Vermiculite aids in aeration of the soil, retaining water and nutrients, and is employed in garden or potting soil. Because of its water retention abilities, vermiculite is an excellent option for moist loving plants who need to amend their soil. It’s also effective for promoting cutting propagation’s faster root development. Horticultural vermiculite has the advantage of not breaking down in the soil.
Any gardener or houseplant owner will benefit from using vermiculite as a soil amendment. Vermiculite mixes well with peat, potting soil, composted materials, and fertilizers. It’s also very light. You may still be curious about vermiculite, despite the fact that it has numerous uses and is commonly used in gardens.
Is it safe to use vermiculite in the house, for example? Is it possible to grow plants in vermiculite without using chemicals? What are the advantages and disadvantages of using vermiculite as a soil amendment? This is a comprehensive guide to vermiculite, which answers all of your questions about this natural mineral.
What is Vermiculite?
When heated, vermiculite becomes lightweight particles, as shown in this illustration. Raw vermiculite is a sparkly black or brown flake that resembles silicate minerals. The raw vermiculite is heated to make horticultural vermiculite. As a consequence, it grows by a factor of 30 in size.
It also has an accordion-like shape. The rock-like vermiculite becomes lightweight granules with a grayish-brown appearance after going through a hydrothermal process.
In South Africa, China, the United States, and Brazil, vermiculite may be found in mineral mines. An exceptional heat procedure is necessary to convert this dense rock mineral into a lightweight pellet. Vermiculite is heated to between 1,000 and 1,500°F (540 and 810°C) using the process known as exfoliation.
The flakes seem to be worms that have puffed up and enlarged. Depending on their size, the resulting particles are graded.
What is Vermiculite Made Of?
Vermiculite is a hydrated magnesium aluminum-iron silicate mineral that resembles mica. It looks like a hard rock mineral when untreated. Along with contained water, the unusual mineral has a crystalline structure. Silicon oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, and water are all present in commercial vermiculite.
It appears to be golden-brown granules after being processed commercially. The pH level of commercial vermiculite granules for horticulture is neutral. Vermiculite is absorbent, lightweight, and insulating, making it ideal for gardening. As a result, vermiculite has a variety of commercial, industrial, and residential uses.
Uses of Vermiculite
Vermiculite is most often used as a high-volume, low-cost soil amendment. To enhance aeration, retain water, and encourage healthy root development, vermiculite is often utilized in soil mixes. In soilless growing mediums (hydroponics), vermiculite is also used. Rooting cuttings and improving seed germination are two other applications of vermiculite.
In gardens or houseplant potting soil, here are a few ways to use vermiculite:
- Use vermiculite for soil amendment. Vermiculite makes a lighter growing medium by combining well with peat or compost. The ability of roots to expand and improve soil drainage is enhanced by using vermiculite as an soil amendment.
- Vermiculite can be used for root cuttings. While propagating houseplants, use medium- or fine-grade vermiculite to root leaf or stem cuttings. Fill a tiny jar with vermiculite, moisten the granules, and put them in the grinder to start.
- Use vermiculite to increase water retention in soil. Vermiculite has excellent water retention abilities and transpires moisture to the plant as needed. It may help the plant conserve water and avoid root rot when blended in soil.
- Use vermiculite to improve seeds germination. Seed germination is another method to utilize vermiculite in the garden. To increase the germination of seeds, mix vermiculite with peat or soil.
- Aerate soil using vermiculite. Vermiculite is used to keep compacted potting soil in check. Due to roots taking in water, the soil in indoor plant pots gets compressed. As a consequence, there is insufficient moisture and nutrients taken in. As a result, mixing vermiculite in the soil prevents soil compacting.
- Use vermiculite in cut flower arrangements. For displaying cut flowers, use horticultural grade vermiculite. Vermiculite should be half-filled into a vase, then the excess water should be poured away. In the vase, arrange your flowers. Flower blooms will last longer when you use vermiculite, as you’ll discover.
- Use vermiculite for storing root vegetables and bulbs. Throughout the winter, you may store bulbs in vermiculite or preserve root vegetables. To safeguard against moisture accumulation and temperature fluctuations, simply pack vermiculite around the bulbs.
- Vermiculite can be used for mulching. Vermiculite can be used to mulch garden plants, which will help them thrive. To improve moisture control and protect roots from heat or cold, add two inches (5 cm) of vermiculite to the soil around shrubs, roses, or tomato plants.
