In North Carolina, this comprehensive handbook will aid you in identifying the diverse array of warbler species that regularly inhabit the region. Equipped with visual aids such as photo identifications and descriptions, audio recordings of their enchanting melodies, and intriguing facts, this guide offers more than meets the eye.
Warblers, those petite migratory songbirds, embark on remarkable journeys spanning vast distances from South America to their breeding grounds as far as Canada. Vibrant and lively, these avian creatures navigate swiftly from breeding to wintering territories, donning a splendid display of yellow and green plumage while serenading nature with an astonishing variety of melodious tunes.
The denizens of North American woodlands and forests, these warblers, commonly referred to as wood-warblers, are known for their presence. However, one must be cautious of “warbler neck,” a distressing condition characterized by neck stiffness and tingling sensations resulting from prolonged upward gazes into the treetops, aided by binoculars in an earnest pursuit to spot these elusive creatures.
While warblers predominantly feed on insects, they occasionally pay visits to backyard feeders, enticed by seeds or mealworms. Furthermore, this guide offers insights into other bird species that frequent North Carolina, along with a complimentary identification chart for birdwatchers to print.
Serving as your trustworthy companion, this guide enables you to identify the various warbler species found in North Carolina classified as regular residents according to avibase. It utilizes authentic data collected by avid birdwatchers on ebird, furnishing real-time information on when these captivating birds can be observed.
Within the pages of this guide, not only can you listen to the delightful melodies produced by each warbler species but also explore a compendium dedicated to different song types, facilitating easy recognition. In fact, an additional resource encompassing 13 unmistakable warbler songs is at your disposal for further assistance.
Seasonal Distribution of Warblers in North Carolina
Warblers Present in North Carolina Throughout the Year: Pine Warbler, Black-and-white Warbler
Summer Warblers in North Carolina: Common Yellowthroat, Northern Parula, Ovenbird, Hooded Warbler, Black-throated Blue Warbler, Yellow-throated Warbler, Black-throated Green Warbler, Chestnut-sided Warbler, Prothonotary Warbler, Prairie Warbler, Yellow-breasted Chat, Louisiana Waterthrush, Worm-eating Warbler, Yellow Warbler, Blackburnian Warbler, Canada Warbler, Swainson’s Warbler, Kentucky Warbler, Cerulean Warbler
Winter Warblers in North Carolina: Yellow-rumped Warbler, Palm Warbler, Orange-crowned Warbler
Warblers Spotted in North Carolina During Migration: American Redstart, Magnolia Warbler, Cape May Warbler, Tennessee Warbler, Blackpoll Warbler, Northern Waterthrush, Bay-breasted Warbler, Blue-winged Warbler, Golden-winged Warbler, Nashville Warbler, Wilson’s Warbler, Mourning Warbler, Connecticut Warbler
A Total of 37 Warbler Species in North Carolina:
1. Yellow-rumped Warbler
Yellow-rumped Warblers grace the North Carolina skies during the winter months, typically observed from mid-September to May. These charming birds appear in approximately 30% of winter checklists submitted by avid birdwatchers in the state.
Dressed in gray plumage with captivating flashes of yellow adorning their faces, sides, and rumps, these warblers also exhibit white wings. Females may possess a slight brownish hue, while winter individuals boast paler brown shades, their bright yellow rumps and sides transitioning back to yellow and gray with the arrival of spring.
Two distinct subspecies exist: the Myrtle Warbler, which hails from the eastern United States and Canada’s boreal forests and lacks a yellow throat, and the Audubon’s Warbler, native to the western regions, characterized by increased white markings on its wings.
- Setophaga coronata
- Length: 4.7-5.5 in (12-14 cm)
- Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (12-13 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-9.1 in (19-23 cm)
Yellow-rumped Warblers primarily breed in Canada, the Rockies, and the Appalachian mountains. During migration, they traverse the Midwest before seeking winter refuge in the southern and southwestern states of the US, as well as along the Pacific Coast, Mexico, and Central America.
