visit backyard feeders.
Their diet is diverse, encompassing a wide range of insects and plants. They consume beetles, caterpillars, midges, spiders, and earthworms, and also feed on buckwheat, sunflower seeds, raspberries, wild cherries, blackberries, wheat, and rice.
To attract Song Sparrows to your backyard, use platform feeders filled with black oil sunflower seeds, cracked corn, and nyjer seeds.
Montana is home to a surprising variety of sparrows. Familiarizing yourself with their songs and intriguing facts can help enhance your bird-spotting experiences.
6. Pine Siskin
Pine Siskins are primarily spotted in southwestern Montana during their breeding period, and they migrate through the eastern part of the state. A number of these birds also inhabit the northwestern region of Montana year-round. They are reported in 21% of the summer checklists and make an appearance in 6% of the winter checklists.
These small finches exhibit a brown coloration with hints of yellow on their wings and tail. They are easily identified by their forked tail, pointed wings, and a short, sharp beak.
Spinus Pinus Length: 4.3-5.5 in (11-14 cm) Weight: 0.4-0.6 oz (12-18 g) Wingspan: 7.1-8.7 in (18-22 cm)
Pine Siskins make their homes in the pine forests of the western states and along the Canadian border throughout the year. Some of them also breed in Canada before migrating southward during winter.
Their presence across North America varies depending on the availability of pine cone crops. As their name implies, their diet mainly consists of conifer seeds, though they also consume young buds and seeds from grasses and weeds.
To attract Pine Siskins to your backyard, use feeders filled with thistle and nyjer seeds. They are also fond of black oil sunflower seeds and suet.
7. Mourning Dove
Mourning Doves are a common sight in Montana during their breeding period from April to September, though a few of them can be seen throughout the year. They are recorded in 25% of the summer checklists and appear in 3% of the winter ones.
These birds possess an elegant physique characterized by small heads, plump bodies, and long tails. Their soft brown feathers with black spots on the wings give them a distinct appearance. Males tend to weigh a bit more than females.
Zenaida macroura Length: 9.1-13.4 in (23-34 cm) Weight: 3.0 -6.0 oz (96-170 g) Wingspan: 17.7 in (45 cm)
Mourning Doves are found throughout the lower 48 states year-round, though some populations from the northern Midwest and southern Canada may migrate after the breeding season.
These birds are often observed perched on telephone wires, searching for seeds on the ground in grasslands, fields, and backyards, or in open areas and woodland edges.
To attract Mourning Doves to your backyard, scatter millet on the ground or on platform feeders. They are also attracted to black sunflower seeds, nyjer, cracked corn, and peanut hearts.
8. American Goldfinch – Female
American Goldfinches are often observed in Montana during their breeding period, although a fair number stick around in the southern part of the state throughout the year. They feature in 16% of the state’s summer checklists and 7% of its winter checklists.
The male American Goldfinch, with its vibrant yellow and black plumage, is a popular sight in spring. The females, as well as the males during winter, exhibit a more subdued brown coloration.
Spinus tristis Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm) Weight: 0.4-0.7 oz (11-20 g) Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm)
American Goldfinches inhabit most of North America and generally stay in the same area year-round. However, those that breed in Canada and the Midwest tend to migrate to the southern US for the winter months.
These birds are often found foraging in weedy fields and overgrown areas for sunflower, thistle, and aster plants. They are also a common sight in suburban areas, parks, and backyards.
To draw American Goldfinches to your backyard, consider planting thistles and milkweed. They are also known to frequent bird feeders, especially those containing sunflower seeds and nyjer seeds.
9. Cedar Waxwing
Primarily, Cedar Waxwings are observed in Montana during their breeding season, though a few of them choose to stay throughout the year. They are documented in 16% of summer checklists and a mere 2% of winter checklists.
Cedar Waxwings are refined, sociable birds, featuring a light brown hue on their heads, chests, and crests, which gradually transitions to gray on their backs, wings, and tails. Their bellies boast a pale yellow color that brightens towards the tail. Additionally, they have a slender black mask across their eyes and vibrant red on their wingtips.
Bombycilla cedrorum Length: 5.5-6.7 in (14-17 cm) Weight: 1.1 oz (32 g) Wingspan: 8.7-11.8 in (22-30 cm)
Cedar Waxwings can be found year-round in the northern half of the US. Those breeding in Canada typically migrate to the southern regions of the US during the winter.
Their calls are high-pitched, and they can usually be spotted in berry bushes, woodlands, and near streams.
To attract Cedar Waxwings to your backyard, consider planting native trees and shrubs that produce small fruits, such as serviceberry, dogwood, juniper, winterberry, and hawthorn. You can also try putting fruit on platform feeders.
10. Brown-headed Cowbird – Female
Brown-headed Cowbirds are a common sight in Montana during the summer, making appearances in 25% of recorded birdwatching checklists during this period. They typically breed here from May to September, although some decide to stay throughout the year.