How to Use Vermiculite in the Garden and Landscape
To create a light growing medium, use vermiculite in garden soil. In gardens where water is important for plant growth, vermiculite is the best option. To enhance the water retention abilities of sandy or vermiculite soils, you may work in them. For lawns, plants, shrubs, and trees in your garden, you can employ coarse grade horticultural vermiculite in a variety of ways:
Use vermiculite when seeding lawn. Mix vermiculite into the soil before applying lawn seeds. For every 100 square feet (30 m²) of soil, mix 3 cubic feet of vermiculite. Seed your lawn after thoroughly mixing the vermiculite into the soil. Next, a ¼ inch (6 cm) layer of vermiculite should be applied to the area. Drain the seeds well before planting. Vermiculite assists in prolonging moisture in the earth, keeping seed from heating, and assisting in the germination of new lawn seeds.
Use vermiculite in raised garden beds. In your garden soil, add roughly a third vermiculite. adding vermiculite to the soil helps it to hold water. With nutrient retention in raised beds in your garden, vermiculite may be useful.
Use vermiculite in your garden soil to grow vegetables and flowers. Dig a 2″ to 3″ (5 – 7.5 cm) layer of vermiculite into your garden soil before planting. Vermiculite, which is used in sandy soil, helps to retain moisture.
Vermiculite is used for growing trees or shrubs—Dig a hole where you want to put your tree or shrub. By combining equal portions of soil and vermiculite, you may make a soil combination.
While vermiculite may help break up soil, it’s best to use perlite if your sole objective is to aerate the ground. However, since of its enhanced water retention qualities, vermiculite is preferred over perlite in warm areas.
How to Use Vermiculite in Hydroponics
Combine equal proportions of perlite and vermiculite to utilize vermiculite in hydroponics. This combination helps to avoid excessive moisture in the root system. Aeration is also improved by the addition of perlite to vermiculite. For hydroponics, vermiculite is an excellent soilless medium.
Water retention is the primary benefit. Vermiculite offers several advantages in hydroponic media, including its light weight. To use vermiculite for hydroponics, all you have to do is apply water to it.
Using Vermiculite for Rooting Cuttings
For rooting cuttings, vermiculite is the best medium. Its ability to retain moisture encourages stem or leaf cutting propagation. Air circulation is also aided by vermiculite, which provides the ideal environment for new plant growth. To root cuttings, always use high-grade horticultural vermiculite. This is what you should do when attempting to root stem or leaf cuttings in vermiculite:
- Put the vermiculite in a small jar or container after drenching it with water.
- Insert the leaf or stem cutting into the vermiculite to root by diping the cut end with rooting hormone.
- Put the container in a warm, bright indirect light area and cover it with a clear plastic bag.
- Roots should be visible on the cuttings after roughly four weeks.
- Fill a pot with the proper potting mix and transplant the rooted cutting into it.
Advantages of Vermiculite
Vermiculite is non-rotting, non-breakdowning, and moldy free. It’s also a very absorbent, non-toxic material with no odor. Vermiculite is lightweight, promotes aeration of soil, and retains moisture, which are all benefits. The convenience of application, low cost, and benefits to soil and plants are all reasons why vermiculite is popular among professional gardeners.
What are the other properties of vermiculite? Vermiculite may be used for five reasons:
1. Vermiculite helps to aerate soil and retain moisture
Vermiculite, which helps retain moisture in light soil, is an excellent addition. In heavier soils, vermiculite is used to aerate them.
2. Vermiculite encourages faster root growth
Roots grow quicker when vermiculite is combined with peat or composted organic matter. Roots have more room to grow in vermiculite, which helps soil. As a result, young roots have an easier time developing, resulting in rapid plant development.
3. Vermiculite doesn’t deteriorate or break down
Since it doesn’t degrade in the soil, vermiculite is reusable. Vermiculite is made up of inorganic material and does not decompose, unlike other soil amendments such as bark chippings. As a result, vermiculite is an inexpensive soil amendment ingredient.
4. Vermiculite helps plants absorb nutrients
Vermiculite has cation exchange properties, which is another advantage. Since vermiculite may help release potassium, calcium, ammonium, and magnesium to sprouting plants, this property is critical for soil fertility.
