Discover the comprehensive manual unveiling the various species of warblers that frequently appear in Michigan. Equipped with photo identification, detailed descriptions, captivating audio recordings of their melodious songs, and intriguing tidbits, this guide offers much more than mere birdwatching assistance.
Warblers, those diminutive migratory songbirds, embark on arduous journeys spanning vast distances, traversing from the depths of South America to their breeding grounds as far as Canada. These vibrant avian creatures exude energy and vitality, dashing swiftly between their nesting and wintering abodes, adorning the landscape with a brilliant tapestry of yellow and green hues while serenading with an astounding repertoire of melodies.
Renowned as wood-warblers in North America, these exquisite avian beings predominantly inhabit woodlands and forests, camouflaging amidst the verdant foliage. Engaging in the pursuit of these elusive creatures may occasionally lead to a peculiar ailment known as “warbler neck,” a distressing condition characterized by a stiff and tingling sensation in the neck, arising from the ardent search for these avian gems through the boughs with binoculars.
Insects serve as the primary sustenance for warblers, although they occasionally visit backyard feeders to partake in seeds or mealworms. Furthermore, delve into the realms of other avian species that frequent the lands of Michigan and acquire a complimentary identification chart.
This all-inclusive guide diligently assists in identifying the regularly occurring warbler species found in Michigan, drawing upon authentic data obtained from avid birdwatchers registered on ebird, as well as avibase. Unveiling the precise periods when these splendid birds grace the region with their presence, this resource bestows genuine information regarding their sighting.
Michigan’s summertime witnesses a vibrant array of warblers, including the Common Yellowthroat, Yellow Warbler, American Redstart, Nashville Warbler, Black-throated Green Warbler, Ovenbird, Black-and-white Warbler, Pine Warbler, Chestnut-sided Warbler, Northern Parula, Blackburnian Warbler, Black-throated Blue Warbler, Blue-winged Warbler, Northern Waterthrush, Mourning Warbler, Hooded Warbler, Kirtland’s Warbler, Cerulean Warbler, Prothonotary Warbler, Louisiana Waterthrush, Prairie Warbler, Yellow-breasted Chat, Yellow-throated Warbler, and Worm-eating Warbler.
During the migration period, warblers grace Michigan’s landscapes, including the Yellow-rumped Warbler, Palm Warbler, Magnolia Warbler, Tennessee Warbler, Blackpoll Warbler, Bay-breasted Warbler, Cape May Warbler, Wilson’s Warbler, Canada Warbler, Orange-crowned Warbler, Golden-winged Warbler, and Kentucky Warbler.
Within this comprehensive guide, listeners are afforded the pleasure of experiencing the mesmerizing melodies of each warbler species, accompanied by an informative compendium. Additionally, we recommend perusing the supplementary compendium featuring 13 easily recognizable warbler songs, facilitating an effortless initiation into the world of warbler identification.
Michigan proudly hosts a grand total of 37 warbler species, each bearing its distinctive allure:
1. Common Yellowthroat
Michigan’s breeding season invites frequent sightings of the Common Yellowthroat. These diminutive songbirds, adorning brownish plumage on their backs and resplendent yellow plumage underneath, boast elongated tails. Remarkably, the males showcase a captivating black mask adorning their faces. The intensity of their yellow plumage exhibits geographical variation, occasionally assuming an olive hue in certain regions.
Geothlypis trichas
Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.3 oz (9-10 g)
Wingspan: 5.9-7.5 in (15-19 cm)
Spanning the majority of North America, excluding Alaska and northern Canada, Common Yellowthroats partake in summer breeding endeavors. While most individuals embark on southward migration during winter, a select few remain nestled along the Gulf Coast and Pacific Southwest.
Marshy or wetland areas, along with thickets and brushy fields adorned by dense, tangled vegetation, serve as favored habitats for Common Yellowthroats.
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC629250. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/629250.
Nest construction among Common Yellowthroats is primarily the responsibility of females, who meticulously fashion nests near the ground within marshy locales. These nests rest upon a foundation of leaves and grass, composed of grass and sedges, while housing up to six eggs. The incubation period spans approximately twelve days, with fledglings departing the nest within a similar timeframe.
To attract Common Yellowthroats to larger backyard spaces, dense vegetation and native plants prove enticing, ensuring a bountiful supply of insects.
Fun Fact: The presence of a black mask among Common Yellowthroats serves as a visual cue, denoting a male counterpart. Interestingly, when confronted with artificial birds lacking this feature, male Common Yellowthroats exhibit aggression; however, this behavior is absent in response to maskless decoys.
2. Yellow Warbler
Michigan’s landscape becomes enlivened by the presence of Yellow Warblers, appearing from April to October, with a prevalence of 30% during summer checklists.
Yellow Warblers showcase diminutive yet resplendent frames, with bright yellow plumage accentuated by a yellow-green back. Notably, males flaunt chestnut streaks across their breasts, while females and juveniles exhibit comparatively subdued coloration, devoid of such streaks.
Setophaga petechia
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.3-7.9 in (16-20 cm)
Undertaking arduous migratory journeys, Yellow Warblers undertake extensive travels to breed across Canada and the United States, excluding southeastern states. Subsequently, they embark on southward migrations, traversing Central and South America during winter. However, during migration periods, sightings within southeastern US states are plausible.
Yellow Warblers can be found along stream banks, wetlands, and the fringes of fields, foraging diligently for insects, encompassing caterpillars, midges, beetles, bugs, and wasps.
Credit: Richard E. Webster, XC662546. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/662546.
Nests of Yellow Warblers are skillfully crafted within small trees or shrubs, intricately woven from bark, grass, and plant material, fortified by the structural integrity of spider webs. The interior is delicately lined with softer materials, including hair, feathers, and plant down. Each clutch comprises up to seven eggs, requiring nearly twelve days for incubation, followed by an additional ten days for fledglings to leave the nest.
Attracting Yellow Warblers to backyard realms is achievable through the provision of suet, oranges, peanut butter, and plants yielding bountiful berries. Native plants harboring insects, devoid of pesticides and excessive tidiness, offer an enticing haven. Consider incorporating birdbaths equipped with fountains, strategically positioned amidst secluded greenery, providing a sense of security.
Fun Fact: Cowbirds often surreptitiously deposit their eggs within the nests of Yellow Warblers. However, should this act be detected, Yellow Warblers initiate a fresh nest-building process, superimposing a new structure atop the previous one, ultimately resetting the count up to six times!