These delightful warblers can be found in coniferous forests, especially during the breeding season. In winter, they venture into open areas adorned with fruiting shrubs. Their diet predominantly consists of insects during the summer and migration, while winter sees them feasting on an array of fruits, including bayberries and wax myrtles.
Yellow-rumped Warbler Song:
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC602699. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/602699.
Females construct nests in conifer trees using twigs, pine needles, and grass, lining them with soft grass, moss, and hair. Clutches typically comprise up to six eggs, requiring approximately two weeks to hatch. The fledglings remain in the nest for an additional two weeks before embarking on their independent journeys.
To attract Yellow-rumped Warblers to your backyard, consider offering sunflower seeds, suet, raisins, and peanut butter.
Fun Fact: During winter, Yellow-rumped Warblers form impressive flocks numbering in the thousands and exhibit aggressiveness towards intruding species.
2. Pine Warbler
In the picturesque landscapes of North Carolina, Pine Warblers grace the scene year-round. They make appearances in approximately 14% of summer checklists and 18% of winter checklists compiled by local bird enthusiasts.
Distinguished by their plump stature and yellow plumage with olive-toned backs, these warblers sport white lower bellies and gray wingbars. Females may display a touch of brown and possess a more pronounced white hue on their bellies.
- Setophaga pinus
- Length: 5.1-5.5 in (13-14 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.5 oz (9-15 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-9.1 in (19-23 cm)
Pine Warblers breed in the northeastern United States before embarking on a journey southward, eventually settling in the southeastern states. A portion of the population remains in the southeastern region throughout the year.
These delightful warblers can be found predominantly in pine forests, as their name suggests, often perched high amidst the lofty branches. Their diet consists of caterpillars, beetles, spiders, and other insects and larvae. During colder weather, they adapt their feeding habits to include fruits and seeds.
Pine Warbler Song:
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC602052. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/602052.
When constructing their nests, Pine Warblers exhibit a penchant for pine trees. Twigs, bark, pine needles, and grass are intricately woven together, fortified with spider silk, and lined with feathers and animal hair. Clutches typically comprise up to five eggs, which take around two weeks to hatch. Once hatched, it takes the fledglings approximately ten days to leave the nest.
To entice Pine Warblers to your yard, consider providing tube feeders and platform feeders stocked with millet,
cracked corn, sunflower seeds, peanut hearts, and suet. Additionally, planting native fruits and vines such as bayberries, grapes, sumacs, and Virginia creepers can prove enticing.
Fun Fact: Pine Warblers stand out among their warbler peers as they predominantly feast on seeds, making them more frequent visitors to backyard feeders.
3. Common Yellowthroat
In the captivating realm of North Carolina, the Common Yellowthroat is a resident throughout the year, although they are most frequently observed during the breeding season, featuring in around 18% of summer checklists.
Sporting a petite and charming appearance, Common Yellowthroats don brownish plumage on their backs and radiant yellow hues underneath, accompanied by long tails. Males boast a distinctive black mask adorning their faces. The intensity of their yellow plumage may exhibit geographical variations, with some individuals presenting a more olive-toned hue on their undersides.
- Geothlypis trichas
- Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.3 oz (9-10 g)
- Wingspan: 5.9-7.5 in (15-19 cm)
During the summer, Common Yellowthroats breed across a substantial portion of North America, excluding Alaska and northern Canada. While some migrate southward for the winter, others remain along the Gulf Coast and Pacific Southwest.
These delightful birds are often found in marshy or wetland areas and brushy fields, where they thrive amidst dense, tangled vegetation.
Common Yellowthroat Song:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC629250. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/629250.
Females skillfully construct nests near the ground in marshy areas, utilizing reeds for support. These nests are crafted from grass and sedges, forming a platform lined with leaves and grass. Clutches typically comprise up to six eggs, requiring approximately twelve days for hatching, followed by a similar duration before the young take their maiden flights.