Female Brown-headed Cowbirds exhibit an all-over brown coloration with subtle streaking. The males, larger than the females, boast black bodies, brown heads, and relatively short tails.
Molothrus ater Length: 76.3-8.7 in (19-22 cm) Weight: 1.3-1.8 oz (42-50 g) Wingspan: 14.2 in (36 cm)
Brown-headed Cowbirds are year-round inhabitants of the eastern and southern US states, as well as the Pacific Coast. However, those breeding in the northern and western US states, along with those in Canada, migrate south for the winter.
These birds are frequently regarded as problematic due to their parasitic tendencies. They have a reputation for destroying the eggs of smaller songbirds, only to lay their own eggs in the same nest, forcing the host bird to raise their offspring.
11. Chipping Sparrow
Brown-headed Cowbirds are a common sight in Montana during the summer, making appearances in 25% of recorded birdwatching checklists during this period. They typically breed here from May to September, although some decide to stay throughout the year.
Female Brown-headed Cowbirds exhibit an all-over brown coloration with subtle streaking. The males, larger than the females, boast black bodies, brown heads, and relatively short tails.
Molothrus ater Length: 76.3-8.7 in (19-22 cm) Weight: 1.3-1.8 oz (42-50 g) Wingspan: 14.2 in (36 cm)
Brown-headed Cowbirds are year-round inhabitants of the eastern and southern US states, as well as the Pacific Coast. However, those breeding in the northern and western US states, along with those in Canada, migrate south for the winter.
These birds are frequently regarded as problematic due to their parasitic tendencies. They have a reputation for destroying the eggs of smaller songbirds, only to lay their own eggs in the same nest, forcing the host bird to raise their offspring.
12. House Wren
House Wrens are typically present in Montana during their breeding season and are noted in approximately 18% of the summer birdwatching checklists. Their presence is usually registered from April through October.
House Wrens are small, unassuming brown birds characterized by darker bars on their wings and tails and a lighter throat. They are often observed with their tails held upright.
Troglodytes aedon Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm) Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (10-12 g) Wingspan: 5.9 in (15 cm)
House Wrens spend their breeding season across the United States and southern Canada, then migrate south to the southern US states and Mexico to overwinter.
House Wrens can be found in a variety of habitats, such as backyards, parks, and open woodlands, where they actively forage for insects and spiders. They are often seen energetically hopping through tangled underbrush and low branches, tails pointing upwards, pausing only to deliver their joyful song.
Despite their small size, House Wrens exhibit an aggressive side when it comes to securing prime nesting sites. They are known to confront larger birds and have even been observed removing eggs or young chicks from a desired nest site.
To attract House Wrens to your backyard, consider leaving piles of brush available or installing a nest box.
13. Savannah Sparrow
Savannah Sparrows are known to spend their breeding season in Montana, most commonly seen from the middle of April until the middle of October. They are spotted and recorded in about 14% of the summer birdwatching lists.
Upon close observation, Savannah Sparrows can be identified by a distinctive yellow patch near their eyes. They also possess short tails and are marked by streaky brown coloration.
Passerculus sandwichensis Length: 4.3-5.9 in (11-15 cm) Weight: 0.5-1.0 oz (15-28 g) Wingspan: 7.9-8.7 in (20-22 cm)
Following their breeding season in Canada and the United States, Savannah Sparrows migrate to southern US states and Mexico to spend the winter.
These birds typically inhabit open spaces like grasslands, where they can be found foraging for insects and spiders during the breeding season and seeds during the winter months.
Savannah Sparrows build their nests using grass, either on or near the ground. They lay up to six eggs, which usually hatch after about two weeks, with the fledglings leaving the nest after another one or two weeks.
While they don’t frequently visit feeders, Savannah Sparrows may be attracted to your yard if it features brush piles, long grass, and is situated near fields.
14. White-crowned Sparrow
White-crowned Sparrows make their breeding home in western Montana, with their presence notably increasing during migration periods in May and between September and October across the entire state. They make appearances in approximately 8% of summer birdwatching lists, but this number surges to 26% during migratory periods.
These sparrows are rather large and grayish in color, with distinctive black and white stripes on their heads, long tails, and small beaks.
Zonotrichia leucophrys Length: 5.9-6.3 in (15-16 cm) Weight: 0.9-1.0 oz (25-28 g) Wingspan: 8.3-9.4 in (21-24 cm)
After their breeding season in Alaska and the Arctic regions of Canada, White-crowned Sparrows migrate southwards to the lower 48 states and Mexico for winter. However, some of them choose to stay in the Pacific Coast and mountainous regions of the west throughout the year.
Habitats of the White-crowned Sparrows include weedy fields, forest edges, roadsides, and yards, where they forage for weed and grass seeds, as well as fruits like elderberries and blackberries.
The nests of these sparrows are typically made from twigs, grass, moss, and pine needles, often situated low in shrubs or on the ground in tundra regions. They can lay up to seven eggs, which usually take about two weeks to hatch, with the fledglings ready to leave the nest after approximately nine days.