3. Yellow-rumped Warbler
Yellow-rumped Warblers grace the southern regions of Michigan during winter, yet their population swells exponentially during migration, transpiring from April to May and September to October. An impressive 32% of checklists feature these captivating warblers during their migratory sojourns.
Distinguished by gray plumage complemented by flashes of yellow on the face, sides, and rump, along with white-winged accents, Yellow-rumped Warblers manifest seasonal variations. Winter birds sport a paler brown hue adorned by vibrant yellow rumps and sides, subsequently transitioning into a resplendent blend of gray and yellow during spring.
Two distinct subspecies exist: the Myrtle Warbler, prevalent across the eastern United States and boreal forests in Canada, lacks a yellow throat, while the Audubon’s Warbler, native to the western regions, showcases increased white in its wings.
Setophaga coronata
Length: 4.7-5.5 in (12-14 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (12-13 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-9.1 in (19-23 cm)
Yellow-rumped Warblers predominantly breed within Canada, the Rockies, and the Appalachian Mountains. Subsequently, they embark on extensive migrations, transversing the Midwest before settling in southern and southwestern US states, the Pacific Coast, Mexico, and Central America.
These delightful warblers favor coniferous forests during breeding seasons, while opting for open areas adorned with fruiting shrubs throughout winter. Their diet primarily comprises insects during summer and migratory periods, transitioning to a fruit-based sustenance, including bayberry and wax myrtle, during winter.
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC602699. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/602699.
Nest construction among Yellow-rumped Warblers occurs within conifer trees, utilizing twigs, pine needles, and grass meticulously woven into a robust structure. The interior is lined with soft grass, moss, and animal hair. Each clutch encompasses up to six eggs, necessitating two weeks for hatching, followed by an additional fortnight for the fledglings to depart the nest.
To entice Yellow-rumped Warblers into backyard domains, consider providing sunflower seeds, suet, raisins, and peanut butter.
Fun Fact: During winter, Yellow-rumped Warblers amass in flocks, often numbering in the thousands. They fiercely protect their territory from encroaching species, displaying remarkable aggression.
4. American Redstart
Michigan’s breeding season welcomes the enchanting presence of American Redstarts, observed from May to November. These captivating warblers grace approximately 17% of summer checklists, showcasing their distinctive appearance.
American Redstarts boast predominantly black plumage adorned with vibrant orange patches and a contrasting white belly. While males don this striking coloration, females display an olive-gray hue, accompanied by yellow patches.
Setophaga ruticilla
Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.3 oz (6-9 g)
Wingspan: 6.3-7.5 in (16-19 cm)
Breeding predominantly in eastern US states and Canada, American Redstarts embark on migrations that may lead to sightings in central and western US states. Winter sees them retreating to Florida, Mexico, Central America, northern South America, and the Caribbean.
Deciduous woodlands serve as favored habitats for American Redstarts, where they exhibit their prowess in capturing insects. Additionally, they can be found in backyard spaces and thickets, relishing the consumption of berries like serviceberry and magnolia.
Credit: Nick Kiehl, XC522368. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/522368.
Nest construction among American Redstarts entails placing nests close to the trunk within trees or large shrubs. Composed of bark, grass, and various plant materials, the nests offer a secure haven for eggs, numbering up to five. The incubation period spans approximately two weeks, while the fledglings depart the nest within one to two weeks.
Attracting American Redstarts to backyard realms proves fruitful with the inclusion of berry-producing plants such as magnolia and serviceberry.
Fun Fact: Rather than indiscriminately feeding all their chicks, American Redstart parents exhibit a discerning approach, selectively providing nourishment to specific individuals.
5. Nashville Warbler
While Nashville Warblers spend their breeding season in northern regions of Michigan, sightings during spring and fall migrations occur more prominently in the southern areas of the state.
Nashville Warblers exude a predominantly yellow hue, complemented by a green back and a gray head adorned with a white eye-ring. Females and juveniles possess a milder coloration compared to their male counterparts. Their distinctive feature lies in the white bellies nestled between the yellow breasts and under their tails.
Leiothlypis ruficapilla
Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.5 oz (6.7-13.9 g)
Wingspan: 6.7-7.9 in (17-20 cm)
Breeding grounds of Nashville Warblers encompass northeastern US states, Canada, and a smaller population extending into northwestern US states and British Columbia. During migration, sightings occur across most states.
Nashville Warblers thrive in scrubby habitats and low deciduous forests, diligently hunting for insects to sustain themselves.
Credit: Peter Ward and Ken Hall, XC512262. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/512262.
Nests constructed by Nashville Warblers lie in close proximity to the ground, meticulously fashioned using bark, moss, and grass woven into a cup-shaped structure. The nests are lined with pine needles, soft grass, and animal hair. Each clutch typically consists of five eggs, which hatch after twelve days, with the fledglings leaving the nest within ten days.
To entice Nashville Warblers to backyard spaces during winter in southern US states, offering suet can prove effective.
Fun Fact: During their inaugural migration, Nashville Warblers opt for the Atlantic Coast route; however, subsequent journeys veer
inland, showcasing their adaptability and resourcefulness.
6. Black-throated Green Warbler
Michigan’s summer season, spanning from April to October, witnesses the graceful presence of Black-throated Green Warblers, gracing approximately 9% of checklists during this period.
Black-throated Green Warblers enchant observers with their small yellow frames, featuring a yellow face and head, complemented by an olive-yellow back. Their sides and wings bear striking black streaks, while their underbellies display a whitish hue. Males sport large black patches adorning their throats, although such patches are smaller or absent in females and juveniles.
Setophaga virens
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (7-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.7-7.9 in (17-20 cm)
Black-throated Green Warblers embark on extensive migrations, spanning the eastern United States to their breeding grounds in northeastern US states and Canada. Throughout winter, they retreat to Mexico, northern South America, and the Caribbean.
These vibrant warblers prefer the upper reaches of forests, where they skillfully capture insects. Their distinctive black throat serves as a distinguishing feature, setting them apart from other small yellow birds.
Credit: Paul Driver, XC187636. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/187636.
Nests crafted by Black-throated Green Warblers are discreetly nestled in small trees, proximate to the trunk. Constructed using twigs, bark, and skillfully woven spiders’ webs, the nests are lined with animal hair, moss, and feathers. Each clutch comprises around four eggs, requiring twelve days of incubation, followed by ten additional days for the fledglings to leave the nest.
Mature trees within backyard spaces prove enticing to attract Black-throated Green Warblers.
Fun Fact: Male Black-throated Green Warblers serenade their surroundings with over 400 songs in a single hour, often accompanied by a captivating “gloating” flight display, serving as a victorious declaration after chasing away rivals.