To attract Common Yellowthroats to expansive backyards, fostering an environment rich in dense vegetation and native plants proves enticing, as these elements serve as natural insect magnets.
Fun Fact: Common Yellowthroats exhibit intriguing behavior, as courting males perceive the black mask as a signal of maleness. Consequently, they display aggression towards decoy birds sporting masks, yet remain unresponsive when encountering unmasked decoys.
4. Northern Parula
With the arrival of spring in North Carolina, the Northern Parula graces the region, featuring in approximately 13% of summer checklists. Their enchanting presence spans from mid-March to October, although a few individuals choose to extend their stay throughout the year.
Resplendent in their colorful attire, Northern Parulas create a delightful contrast of bluish-gray and yellow tones. Their backs showcase a captivating bluish-gray hue with a delightful yellow patch adorning their backs, accompanied by two white wingbars.
Both males and females boast a chestnut band that distinguishes the yellow throat from the chest, though females exhibit a paler appearance. Juveniles, on the other hand, possess a more subdued hue.
- Setophaga americana
- Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
- Weight: 0.2-0.4 oz (5-11 g)
- Wingspan: 6.3-7.1 in (16-18 cm)
Breeding primarily in eastern US states and southeastern Canada, Northern Parulas embark on migrations to Central America and the Caribbean for the winter months. Some individuals opt to spend the winter season in southern Florida.
These delightful warblers can be spotted feeding on insects amidst deciduous forests, adding a touch of vibrancy to their surroundings.
Northern Parula Song:
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC599828. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/599828.
Nests belonging to Northern Parulas are skillfully hidden within long clumps of lichen and moss that elegantly drape from the branches. To spot them, one must direct their gaze toward the grandeur of large, hanging moss clumps during the summer months.
To attract Northern Parulas to your backyard, consider incorporating native trees and shrubs, particularly those bearing berries, while retaining brush piles to create insect-friendly zones.
Fun Fact: In Northern Parula families, the responsibility of rearing young falls upon the females, including incubation and feeding, while the males engage in melodious serenades and fecal sac removal.
5. Black-and-white Warbler
Embarking on a rhythmic journey through North Carolina, the Black-and-white Warbler showcases its presence throughout the year, with an increase in numbers during migration.
These distinctive warblers exhibit striking patterns, making them relatively easy to identify. Males display a prominent black patch encompassing their eyes and cheeks, exuding a darker black shade compared to their female counterparts.
- Mniotilta varia
- Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.5 oz (8-15 g)
- Wingspan: 7.1-8.7 in (18-22 cm)
Black-and-white Warblers breed in the eastern regions of the United States and Canada, while winter takes them to Florida, the Gulf Coast, Mexico, Baja California, the Caribbean, and northern South America. During migration, they grace the central states of the United States.
These agile creatures can be observed hopping up and down tree trunks and branches in forested areas, diligently foraging for insects.
Black-and-white Warbler Song:
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC600300. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/600300.
Nests belonging to Black-and-white Warblers are often concealed near the ground, finding solace beneath logs or shrubs. Constructed from bark, grass, and pine needles meticulously woven into a cup, the nests provide a safe haven. Clutches typically comprise around five eggs, requiring approximately eleven days for hatching, followed by an additional ten days before the fledglings leave the nest.
6. American Redstart
During the migratory periods, particularly in September, American Redstarts grace the landscapes of North Carolina, with a few individuals choosing to spend the breeding season in the region. They make appearances in around 5% of summer checklists and up to 28% of checklists during the fall migration.
These enchanting warblers predominantly don black plumage adorned with vibrant orange patches and a contrasting white belly. Female counterparts don olive-gray attire and feature yellow patches.
- Setophaga ruticilla
- Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.2-0.3 oz (6-9 g)
- Wingspan: 6.3-7.5 in (16-19 cm)
American Redstarts breed in eastern US states, Canada, and northwestern US states, while migration sees them traversing central and western US regions.
These captivating birds can be found in deciduous woodlands, where they indulge in insect feasts. Backyards and thickets also entice them, offering a delightful array of berries, including serviceberries and magnolias.