You can attract White-crowned Sparrows to your backyard by providing sunflower seeds. They also have a tendency to feed on seeds dropped by other birds at the feeders.
15. Common Yellowthroat
Common Yellowthroats are frequently seen in Montana mainly during their breeding season, making up about 11% of the recorded summer sightings. They typically start arriving in May and begin their migration in October.
These small songbirds showcase a brownish hue on their backs and a bright yellow color on their undersides, complete with long tails. Male birds display a unique black mask across their faces. The intensity of the yellow color can vary depending on the geographic location, and they may display a more olive tint in certain areas.
Geothlypis trichas Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm) Weight: 0.3-0.3 oz (9-10 g) Wingspan: 5.9-7.5 in (15-19 cm)
Common Yellowthroats breed over a broad range in North America during summer, except for Alaska and the northern parts of Canada. Some of them stay year-round along the Gulf Coast and in the Pacific Southwest, while others migrate southward for the winter season.
These birds are usually found in marshy or wetland areas as well as brushy fields, making their homes amidst thick, tangled vegetation.
To lure Common Yellowthroats to your backyard, ensure you have dense vegetation and native plants that attract insects.
Common Yellowthroats belong to the warbler family and are among the many that can be spotted in Montana. Their captivating songs are a joy to hear and learn.
16. Swainson’s Thrush
Swainson’s Thrushes are typically sighted in Montana between May and October, making appearances in about 11% of the summer birding checklists.
These medium-sized thrushes are characterized by their pale undersides, dotted chests, and brown backs.
Catharus ustulatus Length: 6.3-7.5 in (16-19 cm) Weight: 0.8-1.6 oz (23-45 g) Wingspan: 11.4-12.2 in (29-31 cm)
Swainson’s Thrushes are often found in forests, where they forage for insects among the leaf litter on the ground during the breeding season. Their diet also includes red fruits like blackberries, raspberries, huckleberries, and sumac. Ants form another significant portion of their diet, and they feed other insects to their chicks.
Most often seen during the spring and fall migrations across the lower 48 states, Swainson’s Thrushes nest in Canada and Alaska, then travel to Central and South America to spend the winter.
To entice Swainson’s Thrushes to your backyard, consider installing birdbaths at ground level and providing plenty of tree and shrub cover.
17. Spotted Towhee
Spotted Towhees are frequently observed in Montana during their breeding period, which extends from March to October. They feature in about 8% of the summer birding checklists.
These large sparrows possess distinctive physical attributes. Males are primarily black on the head, throat, and back, while females exhibit a brown coloration. Both genders feature reddish-brown flanks, white bellies, and display white speckles on their wings and backs. Their tails are notably long.
Pipilo maculatus Length: 6.7-8.3 in (17-21 cm) Weight: 1.2-1.7 oz (33-49 g) Wingspan: 11.0 in (28 cm)
Inhabiting the western regions of the United States, Spotted Towhees from the northern interior tend to migrate south to Texas post-breeding season.
These birds are typically found on the ground amidst dense shrub tangles, where they forage for a variety of insects, including beetles, crickets, grasshoppers, caterpillars, wasps, and bees. They also supplement their diet with acorns, berries, and seeds.
Spotted Towhees typically construct their nests on or near the ground, using materials such as leaves, stems, and bark, and lining the inside with softer substances. They lay up to six eggs, which take approximately two weeks to incubate and an additional ten days for the fledglings to leave the nest.
You can attract Spotted Towhees to your yard by maintaining overgrown borders. They are also known to frequent platform or ground feeders for Black Oil Sunflower seeds, Hulled Sunflower seeds, Cracked Corn, Millet, and Milo.
18. Marsh Wren
During the breeding season, Marsh Wrens are observable in Montana, appearing in around 5% of the summer bird-observing checklists. While many head south during winter, some can be spotted in Montana year-round.
Marsh Wrens are predominantly brown birds, exhibiting black and white streaks on their backs. Their underbellies are a grayish-brown hue, and they are characterized by their distinctive upright tail, common to wrens. Both males and females share a similar appearance.
Their look can be confused with Sedge Wrens, but Marsh Wrens lack stripes on their shoulders and possess longer beaks.
Cistothorus palustris Length: 3.9-5.5 in (10-14 cm) Weight: 0.3-0.5 oz (9-14 g) Wingspan: 5.9 in (15 cm)
Marsh Wrens breed in the northern states of the US and central parts of Canada before migrating to the southern regions and Mexico. Some birds, particularly those residing in the west and along the Atlantic Coast, may stay all year round. They can be spotted during migration in the eastern US.
Marsh Wrens inhabit wetlands and can be seen clinging to reeds, each foot grasping a different stalk. They can be challenging to spot, but their songs can often be heard emanating from the reeds, especially at dawn and dusk. Their diet mainly consists of insects and spiders, which they pick off leaves close to the water.
Marsh Wrens construct fully enclosed nests, save for a small opening at the top. These nests are woven together from reeds and grasses.