7. Ovenbird
Michigan’s landscape comes alive with the enchanting presence of Ovenbirds, predominantly observed from May to September during the breeding season. This delightful species appears on approximately 11% of summer checklists.
Ovenbirds, though less flamboyant compared to other warblers, possess olive-green backs and distinctively sport black-and-white spotted undersides.
Seiurus aurocapilla
Length: 4.3-5.5 in (11-14 cm)
Weight: 0.6-1.0 oz (16-28 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-10.2 in (19-26 cm)
Breeding grounds for Ovenbirds extend across northeastern US states, Canada, and the Midwest, with a further reach into northwest Canada. They embark on migrations, often observed in eastern US states. Winter sees their retreat to Florida, Mexico, Central America, northern South America, and the Caribbean.
Ovenbirds, renowned for their ground-dwelling nature, rummage through leaf litter in forests, diligently foraging for insects.
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC602036. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/602036.
Ovenbird nests are typically situated on the ground, often concealed beneath logs or shrubs. Crafted from leaves, grass, bark, and other plant materials, these nests possess a side entrance and are lined with animal hair. Each clutch comprises around five eggs, with an incubation period of approximately two weeks, followed by an additional one to two weeks for the fledglings to leave the nest.
Fun Fact: Ovenbirds derive their name from the unique nest structures they build, reminiscent of a Dutch oven in shape.
8. Palm Warbler
Michigan welcomes the transient presence of Palm Warblers during migration, particularly from April to June and August to October. Notably, sightings peak during the spring migration in May, encompassing approximately 19% of checklists.
Palm Warblers exhibit a distinct appearance, characterized by a rusty red patch atop their heads and a brownish-olive color adorning the rest of their bodies. Western individuals tend to possess whiter bellies. Remarkably, both male and female Palm Warblers showcase similar appearances during the breeding season, while non-breeding birds exhibit slightly duller crowns.
Setophaga palmarum
Length: 4.7-5.5 in (12-14 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.5 oz (7-13 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-8.3 in (20-21 cm)
Primarily breeding in Canada, Palm Warblers grace the eastern US states during migration. Some individuals opt for wintering grounds in Florida, along the southeastern coast, and extend their journey to Mexico and Central America.
Palm Warblers predominantly favor weedy fields, forest edges, and scrubby areas during their migratory passages. They often forage alongside other bird species like Sparrows, Juncos, and Yellow-rumped Warblers, diligently scouring the ground for insects.
Credit: Richard E. Webster, XC189604. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/189604.
Nests of Palm Warblers are established in bogs and boreal forests, positioned on the ground. They are meticulously fashioned using grass, sedge, and ferns, intricately woven into a cup shape and lined with soft grass, feathers, and animal hair. Each clutch comprises approximately five eggs.
To attract Palm Warblers to backyard spaces, consider planting native shrubs and trees that entice insects, while bayberry or hawthorn can provide a source of berries.
Fun Fact: Palm Warblers display a unique behavior of walking on the ground, often bobbing their tails while foraging for insects, setting them apart from most other warbler species.
9. Black-and-white Warbler
Michigan’s landscape becomes all the more vibrant during the breeding season as the distinctive Black-and-white Warblers make their presence known. While their numbers increase during migration, these captivating warblers can be spotted in approximately 8% of summer checklists and up to 15% of checklists during the spring migration.
Black-and-white Warblers exhibit a unique striped appearance, setting them apart from their warbler counterparts. Males boast a large black patch that stretches across their eye and cheek, while their overall coloration appears darker than that of females.
Mniotilta varia
Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.5 oz (8-15 g)
Wingspan: 7.1-8.7 in (18-22 cm)
Breeding primarily in the eastern United States and Canada, Black-and-white Warblers embark on extensive migratory journeys. Their winter territories span across Florida, the Gulf Coast, Mexico, Baja California, the Caribbean, and northern South America. During migration, they can be observed in central US states.
Black-and-white Warblers display their acrobatic prowess by hopping up and down on tree trunks and branches within forests, diligently foraging for insects.
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC600300. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/600300.
Nests constructed by Black-and-white Warblers are cleverly hidden close to the ground, often beneath logs or shrubs. The nests are skillfully crafted using bark, grass, and pine needles, intricately woven into a cup shape. They are lined with soft grass, animal hair, and other suitable materials. Each clutch typically consists of around five eggs, which take approximately eleven days to hatch. The fledglings then remain in the nest for another ten days before venturing into the world.
10. Magnolia Warbler
During migration, the captivating Magnolia Warblers grace the Michigan landscape. While some individuals spend the breeding season in the northern parts of the state, sightings are most prominent during the spring and fall migrations.
Magnolia Warblers showcase a distinctive appearance, with males displaying a black back and yellow underparts. They bear black streaking that forms a “necklace” on their necks and extends down over their bellies. Females, on the other hand, exhibit a grayer back and lack the distinctive streaking on their bellies.
Setophaga magnolia
Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.5 oz (6-15 g)
Wingspan: 6.3-7.9 in (16-20 cm)
Magnolia Warblers breed across Canada and northeastern US states. During migration, they can be observed in the eastern United States. As winter approaches, they embark on journeys to Central America, the Caribbean, and northern South America.
You can spot Magnolia Warblers perched on low branches in forests or parks, making their migratory stopovers all the more enchanting. Their diet primarily consists of insects and spiders.
Credit: Peter Ward and Ken Hall, XC512264. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/512264.
Nests constructed by Magnolia Warblers are loosely crafted using grass and weeds. These nests are positioned close to the trunk of conifer trees. Each clutch comprises approximately four eggs, which require around twelve days to hatch. Once the young hatch, they remain in the nest for approximately nine days before venturing into the world.
To attract Magnolia Warblers to your backyard, consider incorporating native shrubs and trees that provide suitable resting spots during migration.
Fun Fact: Magnolia Warblers showcase their unique white tail spots as a means of attracting females and deterring rivals, contributing to their captivating displays during courtship and territorial encounters.
11. Tennessee Warbler
Michigan’s landscape becomes a temporary home for the Tennessee Warbler during its migration period. These delightful warblers can be spotted in the state from April to May and again from August to September.
Tennessee Warblers exhibit a predominantly olive-green coloration with a pale grayish head and a white eye-ring. They possess a slight yellow tint on their underparts, which becomes more prominent during the breeding season.
Leiothlypis peregrina
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (7-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.1-7.9 in (18-20 cm)
Breeding primarily in boreal forests of Canada, the Tennessee Warblers embark on long migratory journeys, during which they pass through Michigan. They spend their winter in Central America and northern South America.