5. Vermiculite assists with plant propagation
It is simple to propagate rooted plants using vermiculite. Because of its moisture-retentive properties and neutral pH levels, this rooting medium is ideal for cuttings.
Vermiculite vs. Perlite
When it comes to water and nutrient retention abilities, vermiculite outperforms perlite. Perlite, on the other hand, is better than vermiculite at aerating and loosening hard clay soil. Succulents and cacti, for example, prefer potting soil that isn’t constantly moist.
Perlite is ideal for them. Plants that prefer to grow in wet soil, such as ferns, are better suited for vermiculite. To obtain a favorable combination of aeration and water retention, mix perlite and vermiculite. To grow plants in water only, several hydroponic systems suggest a 1:1 ratio of vermiculite and perlite.
Vermiculite vs. Pumice
Pumice is a fantastic aerating medium for sluggish or poorly draining soil, but it has minimal water retention capabilities. When it comes to retaining moisture, vermiculite is better than pumice. If you want to boost soil moisture, it is a better option than pumice.
Disadvantages of Vermiculite
For gardeners, vermiculite isn’t always the best option. It might cause waterlogged soil if used in combination with heavy clay soil, since it has the tendency to retain moisture. Vermiculite has a number of drawbacks, as shown below:
1. Vermiculite holds too much moisture for some plants
Because of its moisture-retention ability, vermiculite isn’t ideal for certain types of houseplants. If they develop in moist, chilly situations, indoor plants are prone to root rot. This may cause your plant to develop bacterial and fungal root problems.
2. Vermiculite comes from a non-renewable source
Vermiculite, like perlite, is a mined mineral that comes from a non-renewable resource. Despite the fact that there is a massive supply of vermiculite in the world—enough to last for hundreds of years—it will eventually run out.
3. Vermiculite dust could be hazardous
While vermiculite isn’t harmful, inhaling tiny particles of dust is a source of worry. It’s always a good idea to use a face mask when working with vermiculite. Also, to avoid inhaling a lot of dust while working with vermiculite, moisten it first.
Is Vermiculite Safe to Use?
Vermiculite from horticulture is completely safe. Long-term or short-term exposure to vermiculite does not appear to cause any health problems, according to scientific research. Acute or chronic toxicity, as well as the presence of carcinogens, have not been established for vermiculite.
Concerns over possible links between asbestos and vermiculite were reported by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). The contaminated vermiculite came from a disused mine in Libby, Montana, United States of America.
The mine has not produced vermiculite since 1990. All vermiculite products on the market today are safe to use and conform to strict standards. It’s important to understand that asbestos isn’t found in pure vermiculite.
Is Vermiculite Toxic?
Vermiculite is a safe additive for gardening because it is not a poison. When potting plants or working in the garden, it is safe to handle vermiculite. It is, however, recommended to wear a protective mask because fine dust particles may irritate the respiratory system.
The Libby Montana mine is the source of all of the vermiculite health problems. asbestos-contaminated vermiculite sources were discovered there. The mine, however, closed in 1990 and no longer produces vermiculite.
Does Vermiculite Break Down?
Inorganic materials are those that aren’t from living stuff. Vermiculite is one of them. In the soil, vermiculite does not degrade, rot, or breakdown. Coarse vermiculite granules may be reused in potting soil by reclaiming them. As long as vermiculite is in the growing medium, it benefits the soil.
Is Vermiculite Organic?
Vermiculite is a beneficial mineral for organic gardening since it is natural. In manufacturing vermiculite, no synthetic chemicals or additives are used.
Mineral flakes are put under high heat to form light brown granules. The USDA recognizes vermiculite as a permitted organic farming ingredient. When vermiculite is said to be produced from an “inorganic” source, confusion ensues. Vermiculite, on the other hand, is a non-organic substance because it comes from a substance that does not contain carbon.
Can You Grow Plants in Just Vermiculite?
As a soilless growing medium, vermiculite is ideal. All you have to do is moisten medium- or coarse-grade vermiculite in water. Next, you may cultivate plants in this sterile medium. You’ll need to add the proper fertilizer since vermiculite lacks minerals and nutrients.
Where to Buy Vermiculite
Garden centers, hardware shops, and hydroponics specialty shops all sell vermiculite. Online, Amazon has a lot of vermiculite for sale. Just make sure you get horticultural vermiculite.