19. American Tree Sparrow
American Tree Sparrows are typically observed in Montana during the winter months, starting from September. While some may linger until May, the best time to spot them is from November until mid-April. They appear in approximately 5% of winter bird-watching checklists.
These birds are characterized by their long tails and plump, brown-streaked bodies. They have notable rusty caps, gray faces, and a rusty line running through their eyes.
Spizelloides arborea Length: 5.5 in (14 cm) Weight: 0.5-1.0 oz (13-28 g) Wingspan: 9.4 in (24 cm)
American Tree Sparrows are considered winter birds in the US and summer birds in Canada. Their breeding habitats are located in the far northern regions of Canada and Alaska. Post-breeding, they migrate to most US states for the winter, excluding regions along the Pacific and Gulf Coasts.
These birds are typically found foraging in small groups in weed-filled fields or beneath bird feeders.
Their nests, usually constructed on or near the ground, are made from twigs, grass, and moss. They lay about five eggs, which take slightly less than two weeks to hatch, and a little over a week for the hatchlings to fledge.
Attract American Tree Sparrows to your backyard platform feeders by offering black oil sunflower seeds, nyjer, cracked corn, and millet. They also feed on seeds that have dropped to the ground from tube feeders.
20. Brown Creeper
Brown Creepers can be observed in Montana throughout the year, predominantly in the western region of the state. They feature in approximately 1% of summer bird-watching checklists and 3% of those compiled in winter.
These small songbirds are often difficult to discern against tree trunks, thanks to their brown streaked backs and white underbellies.
Certhia americana Length: 4.7-5.5 in (12-14 cm) Weight: 0.2-0.3 oz (5-10 g) Wingspan: 6.7-7.9 in (17-20 cm)
Unlike many species, Brown Creepers do not typically migrate. However, during winter, they may shift southward or from higher altitudes. Their geographic range includes Alaska, southern Canada, the northeastern and eastern United States, extending as far south as Mexico and Central America. During certain winters, they may also be found in central and southeastern states.
To spot these diminutive birds, focus your gaze on the trunks of mature trees within woodlands, where they are known to forage for insects and larvae hidden in the bark.
Brown Creepers are often seen climbing upwards on tree trunks, oriented with their heads facing upward – a trait contrasting with nuthatches, which move down tree trunks headfirst.
While they don’t typically sing, these songbirds emit a high, piercing call that can help in identifying their presence.
21. Northern Waterthrush
Northern Waterthrushes, marking their presence in about 3% of summer bird-watching records, are primarily observed in the western part of Montana from March through October.
These large, thrush-like birds display uniform traits in both males and females, characterized by brown heads sporting thick white eyebrows, dark brown backs, and white underbellies heavily streaked with dark lines that extend from their throats to their tails.
Parkesia noveboracensis Length: 5.75 inches (15 cm) Weight: 0.8 oz (23 g) Wingspan: 8.75 inches (22 cm)
Northern Waterthrushes are native to Canada, Alaska, and the northeastern United States during their breeding season, after which they migrate to Mexico, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. Some of them may choose to stay throughout the year in Central and South America.
These birds typically inhabit dimly lit, wooded swamps, thickets, and bogs. They are often found near still or slow-moving waters in forests. During winter in tropical regions, they are usually seen among mangroves.
The Northern Waterthrushes are both land and water foragers. They use their long legs to walk in shallow water to search for food like water beetles, mosquitoes, slugs, crustaceans, snails, and even small fish. They also feed on caterpillars, moths, and ants, which they find beneath leaves.
Their nests are typically situated in hollows or crevices near water bodies, hidden among ferns. These nests can be in a moss-covered stump or under an overhanging bank.
22. Hermit Thrush
Hermit Thrushes make Montana their breeding ground, appearing in about 3% of recorded checklists during this period. They are predominantly sighted from May to October, particularly in the state’s western region.
These birds display a distinctive upright posture, featuring stout bodies and elongated tails. Their backs are brown, while their undersides are white, decorated with spots on the throat and chest areas.
Catharus guttatus Length: 5.5-7.1 in (14-18 cm) Weight: 0.8-1.3 oz (23-37 g) Wingspan: 9.8-11.4 in (25-29 cm)
Hermit Thrushes choose to breed in Canada, the northeastern US, and western US territories. They can be observed migrating through the central states before settling for winter along the Pacific Coast, southeastern states, and Mexico.
In search of insects, these birds forage on the forest floor among leaf litter. During winter, their diet expands to include berries.
While they infrequently visit backyards, their somewhat melancholic song can be heard during the spring and summer seasons.
23. Brown Thrasher
Brown Thrashers are commonly seen in Montana between May and September, showing up in approximately 1% of summer birdwatching checklists.
These large songbirds share a similar size with robins, exhibiting elongated proportions. They sport brown backs and white chests and bellies that are streaked with brown. Their faces are of a gray hue, punctuated with striking yellow eyes.