Tennessee Warblers can be found in various habitats during migration, including woodlands, forest edges, and shrubby areas. They actively forage for insects among foliage, often flicking their wings as they move.
Credit: Richard E. Webster, XC399897. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/399897.
Nests of the Tennessee Warbler are skillfully hidden within conifer trees, usually constructed from moss, bark, and plant fibers. These nests are lined with fine grass and hair. The female lays around four eggs, which incubate for approximately two weeks before hatching. The young birds then remain in the nest for about nine to twelve days before taking flight.
12. Blackpoll Warbler
Michigan serves as a transient home for the Blackpoll Warbler during its remarkable long-distance migrations. These warblers can be observed during their spring and fall migrations, with sightings peaking in May and September.
Blackpoll Warblers display a black cap atop their heads, contrasting with their white cheeks and bright yellow underparts. Their wings bear bold black and white patterns, adding to their distinctive appearance.
Setophaga striata
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm)
Breeding primarily in boreal forests of Canada, the Blackpoll Warblers embark on one of the most impressive migratory journeys among all warbler species. They travel extensively, with their wintering grounds reaching as far as South America.
Blackpoll Warblers are highly adaptive during migration, and they can be found in various habitats, including woodlands, forests, and even coastal areas. They feed on insects and spiders, foraging actively among tree branches.
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC569595. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/569595.
Nests of the Blackpoll Warbler are typically located in spruce or fir trees, often positioned near the trunk and at a considerable height. Constructed from twigs, grass, and moss, these nests provide a secure space for the female to lay her clutch of four to five eggs. The incubation period lasts for around two weeks, after which the fledglings spend another ten to twelve days in the nest before taking flight.
13. Bay-breasted Warbler
The Bay-breasted Warbler graces Michigan during its migration period, making temporary stopovers in the state. Sightings of these stunning warblers are more common from May to June and again in September.
Bay-breasted Warblers exhibit a striking appearance with their predominantly chestnut-colored heads, necks, and upperparts, complemented by a black face mask. Their underparts showcase a lighter, buff-colored hue.
Setophaga castanea
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm)
Bay-breasted Warblers breed primarily in boreal forests of Canada and spend their winters in northern South America.
During migration, Bay-breasted Warblers can be found in various habitats, including woodlands, forests, and even urban parks. They feed on insects and caterpillars, often gleaning them from tree foliage.
Credit: Gregory F. Budney, XC588459. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/588459.
Nests of the Bay-breasted Warbler are skillfully constructed in conifer trees, typically positioned near the trunk. These nests are made from twigs, moss, and lichens, providing a secure environment for the female to lay her clutch of three to five eggs. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional ten to twelve days before the fledglings leave the nest.
14. Cape May Warbler
Michigan serves as a temporary home to the Cape May Warbler during its migratory passages. These enchanting warblers can be observed in the state from May to June and again from August to September.
Cape May Warblers exhibit a unique appearance, with their olive-green upperparts adorned with streaks of black and chestnut. Their underparts showcase a yellowish hue, while their faces display a distinct rusty patch.
Setophaga tigrina
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm)
The Cape May Warbler breeds in the boreal forests of Canada and spends its winters in the Caribbean and northern South America.
During migration, these warblers can be found in various habitats, including woodlands, forests, and shrubby areas. They primarily feed on insects, particularly those found among tree foliage.
Credit: Anthony Olivier, XC577783. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/577783.
Nests of the Cape May Warbler are typically constructed in coniferous trees, usually positioned near the trunk. These nests are skillfully woven using twigs, grass, and plant fibers, providing a secure space for the female to lay her clutch of three to five eggs. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional ten to twelve days before the fledglings leave the nest.
15. Wilson’s Warbler
Michigan becomes a temporary home to the Wilson’s Warbler during its migration period. These vibrant warblers can be observed in the state from May to June and again from August to September.
Wilson’s Warblers exhibit a predominantly bright yellow coloration, complemented by a distinct black cap atop their heads. Their underparts showcase a lighter yellow hue.
Cardellina pusilla
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.1-7.9 in (18-20 cm)
The Wilson’s Warbler breeds in the western parts of North America and spends its winters in Mexico and Central America.
During migration, these warblers can be found in various habitats, including woodlands, forests, and shrubby areas. They actively forage for insects, often flicking their wings as they move among foliage.
Credit: Michael G. Miller, XC160227. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/160227.
Nests of the Wilson’s Warbler are typically constructed on or near the ground, often in dense shrubs or vegetation. These nests are skillfully woven using grass, moss, and plant fibers, providing a safe space for the female to lay her clutch of three to six eggs. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional ten to twelve days before the fledglings leave the nest.
16. Canada Warbler
The Canada Warbler adds its enchanting presence to the Michigan landscape during its migration period. These charismatic warblers can be observed in the state from May to June and again from August to September.
Canada Warblers exhibit a distinctive appearance, with their bright yellow underparts adorned with a necklace of black streaks. Their upperparts showcase a slate-blue hue, and their faces display a distinct white eye-ring.
Cardellina canadensis
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (11-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm)
The Canada Warbler breeds primarily in the boreal forests of Canada and spends its winters in northern South America.
During migration, these warblers can be found in various habitats, including woodlands, forests, and wet areas. They actively forage for insects and other invertebrates among foliage and tree branches.
Credit: Jacob Wijpkema, XC173904. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/173904.
Nests of the Canada Warbler are skillfully constructed on or near the ground, often hidden among dense shrubs or vegetation. These nests are skillfully woven using grass, moss, and plant fibers, providing a secure space for the female to lay her clutch of three to five eggs. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional ten to twelve days before the fledglings leave the nest.
17. Orange-crowned Warbler
The Orange-crowned Warbler graces Michigan during its migration period, making temporary stopovers in the state. These charming warblers can be observed from late April to May and again from September to October.
Orange-crowned Warblers exhibit a predominantly olive-green coloration, often lacking the vibrant orange crown that gives them their name. Their plumage can vary, with some individuals displaying subtle hints of yellow or gray.
Leiothlypis celata
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm)
The Orange-crowned Warbler breeds across western parts of North America and spends its winters in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean.
During migration, these warblers can be found in various habitats, including woodlands, forests, and shrubby areas. They forage actively for insects, often hidden within foliage and tree branches.
Credit: Douglas Janson, XC607833. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/607833.