Toxostoma rufum Length: 9.1-11.8 in (23-30 cm) Weight: 2.1-3.1 oz (61-89 g) Wingspan: 11.4-12.6 in (29-32 cm)
Residing in the central and eastern regions of North America, Brown Thrashers inhabiting the southeastern zone stay throughout the year, while their northern counterparts migrate south during the winter.
Despite their size, Brown Thrashers prove elusive, largely due to their preference for thickets and dense shrubbery. They are often detected by the rustling sounds they make while foraging for insects in leaf litter and soil. In addition to insects, they enjoy a diet of berries, beetles, and insects they catch mid-flight.
Renowned for their vocal capabilities, these songbirds can sing over 1000 different song types, ranking them among North America’s most versatile songbirds.
You can attract Brown Thrashers to your backyard by maintaining dense foliage and berry shrubs. They are also known to gather fallen seeds from beneath feeders.
24. White-throated Sparrow
White-throated Sparrows are observable in northeastern Montana primarily during the spring and autumn migration periods. They are most commonly sighted between September and October, making an appearance in about 5% of the birdwatching records during this period.
These sparrows are recognized by their unique black and white striped heads, a prominent white throat, and a dash of yellow between their eyes and beak. They exhibit brown hues on their backs, while their underparts are gray.
Zonotrichia albicollis Length: 6.3-7.1 in (16-18 cm) Weight: 0.8-1.1 oz (22-32 g) Wingspan: 7.9-9.1 in (20-23 cm)
White-throated Sparrows follow a migratory pattern, breeding predominantly in Canada and then relocating to the eastern and southern regions of the United States and the Pacific Coast during winter.
These sparrows can be found foraging on the forest floor or along the peripheries of wooded areas, often congregating in large groups.
The diet of White-throated Sparrows primarily consists of grass and weed seeds and a variety of fruits, including grapes, sumac, mountain ash, blueberries, blackberries, and dogwood. They also feed on a significant number of insects found on the forest floor, particularly during the summer months.
To attract White-throated Sparrows to your backyard, provide millet and black oil sunflower seeds on flat surfaces.
form feeders.
25. Chestnut-backed Chickadee
Montana doesn’t see many Chestnut-backed Chickadees, but these small birds can be found year-round in the western part of the state.
Chestnut-backed Chickadees are tiny creatures characterized by their black caps and throats, as well as their white cheeks. Their backs and sides display a rich chestnut color, while their wings and bellies are gray. Interestingly, in California, their sides are gray instead of brown.
Scientifically known as Poecile rufescens, these birds measure around 3.9 to 4.7 inches (10-12 cm) in length and weigh between 0.3 to 0.4 ounces (7-12 g). Their wingspan spans about 7.5 inches (19 cm).
These Chickadees thrive in flocks within damp evergreen forests along the Pacific Coast and are frequent visitors to backyard feeders.
Typically, you can locate Chestnut-backed Chickadees in conifer forests. Their diet mainly consists of insects like caterpillars, spiders, wasps, and aphids. Seeds, berries, and fruit make up the remaining portion of their food.
When it comes to nesting, Chestnut-backed Chickadees tend to occupy holes in decaying wood, either by creating them themselves or repurposing old woodpecker nests.
To attract Chestnut-backed Chickadees to your yard, you can provide black-oil sunflower seeds, suet, nyjer, peanuts, or mealworms in tube feeders, platform feeders, or suet cages. They also make use of nest boxes.
26. Field Sparrow
Field Sparrows are not frequently observed in Montana, but they are known to appear regularly during the summer months across the plains. From May to October, you can spot them mainly in the eastern part of the state.
These small and slender birds, known as Spizella pusilla, have brown backs streaked with black. Their undersides and heads are gray, while they boast a reddish crown and a pink bill.
Field Sparrows can be found year-round in the eastern states of the US, but those that breed in the Midwest migrate south for the winter.
During the breeding season, male Field Sparrows can be easily located as they sing from perches in the early mornings. However, outside of this time, they quietly forage on weeds and seeds, often in abandoned fields, making them somewhat elusive.
When it comes to nesting, Field Sparrows initially construct their nests on the ground for the first brood. As the breeding season progresses, they build their nests higher and higher. These nests are made of grass, and the female lays up to five eggs, which take approximately two weeks to hatch. The young ones then take around a week to fledge.
To attract Field Sparrows to your backyard, you can offer them cracked corn, hulled sunflower seeds, and millet.
27. Rose-breasted Grosbeak – Female
Rose-breasted Grosbeaks occasionally make appearances in Montana during the summer, specifically from May to September, although they are not very commonly seen in the region.
Female Rose-breasted Grosbeaks and immature males exhibit a brown coloration with prominent streaking and a touch of yellow beneath their wings.
Male Rose-breasted Grosbeaks, on the other hand, are distinguished by their black-and-white plumage, featuring black heads and backs, white bellies, and vibrant red breasts. Additionally, they possess a flash of red underneath their wings.
Scientifically known as Pheucticus ludovicianus, these birds measure approximately 7.1 to 8.3 inches (18-21 cm) in length, weigh around 1.4 to 1.7 ounces (39-49 g), and boast a wingspan ranging from 11.4 to 13.0 inches (29-33 cm).
Rose-breasted Grosbeaks breed in the northeastern United States, the Midwest, and southern and central Canada. During migration, they can be observed in southeastern US states. In the winter, they spend their time in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean.
These Grosbeaks can be found in forests, parks, and even backyard spaces, where they forage for insects, berries, and seeds.
When it comes to nesting, Rose-breasted Grosbeaks construct their nests on low tree branches. These nests are made of loosely-formed twigs, grass, and plants. They typically lay around five eggs, which take about two weeks to hatch. After hatching, both parents take turns incubating the eggs.
To attract Rose-breasted Grosbeaks to your backyard, you can provide them with sunflower seeds and peanuts as enticing food options.
28. Purple Finch – Female
Purple Finches are not particularly abundant in Montana, but they are most likely to be encountered during migration.
Female Purple Finches display a brown-streaked plumage throughout their bodies. In contrast, males exhibit reddish-purple heads and breasts, with more brown coloring on their backs and wings, and a paler belly. They bear a resemblance to House Finches but appear redder, especially on the upper portion of their back.
Scientifically known as Haemorhous purpureus, these finches measure around 4.7 to 6.3 inches (12-16 cm) in length, weigh approximately 0.6 to 1.1 ounces (18-32 g), and possess a wingspan ranging from 8.7 to 10.2 inches (22-26 cm).
Purple Finches breed in Canada and spend their winters in eastern US states. However, they can be found throughout the year in the northeastern regions and along the Pacific coast.
You can locate Purple Finches in evergreen forests, where they feed on seeds, as well as buds, nectar, and berries.
When it comes to nesting, Purple Finches build their nests high up in trees using twigs, barks, weeds, and moss. Typically, they lay three to five eggs, which are incubated by the female for a period of thirteen days.
To attract Purple Finches to your backyard, offering them black oil sunflower seeds can prove enticing.
29. Swamp Sparrow
Swamp Sparrows are not commonly sighted in Montana, but they are known to occur regularly in the northern part of the state during migration.
These sparrows feature a dark brown coloration on their backs, accompanied by rusty crowns and wings. They possess gray breasts, white throats, and gray heads with brown faces. Notably, they exhibit a distinct dark eye line and a yellow tip on their beaks.
Scientifically referred to as Melospiza georgiana, these sparrows measure approximately 4.7 to 5.9 inches (12-15 cm) in length, weigh around 0.5 to 0.8 ounces (15-23 g), and boast a wingspan spanning 7.1 to 7.5 inches (18-19 cm).
Swamp Sparrows are more commonly found in the eastern regions. They breed in Canada, northeastern US states, and North Central US states, and later migrate to eastern and southern US states, as well as Mexico.
As their name implies, Swamp Sparrows inhabit wetlands, swamps, bogs, and coastal marshes. They primarily feed on seeds and fruit, particularly during the winter months, and consume a higher proportion of insects during the spring season.
Nests of Swamp Sparrows are typically concealed within vegetation on or near the ground. They are constructed using twigs, leaves, and cattails, with the nest’s interior lined with grass and other plant materials.
Swamp Sparrows do not frequently visit backyards, except during migration when they are more likely to be found in yards abundant in vegetation and water.
30. Eastern Phoebe
Eastern Phoebes are not commonly encountered in Montana, but there have been occasional sightings during migration periods.
These plump songbirds have a grayish-brown coloration on their backs, with a whitish underside and a darker head.
Scientifically known as Sayornis phoebe, these birds measure around 5.5 to 6.7 inches (14-17 cm) in length, weigh approximately 0.6 to 0.7 ounces (16-21 g), and possess a wingspan ranging from 10.2 to 11.0 inches (26-28 cm).
Eastern Phoebes are migratory creatures, breeding across northeastern and central US states, extending into Canada. They then embark on a journey to southeastern US states and Mexico for the winter. Some individuals may choose to remain year-round in the southern parts of their range.
Eastern Phoebes are often solitary birds that prefer quiet woodlands. They can be observed wagging their tails from low perches, typically appearing alone rather than in pairs or flocks.
As flycatchers, these birds primarily feed on flying insects. However, they also consume spiders, other small insects, as well as small fruits and seeds. Eastern Phoebes are known to construct their nests on structures such as bridges, barns, or houses, utilizing mud and grass materials.
To attract Eastern Phoebes to your backyard, you can consider putting up a nest box specifically designed for them or incorporate native plants that produce berries, which can serve as an enticing food source for these birds.
31. Bewick’s Wren
Bewick’s Wrens are considered accidental species in Montana, meaning they are not typically found there, but there have been recent sightings in the Missoula area in 2022.
These wrens have brown backs and sport long, gray upright tails with darker barring. They have gray bellies and a distinctive white stripe above their eyes.
Scientifically known as Thryomanes bewickii, these wrens measure around 5.1 inches (13 cm) in length and weigh approximately 0.3 to 0.4 ounces (8-12 g).