Nests of the Orange-crowned Warbler are skillfully constructed in shrubs or low vegetation, positioned near the ground. These nests are made from grass, bark, and plant fibers, providing a secure space for the female to lay her clutch of three to five eggs. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional ten to twelve days before the fledglings leave the nest.
18. Golden-winged Warbler
Michigan serves as a temporary home to the Golden-winged Warbler during its migratory passages. These captivating warblers can be observed
in the state from May to June and again from August to September.
Golden-winged Warblers exhibit a unique appearance, with their bright yellow underparts contrasting against their gray upperparts. Males possess distinctive golden patches on their wings, giving them their name.
Vermivora chrysoptera
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.1-7.9 in (18-20 cm)
The Golden-winged Warbler breeds in northeastern parts of North America and spends its winters in Central and South America.
During migration, these warblers can be found in various habitats, including shrubby areas, forest edges, and wetlands. They forage actively for insects and other invertebrates among foliage and tree branches.
Credit: Eric DeFonso, XC318179. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/318179.
Nests of the Golden-winged Warbler are typically constructed on or near the ground, often hidden among dense shrubs or vegetation. These nests are skillfully woven using grass, bark, and plant fibers, providing a secure space for the female to lay her clutch of three to five eggs. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional ten to twelve days before the fledglings leave the nest.
19. Connecticut Warbler
The Connecticut Warbler adds its charming presence to the Michigan landscape during its migration period. These secretive warblers can be observed in the state from late May to early June and again from late August to September.
Connecticut Warblers exhibit a predominantly olive-brown coloration with a slight grayish tinge on their heads. Their underparts showcase a paler yellowish hue, often with streaking on the breast.
Oporornis agilis
Length: 5.1-5.9 in (13-15 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (11-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-8.7 in (20-22 cm)
The Connecticut Warbler breeds primarily in the boreal forests of Canada and spends its winters in northern South America.
During migration, these warblers can be found in various habitats, including wet areas, shrubby thickets, and forest understory. They forage actively for insects and other invertebrates on the ground and among foliage.
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC575504. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/575504.
Nests of the Connecticut Warbler are skillfully constructed on or near the ground, often hidden among dense shrubs or vegetation. These nests are woven using grass, moss, and plant fibers, providing a secure space for the female to lay her clutch of four to six eggs. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional ten to twelve days before the fledglings leave the nest.
20. Kentucky Warbler
The Kentucky Warbler graces Michigan during its migration period, making temporary stopovers in the state. These striking warblers can be observed in late April to early May and again from late August to early September.
Kentucky Warblers exhibit a predominantly bright yellow coloration, with a distinct black mask extending from the bill to the eyes. Their underparts showcase a lighter yellow hue.
Geothlypis formosa
Length: 5.1-5.9 in (13-15 cm)
Weight: 0.5-0.6 oz (14-17 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-8.7 in (20-22 cm)
The Kentucky Warbler breeds in the southeastern parts of the United States and
spends its winters in Mexico and Central America.
During migration, these warblers can be found in various habitats, including moist woodlands, forest edges, and thickets. They actively forage for insects and other invertebrates on the ground and among foliage.
Credit: Brian E. Small, XC429451. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/429451.
Nests of the Kentucky Warbler are skillfully constructed on or near the ground, often hidden among dense shrubs or vegetation. These nests are woven using leaves, grass, and plant fibers, providing a secure space for the female to lay her clutch of three to five eggs. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional ten to twelve days before the fledglings leave the nest.
21. Mourning Warbler
The Mourning Warbler adds its enchanting presence to the Michigan landscape during its migration period. These charismatic warblers can be observed in the state from late May to early June and again from late August to early September.
Mourning Warblers exhibit a predominantly olive-green coloration with a slight grayish tinge on their heads. Males possess a distinct black throat patch, while females showcase a lighter grayish throat.
Geothlypis philadelphia
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm)
The Mourning Warbler breeds in the boreal forests of Canada and spends its winters in Mexico and Central America.
During migration, these warblers can be found in various habitats, including wet areas, shrubby thickets, and forest understory. They forage actively for insects and other invertebrates on the ground and among foliage.
Credit: Richard E. Webster, XC310994. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/310994.
Nests of the Mourning Warbler are skillfully constructed on or near the ground, often hidden among dense shrubs or vegetation. These nests are woven using grass, moss, and plant fibers, providing a secure space for the female to lay her clutch of three to five eggs. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional ten to twelve days before the fledglings leave the nest.
22. MacGillivray’s Warbler
Michigan serves as a temporary home to the MacGillivray’s Warbler during its migratory passages. These captivating warblers can be observed in the state from late April to early May and again from late August to early September.
MacGillivray’s Warblers exhibit a unique appearance, with their olive-green upperparts contrasting against their grayish heads. Their underparts showcase a yellowish hue, often with streaking on the breast.
Geothlypis tolmiei
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm)
The MacGillivray’s Warbler breeds in western parts of North America and spends its winters in Mexico and Central America.
During migration, these warblers can be found in various habitats, including shrubby areas, forest edges, and wetlands. They forage actively for insects and other invertebrates among foliage and tree branches.
Credit: Bob McGuire, XC403742. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/403742.
Nests of the MacGillivray’s Warbler are typically constructed on or near the ground, often hidden among dense shrubs or
vegetation. These nests are woven using grass, moss, and plant fibers, providing a secure space for the female to lay her clutch of three to five eggs. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional ten to twelve days before the fledglings leave the nest.
23. Nashville Warbler
The Nashville Warbler graces Michigan during its migration period, making temporary stopovers in the state. These charming warblers can be observed in late April to early May and again from late August to early September.
Nashville Warblers exhibit a predominantly olive-green coloration, often with a slight grayish tinge on their heads. Their underparts showcase a lighter yellow hue, and they possess a distinct white eye-ring.
Leiothlypis ruficapilla
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.1-7.9 in (18-20 cm)
The Nashville Warbler breeds in boreal forests of North America and spends its winters in Mexico and Central America.
During migration, these warblers can be found in various habitats, including woodlands, forests, and shrubby areas. They actively forage for insects and other invertebrates among foliage and tree branches.
Credit: Gregory F. Budney, XC534424. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/534424.
Nests of the Nashville Warbler are typically constructed on or near the ground, often hidden among dense shrubs or vegetation. These nests are woven using grass, moss, and plant fibers, providing a secure space for the female to lay her clutch of four to six eggs. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional ten to twelve days before the fledglings leave the nest.
24. Kentucky Warbler
The Kentucky Warbler graces Michigan during its migration period, making temporary stopovers in the state. These striking warblers can be observed in late April to early May and again from late August to early September.
Kentucky Warblers exhibit a predominantly bright yellow coloration, with a distinct black mask extending from the bill to the eyes. Their underparts showcase a lighter yellow hue.
Geothlypis formosa
Length: 5.1-5.9 in (13-15 cm)
Weight: 0.5-0.6 oz (14-17 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-8.7 in (20-22 cm)
The Kentucky Warbler breeds in the southeastern parts of the United States and spends its winters in Mexico and Central America.
During migration, these warblers can be found in various habitats, including moist woodlands, forest edges, and thickets. They actively forage for insects and other invertebrates on the ground and among foliage.
Credit: Brian E. Small, XC429451. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/429451.
Nests of the Kentucky Warbler are typically constructed on or near the ground, often hidden among dense shrubs or vegetation. These nests are woven using leaves, grass, and plant fibers, providing a secure space for the female to lay her clutch of three to five eggs. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional ten to twelve days before the fledglings leave the nest.
25. Mourning Warbler
The Mourning Warbler adds its enchanting presence to the Michigan landscape during its migration period. These charismatic warblers can be observed in the state from late May to early June and again from late August to early September.
Mourning Warblers exhibit a predominantly olive-green coloration with a slight grayish tinge on
their heads. Males possess a distinct black throat patch, while females showcase a lighter grayish throat.
Geothlypis philadelphia
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm)
The Mourning Warbler breeds in the boreal forests of Canada and spends its winters in Mexico and Central America.
During migration, these warblers can be found in various habitats, including wet areas, shrubby thickets, and forest understory. They forage actively for insects and other invertebrates on the ground and among foliage.
Credit: Richard E. Webster, XC310994. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/310994.
Nests of the Mourning Warbler are skillfully constructed on or near the ground, often hidden among dense shrubs or vegetation. These nests are woven using grass, moss, and plant fibers, providing a secure space for the female to lay her clutch of three to five eggs. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional ten to twelve days before the fledglings leave the nest.
26. MacGillivray’s Warbler
The MacGillivray’s Warbler serves as a temporary visitor in Michigan during its migratory passages. These captivating warblers can be observed in the state from late April to early May and again from late August to early September.
MacGillivray’s Warblers exhibit a unique appearance, with their olive-green upperparts contrasting against their grayish heads. Their underparts showcase a yellowish hue, often with streaking on the breast.
Geothlypis tolmiei
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm)
The MacGillivray’s Warbler breeds in western parts of North America and spends its winters in Mexico and Central America.
During migration, these warblers can be found in various habitats, including shrubby areas, forest edges, and wetlands. They forage actively for insects and other invertebrates among foliage and tree branches.
Credit: Bob McGuire, XC403742. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/403742.
Nests of the MacGillivray’s Warbler are typically constructed on or near the ground, often hidden among dense shrubs or vegetation. These nests are woven using grass, moss, and plant fibers, providing a secure space for the female to lay her clutch of three to five eggs. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional ten to twelve days before the fledglings leave the nest.
27. Nashville Warbler
The Nashville Warbler graces Michigan during its migration period, making temporary stopovers in the state. These charming warblers can be observed in late April to early May and again from late August to early September.
Nashville Warblers exhibit a predominantly olive-green coloration, often with a slight grayish tinge on their heads. Their underparts showcase a lighter yellow hue, and they possess a distinct white eye-ring.
Leiothlypis ruficapilla
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.1-7.9 in (18-20 cm)
The Nashville Warbler breeds in boreal forests of North America and spends its winters in
Mexico and Central America.
During migration, these warblers can be found in various habitats, including woodlands, forests, and shrubby areas. They actively forage for insects and other invertebrates among foliage and tree branches.
Credit: Gregory F. Budney, XC534424. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/534424.
Nests of the Nashville Warbler are typically constructed on or near the ground, often hidden among dense shrubs or vegetation. These nests are woven using grass, moss, and plant fibers, providing a secure space for the female to lay her clutch of four to six eggs. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional ten to twelve days before the fledglings leave the nest.
28. Connecticut Warbler
The Connecticut Warbler adds its enchanting presence to the Michigan landscape during its migration period. These secretive warblers can be observed in the state from late May to early June and again from late August to early September.
Connecticut Warblers exhibit a predominantly olive-brown coloration with a slight grayish tinge on their heads. Their underparts showcase a paler yellowish hue, often with streaking on the breast.
Oporornis agilis
Length: 5.1-5.9 in (13-15 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (11-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-8.7 in (20-22 cm)
The Connecticut Warbler breeds primarily in the boreal forests of Canada and spends its winters in northern South America.
During migration, these warblers can be found in various habitats, including wet areas, shrubby thickets, and forest understory. They forage actively for insects and other invertebrates on the ground and among foliage.
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC575504. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/575504.
Nests of the Connecticut Warbler are skillfully constructed on or near the ground, often hidden among dense shrubs or vegetation. These nests are woven using grass, moss, and plant fibers, providing a secure space for the female to lay her clutch of four to six eggs. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional ten to twelve days before the fledglings leave the nest.
29. Black-throated Blue Warbler
The Black-throated Blue Warbler graces Michigan during its migration period, making temporary stopovers in the state. These striking warblers can be observed in the state from late April to early May and again from late August to early September.
Black-throated Blue Warblers exhibit a distinctive appearance, with the males displaying a deep blue upperparts and a black throat and face. Females showcase a more subdued plumage with a grayish-olive coloration.
Setophaga caerulescens
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (11-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-8.7 in (20-22 cm)
The Black-throated Blue Warbler breeds in eastern parts of North America and spends its winters in the Caribbean and northern South America.
During migration, these warblers can be found in various habitats, including woodlands, forests, and shrubby areas. They actively forage for insects and other invertebrates among foliage and tree branches.
Credit: Bob McGuire, XC598437. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/598437.
Nests of the Black-throated Blue Warbler are typically constructed in the understory of deciduous or mixed forests, positioned near the ground. These nests are
woven using twigs, grass, and plant fibers, providing a secure space for the female to lay her clutch of three to five eggs. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional ten to twelve days before the fledglings leave the nest.
30. Palm Warbler
The Palm Warbler adds its vibrant presence to the Michigan landscape during its migration period. These lively warblers can be observed in the state from late April to early May and again from late August to early September.
Palm Warblers exhibit a distinctive appearance, with their rusty cap and yellow underparts. They possess a tail that constantly pumps up and down, a behavior that sets them apart from other warbler species.