Bewick’s Wrens are year-round residents of southern and western states, although they may make small movements during the winter.
You can locate Bewick’s Wrens in scrublands, thickets, and open woodlands, where they can be observed hopping from branch to branch, flicking their long tails. They primarily feed on insects and larvae, including bees, bugs, caterpillars, and beetles.
Nests of Bewick’s Wrens are built on rock ledges, old woodpecker nests, nest boxes, or crevices in buildings. These nests have a cup-shaped structure and are constructed using sticks and grasses, with a softer lining. The female lays a clutch of 3 to 8 eggs, which take approximately two weeks to hatch. The young birds then spend an additional two weeks in the nest before fledging.
To attract Bewick’s Wrens to your backyard, you can offer them suet, mealworms, and hulled sunflower seeds as enticing food options.
32. Northern Cardinal – Female
Northern Cardinals are considered rare or accidental species in Montana, but there have been recent sightings in the Glasgow area in 2022.
Female Northern Cardinals possess a subtle yet captivating beauty with their brown coloring, distinctive brown crest, subtle red highlights, and red beaks.
On the other hand, the male Northern Cardinal is a stunning sight with its vibrant red plumage, complemented by black around the face. Against a snowy winter backdrop, the red males truly stand out. They also boast red crests and beaks.
Scientifically known as Cardinalis cardinalis, these cardinals measure approximately 8.3 to 9.1 inches (21-23 cm) in length, weigh around 1.5 to 1.7 ounces (42-48 g), and possess a wingspan ranging from 9.8 to 12.2 inches (25-31 cm).
Northern Cardinals primarily reside in the eastern half of the United States, with some populations extending westward to states such as Arizona in the south.
You can find Northern Cardinals in areas with dense vegetation, where they forage for seeds, fruits, and insects. During the breeding season, male Northern Cardinals may exhibit aggressive behavior, attacking their own reflection as they zealously defend their territories.
To attract Northern Cardinals to your backyard, you can provide feeders filled with sunflower seeds, peanut hearts, millet, and milo. They will readily feed from large tube feeders, hoppers, platform feeders, or even from food scattered on the ground.
33. Eastern Towhee
Eastern Towhees are exceptionally uncommon in Montana and are considered accidental species within the state. The most recent sighting occurred around Willow Creek in 2019.
These strikingly large sparrows, similar in size to Robins, possess distinct features. Male Eastern Towhees showcase a black head, throat, and back, with reddish sides, long tails, and a white belly. Females, on the other hand, resemble males but with brown plumage instead of black.
Scientifically known as Pipilo erythrophthalmus, these towhees measure approximately 6.8 to 8.2 inches (17.3-20.8 cm) in length, weigh around 1.1 to 1.8 ounces (32-52 g), and boast a wingspan ranging from 7.9 to 11.0 inches (20-28 cm).
Eastern Towhees are year-round residents in southeastern US states. However, individuals from further north migrate southward during the winter season.
These towhees can be found rummaging through the undergrowth and along the borders of forests and thickets, where they search for food.
To attract Eastern Towhees to your backyard, it is beneficial to provide overgrown borders or areas with dense vegetation. Additionally, offering platform feeders stocked with black oil sunflower seeds, hulled sunflower seeds, cracked corn, and millet can be enticing food sources for these birds.
34. Golden-crowned Sparrow
Golden-crowned Sparrows are considered accidental species in Montana, making their presence in the state extremely rare. The most recent sighting occurred around Gardiner in 2021.
These sparrows exhibit grayish-brown coloring underneath and brown streaks on their backs. Their heads feature a distinct black crown and a bright-yellow forehead.
During the winter season, their colors become duller, including the brown crown, and the yellow forehead also loses its vibrancy.
Scientifically known as Zonotrichia atricapilla, these sparrows measure approximately 5.9 to 7.1 inches (15-18 cm) in length and weigh around 1.1 to 1.2 ounces (30-33 g).
Golden-crowned Sparrows breed in Alaska and western Canada before embarking on migration to the West Coast for the winter months.
You can typically find Golden-crowned Sparrows in weedy fields, where they actively scratch the ground in search of seeds, such as dock, sumac, and geranium. They also incorporate fruits like apples, grapes, elderberries, and olives into their diet. Insects, including ants, beetles, butterflies, and termites, also form a portion of their food source.
Nests of Golden-crowned Sparrows are usually situated on the ground and are constructed using twigs, moss, and leaves. The nest’s interior is lined with softer materials, such as animal hair, grass, and feathers.
To attract Golden-crowned Sparrows to your backyard, you can provide seeds on ground feeders or consider planting native plants that produce fruit, which can serve as an appealing food source for these birds.
35. Wood Thrush
Wood Thrushes are exceptionally rare in Montana, making them accidental species in the state. However, there were sightings reported around Malta in 2018.