Setophaga palmarum
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (11-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-8.7 in (20-22 cm)
The Palm Warbler breeds in the northern parts of North America and spends its winters in the southern United States and the Caribbean.
During migration, these warblers can be found in various habitats, including open areas, fields, and forest edges. They actively forage for insects and other invertebrates on the ground and low vegetation.
Credit: Michael G. Miller, XC317727. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/317727.
Nests of the Palm Warbler are typically constructed on or near the ground, often hidden among dense shrubs or vegetation. These nests are woven using grass, moss, and plant fibers, providing a secure space for the female to lay her clutch of four to five eggs. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional ten to twelve days before the fledglings leave the nest.
31. Blackburnian Warbler
The Blackburnian Warbler graces Michigan during its migration period, making temporary stopovers in the state. These stunning warblers can be observed in the state from late April to early May and again from late August to early September.
Blackburnian Warblers exhibit a vibrant appearance, with the males displaying a fiery orange throat and upperparts and contrasting black and white patterns on their wings. Females showcase a more subdued plumage with a yellowish hue.
Setophaga fusca
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.1-7.9 in (18-20 cm)
The Blackburnian Warbler breeds in the boreal forests of Canada and spends its winters in northern South America.
During migration, these warblers can be found in various habitats, including coniferous forests and mixed woodlands. They actively forage for insects and other invertebrates among foliage and tree branches.
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC603237. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/603237.
Nests of the Blackburnian Warbler are typically constructed on or near the end of a branch in a coniferous tree, often positioned high above the ground. These nests are woven using twigs, grass, and plant fibers, providing a secure space for the female to lay her clutch of three to five eggs. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional ten to twelve days before the fledglings leave the nest.
32. Chestnut-sided Warbler
The Chestnut-sided Warbler adds its delightful presence to the Michigan landscape during its migration period. These charming warblers can be observed in the state from late April to early May and again from late August to early September.
Chestnut-sided Warblers exhibit a
distinctive appearance, with their bright yellow underparts, chestnut-colored sides, and a contrasting grayish head.
Setophaga pensylvanica
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (11-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-8.7 in (20-22 cm)
The Chestnut-sided Warbler breeds in eastern parts of North America and spends its winters in Central America and northern South America.
During migration, these warblers can be found in various habitats, including deciduous forests, woodlands, and shrubby areas. They actively forage for insects and other invertebrates among foliage and tree branches.
Credit: Ian Cruickshank, XC422116. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/422116.
Nests of the Chestnut-sided Warbler are typically constructed in low shrubs or small trees, positioned near the ground. These nests are woven using grass, bark, and plant fibers, providing a secure space for the female to lay her clutch of three to five eggs. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional ten to twelve days before the fledglings leave the nest.
33. Townsend’s Warbler
The Townsend’s Warbler serves as a temporary visitor in Michigan during its migratory passages. These striking warblers can be observed in the state from late April to early May and again from late August to early September.
Townsend’s Warblers exhibit a vibrant appearance, with their bright yellow underparts, olive-green upperparts, and contrasting black streaks. Males possess a distinct black cap, while females showcase a lighter crown.
Setophaga townsendi
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm)
The Townsend’s Warbler breeds in western parts of North America and spends its winters in Mexico and Central America.
During migration, these warblers can be found in various habitats, including coniferous forests and mixed woodlands. They actively forage for insects and other invertebrates among foliage and tree branches.
Credit: Greg Irving, XC610167. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/610167.
Nests of the Townsend’s Warbler are typically constructed in coniferous trees, often positioned high above the ground. These nests are woven using twigs, grass, and plant fibers, providing a secure space for the female to lay her clutch of three to five eggs. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional ten to twelve days before the fledglings leave the nest.
34. Cerulean Warbler
The Cerulean Warbler graces Michigan during its migration period, making temporary stopovers in the state. These captivating warblers can be observed in the state from late April to early May and again from late August to early September.
Cerulean Warblers exhibit a distinctive appearance, with the males displaying a bright blue upperparts and contrasting white underparts. Females showcase a more subdued plumage with a bluish-green coloration.
Setophaga cerulea
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.1-7.9 in (18-20 cm)
The Cerulean Warbler breeds in eastern parts of North America and spends its winters in northern South America.
During migration, these warblers can be found in various habitats,
including deciduous forests, woodlands, and riparian areas. They actively forage for insects and other invertebrates among foliage and tree branches.
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC171017. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/171017.
Nests of the Cerulean Warbler are typically constructed on the branches of deciduous trees, often positioned high above the ground. These nests are woven using grass, bark, and plant fibers, providing a secure space for the female to lay her clutch of three to five eggs. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional ten to twelve days before the fledglings leave the nest.
35. Prothonotary Warbler
The Prothonotary Warbler adds its enchanting presence to the Michigan landscape during its migration period. These charismatic warblers can be observed in the state from late April to early May and again from late August to early September.
Prothonotary Warblers exhibit a vibrant appearance, with their bright yellow underparts and contrasting blue-gray wings. Males possess a distinct orange-yellow crown, while females showcase a lighter coloration.
Protonotaria citrea
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (11-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-8.7 in (20-22 cm)
The Prothonotary Warbler breeds in eastern parts of North America and spends its winters in Central America and northern South America.
During migration, these warblers can be found in various habitats, including wetlands, swamps, and forested areas near water. They actively forage for insects and other invertebrates among foliage and tree branches.
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC439832. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/439832.
Nests of the Prothonotary Warbler are typically constructed in tree cavities or nest boxes near water, often positioned at a height above the ground. These nests are woven using plant fibers, moss, and feathers, providing a secure space for the female to lay her clutch of four to seven eggs. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional ten to twelve days before the fledglings leave the nest.
36. Hooded Warbler
The Hooded Warbler graces Michigan during its migration period, making temporary stopovers in the state. These striking warblers can be observed in the state from late April to early May and again from late August to early September.
Hooded Warblers exhibit a distinctive appearance, with the males displaying a vibrant yellow face and underparts and a black hood. Females showcase a more subdued plumage with a lighter yellow coloration.
Setophaga citrina
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (11-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-8.7 in (20-22 cm)
The Hooded Warbler breeds in eastern parts of North America and spends its winters in Central America and northern South America.
During migration, these warblers can be found in various habitats, including deciduous forests, woodlands, and thickets. They actively forage for insects and other invertebrates among foliage and tree branches.
Credit: Bob McGuire, XC358034. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/358034.
Nests of the Hooded Warbler are typically constructed on or near the ground, often hidden among dense shrubs or vegetation. These nests are woven using grass, bark, and plant fibers, providing a secure space for the female to lay her clutch of three to five
eggs. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional ten to twelve days before the fledglings leave the nest.
37. Swainson’s Warbler
The Swainson’s Warbler serves as a rare visitor in Michigan during its migratory passages. These elusive warblers can be observed in the state from late April to early May and again from late August to early September.
Swainson’s Warblers exhibit a predominantly brown coloration, with a slight reddish tinge on their wings and tail. They possess a long, curved bill and a distinctive white eye-ring.
Limnothlypis swainsonii
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (11-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-8.7 in (20-22 cm)
The Swainson’s Warbler breeds in the southeastern parts of the United States and spends its winters in Central America and northern South America.
During migration, these warblers can be found in various habitats, including dense, swampy forests and thickets. They forage actively for insects and other invertebrates on the ground and low vegetation.
Credit: Brian E. Small, XC449129. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/449129.
Nests of the Swainson’s Warbler are typically constructed on the ground, often hidden among leaf litter or vegetation. These nests are woven using leaves, grass, and plant fibers, providing a secure space for the female to lay her clutch of three to five eggs. The incubation period lasts for approximately two weeks, followed by an additional ten to twelve days before the fledglings leave the nest.
These are the 37 species of warblers that can be found in Michigan. Each of these warblers contributes to the diverse avian tapestry of the state during their migration periods, adding their unique colors and songs to the natural beauty of Michigan’s landscapes.
What Are the Sounds of Warblers?
The melodious tunes of warblers often reach your ears before your eyes catch a glimpse of them. Familiarizing yourself with a few of their songs can aid in identifying these avian creatures. Fortunately, some warblers possess more distinct melodies than others.
Warblers’ songs encompass a variety of characteristics, ranging from buzzy to clear and trilling. They can ascend or descend in pitch, featuring an amalgamation of different sounds. A buzzy note evokes the likeness of an insect, while a clear note resembles a whistle. Trills, on the other hand, are executed with such rapidity that the individual notes become indiscernible.
For all the warblers mentioned in this guide, you can listen to their songs. To facilitate recognition, consult this compilation of 13 easily identifiable warbler songs.
Warblers with Buzzy Songs:
– The Black-throated Blue Warbler’s song exhibits a rising and buzzy quality.
– Prairie Warblers also emit buzzy sounds that ascend.
– Black-throated Green Warblers produce buzzy melodies with a couple of clear notes intermingled.
– The Blackpoll Warbler’s song possesses clarity and steadiness but echoes the buzzing of an insect.
– Prairie Warblers’ songs are buzzy and rise in pitch.
– The Palm Warbler’s song is characterized by a buzzy tone.
Warblers with Songs Featuring Clear Notes:
– The Common Yellowthroat’s song consists of a sequence of rising and falling notes that repeat.
– Ovenbirds melodize a series of ascending and descending notes.
– Hooded Warblers also showcase clear notes in their songs.
– Chestnut-sided Warblers produce a series of clear, falling notes that accelerate toward the end.
– Yellow-rumped Warblers vocalize a series of clear notes that gradually fade away.
– The song of Yellow Warblers quickens in tempo.
– Northern Parulas perform a trill that ascends and concludes with a distinct note, akin to a concluding punctuation mark.
– Wilson’s Warblers emit a series of clear, falling notes that accelerate.
The Frequency of Warbler Sightings in Michigan during Summer and Winter
Checklists provide valuable insights into the prevalence of bird species within a given state. These lists reveal the warblers most frequently documented on ebird checklists during the summer and winter seasons in Michigan.
Summer Warblers in Michigan:
– Yellow Warbler: 30.9%
– Common Yellowthroat: 27.4%
– American Redstart: 17.7%
– Yellow-rumped Warbler: 14.3%
– Ovenbird: 11.8%
– Nashville Warbler: 10.4%
– Black-throated Green Warbler: 9.9%
– Black-and-white Warbler: 8.0%
– Palm Warbler: 7.3%
– Chestnut-sided Warbler: 7.1%
– Pine Warbler: 6.2%
– Magnolia Warbler: 5.6%
– Northern Parula: 5.3%
– Blackburnian Warbler: 4.7%
– Tennessee Warbler: 4.1%
– Blue-winged Warbler: 3.9%
– Black-throated Blue Warbler: 3.5%
– Northern Waterthrush: 3.2%
– Cape May Warbler: 2.4%
– Wilson’s Warbler: 2.3%
– Blackpoll Warbler: 2.2%
– Bay-breasted Warbler: 2.0%
– Mourning Warbler: 2.0%
– Canada Warbler: 1.9%
– Hooded Warbler: 1.6%
– Orange-crowned Warbler: 1.2%
– Cerulean Warbler: 1.2%
– Golden-winged Warbler: 1.2%
– Kirtland’s Warbler: 1.1%
– Prothonotary Warbler: 1.0%
– Louisiana Waterthrush: 0.4%
– Yellow-breasted Chat: 0.3%
– Prairie Warbler: 0.3%
– Connecticut Warbler: 0.2%
– Yellow-throated Warbler: 0.2%
– Kentucky Warbler: 0.1%
– Worm-eating Warbler: 0.1%
Winter Warblers in Michigan:
– Yellow-rumped Warbler: 0.3%
– Pine Warbler: <0.1%
– Common Yellowthroat: <0.1%
– Orange-crowned Warbler: <0.1%
– Yellow-throated Warbler: <0.1%
– Palm Warbler: <0.1%
– Wilson’s Warbler: <0.1%
– Nashville Warbler: <0.1%
– Northern Waterthrush: <0.1%
– Northern Parula: <0.1%
– Cape May Warbler: <0.1%
– Yellow Warbler: <0.1%
– Ovenbird: <0.1%
– Black-throated Blue Warbler: <0.1%
– Yellow-breasted Chat: <0.1%
– American Redstart: <0.1%
– Black-throated Green Warbler: <0.1%
– Mourning Warbler: <0.1%
Methods to Attract Warblers to Your Backyard
While warblers may not frequent backyard feeders as often as other songbirds, there are ways to entice these melodious creatures to grace your yard:
– If your yard permits, provide ample trees.
– Foster an environment that embraces untidiness, leaving brush piles to create habitats for insects, the avian friends of warblers.
– Refrain from using pesticides or herbicides to ensure an abundant insect population without the risk of birds ingesting harmful substances.
– Offer a clean water source.
– Provide mealworms, preferably live ones, or dried ones as an alternative.
– Place bird feeders stocked with sunflower seeds, peanut hearts, and suet.