Wood Thrushes possess plump bodies with white bellies adorned with black spots, giving them a slightly comical appearance. They have brown plumage on their backs and exhibit reddish tones on their crowns and upper backs.
Scientifically known as Hylocichla mustelina, these thrushes measure approximately 7.5 to 8.3 inches (19-21 cm) in length, weigh around 1.4 to 1.8 ounces (40-50 g), and have a wingspan ranging from 11.8 to 13.4 inches (30-34 cm).
Wood Thrushes undertake extensive migrations, traveling from eastern US states across the Gulf of Mexico to reach Central America within a single night.
These birds prefer to stay concealed, foraging for insects such as beetles and flies in the leaf litter of mature forests. During the spring season, they can be recognized by their melodious and flute-like song.
Please note that Wood Thrushes are typically more associated with eastern regions rather than Montana, where their presence is considered highly uncommon.
36. Great-crested Flycatcher
Great Crested Flycatchers are considered accidental species in Montana, which means their presence in the state is extremely rare. However, there have been a few sightings reported in the eastern part of the state in 2021.
These flycatchers exhibit brown coloring on their backs, with a yellow belly and a gray throat. They also display reddish flashes in their wing and tail feathers, although their crest is not very prominent.
Scientifically known as Myiarchus crinitus, these flycatchers measure approximately 6.7 to 8.3 inches (17-21 cm) in length, weigh around 0.9 to 1.4 ounces (27-40 g), and have a wingspan of about 13.4 inches (34 cm).
Great Crested Flycatchers breed across much of eastern North America and spend the winter in southern Florida, southern Mexico, and Central America.
These flycatchers perch high in woodlands, patiently awaiting the arrival of larger insects, such as butterflies, grasshoppers, moths, wasps, and spiders. They can be found in mixed woodlands, along the edges of clearings, parks, and tree-lined neighborhoods, as well as perched on fenceposts or other artificial structures. Great Crested Flycatchers also consume berries and small fruits.
To attract Great Crested Flycatchers to your backyard, consider planting native species of plants, as they will provide a source of insects. Leaving brush piles can also help attract insects. Additionally, planting berry-producing plants and putting up a nest box can entice these flycatchers, as they readily take up residence in suitable nesting sites.
37. Carolina Wren
Carolina Wrens are incredibly rare and considered accidental species in Montana, with a single sighting recorded around Arlee back in 2010.
These shy birds exhibit a dark brown coloration on their upper parts and light brown underneath. They possess a distinctive white eyebrow stripe, an upright tail, and are known for their loud and melodious “teakettle” song.
Scientifically known as Thryothorus ludovicianus, Carolina Wrens measure approximately 4.7 to 5.5 inches (12-14 cm) in length, weigh around 0.6 to 0.8 ounces (18-22 g), and have a wingspan of about 11.4 inches (29 cm).
Carolina Wrens are year-round residents across eastern and southeastern US states. They can be found in wooded areas or densely vegetated regions, and they may also visit backyard feeders.
To attract Carolina Wrens to your backyard, consider providing suet feeders, hulled sunflower seeds, or peanut hearts in large tube feeders or on platform feeders. These food options are likely to entice these birds to visit.
While some Wrens in Montana may be more commonly encountered in backyards, to spot others, it would be necessary to explore marshy areas where they are known to reside.
38. Winter Wren
Winter Wrens are exceedingly rare to come across in Montana, but they have been acknowledged by the Montana Bird Records Committee as rare or accidental species within the state.
These small and plump brown birds display darker barring on their wings, tail, and belly. They possess a lighter eyebrow stripe and short tails that they keep upright. Interestingly, male and female Winter Wrens share a similar appearance.
Winter Wrens bear a striking resemblance to Pacific Wrens, and they were once considered the same species. However, they are now recognized as distinct species, and they also have different songs.
Scientifically referred to as Troglodytes hiemalis, Winter Wrens measure approximately 3.1 to 4.7 inches (8-12 cm) in length, weigh about 0.3 to 0.4 ounces (8-12 g), and possess a wingspan ranging from 4.7 to 6.3 inches (12-16 cm).
During winter, Winter Wrens can be found in eastern US states, while in summer, they inhabit northeastern US states and Canada.
Keep an eye out for Winter Wrens concealed in tangled undergrowth within forests and backyards. They primarily feed on insects and spiders, foraging by rummaging through fallen leaves and decaying bark.
Nests of Winter Wrens are crafted using twigs, moss, and grass intricately woven together into a rounded structure with a small opening. They typically lay a clutch of 1 to 9 eggs, which take approximately two to two and a half weeks to hatch. Fledging occurs around the same timeframe.
To attract Winter Wrens to your backyard, consider incorporating native plants and creating dense vegetation, as these elements provide suitable habitat for these elusive birds.
How Frequently Brown Birds Are Spotted In Montana In Summer And Winter
Checklists serve as valuable tools for discovering the bird species commonly observed in a specific state. These curated lists provide insights into the prevalent brown bird species recorded on checklists in Montana during the summer and winter seasons, as compiled on platforms such as ebird.