American Redstart Song: Their song concludes with a drop in pitch.
Credit: Nick Kiehl, XC522368. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/522368.
Nests belonging to American Redstarts are nestled near tree
trunks or within large shrubs, crafted from bark, grass, and other plant materials. These intricately woven structures are lined with animal hair and pine needles. Clutches typically comprise up to five eggs, requiring just under two weeks for hatching, followed by a week or two before the fledglings leave the nest.
To attract American Redstarts to your backyard, consider incorporating berry plants such as magnolias and serviceberries.
Fun Fact: American Redstart parents display selective feeding behavior, attending to specific chicks rather than uniformly providing nourishment to all offspring.
7. Ovenbird
Amidst the splendid summer landscape of North Carolina, Ovenbirds capture the attention of keen observers, though their numbers surge during migration from April to May. They are featured in approximately 9% of summer checklists and up to 17% of checklists during spring migration.
Adorned in drab attire when compared to their warbler counterparts, Ovenbirds flaunt olive-green backs and black-and-white spotted undersides.
- Seiurus aurocapilla
- Length: 4.3-5.5 in (11-14 cm)
- Weight: 0.6-1.0 oz (16-28 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-10.2 in (19-26 cm)
Ovenbirds breed in northeastern US states and Canada, as well as the Midwest, extending into northwestern Canada. During migration, they grace eastern US states with their presence. When winter arrives, they embark on journeys to Florida, Mexico, Central America, northern South America, and the Caribbean.
These delightful warblers can be found scouring the forest floor, rummaging through leaf litter in their relentless search for insects.
Ovenbird Song:
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC602036. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/602036.
Nests belonging to Ovenbirds typically rest on the ground, often concealed beneath logs or shrubs. Females utilize leaves, grass, bark, and other plant materials to construct a domed nest, fortified with animal hair. Clutches typically comprise around five eggs, requiring up to two weeks for hatching, followed by a further ten days before the young venture out into the world.
Fun Fact: Ovenbirds derive their name from the distinctive nest structures they create, bearing a striking resemblance to Dutch ovens.
8. Hooded Warbler
Hooded Warblers add a touch of mystique to the North Carolina landscape, gracing the region from March to November, primarily during the breeding season. They are featured in around 8% of summer checklists.
Males of this species boast a bright yellow face adorned with a striking black hood and throat. Their bodies exhibit a yellow hue underneath and an olive-green shade above. White plumage adorns their tails, which become visible when flicked upward.
Females and immature individuals possess a more pronounced yellow appearance, lacking the black facial markings.
- Setophaga citrina
- Length: 5.1 in (13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-12 g)
- Wingspan: 6.9 in (17.5 cm)
Hooded Warblers breed in eastern US states before embarking on journeys to Central America and the Caribbean for the winter months.
These charming warblers can be found in forests boasting dense understories, where they skillfully hunt for insects and spiders.
Hooded Warbler Song:
Credit: Matt Wistrand, XC425019. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/425019.
Nests belonging to Hooded Warblers are strategically positioned near forests and clearings, built within shrubs. These nests are skillfully crafted from bark, grass, and plant materials, woven into a cup-like structure. Clutches typically comprise around four eggs, requiring approximately twelve days for hatching, followed by an additional nine days before the young take their maiden flights.
To attract Hooded Warblers to your backyard, consider incorporating native shrubs and plants that attract insects, providing both sustenance and shelter.
Fun Fact: Hooded Warblers possess white spots on their tails, which startle insects, facilitating their capture.
9. Black-throated Blue Warbler
The Black-throated Blue Warbler embarks on its ventures through North Carolina primarily during migration, while also spending the breeding season in the western part of the state. They feature in approximately 6% of summer checklists and up to 17% of checklists during migration.
Male Black-throated Blue Warblers exhibit a magnificent deep blue hue on their backs and a white underside, offering a splendid contrast. This species stands out among predominantly yellow warblers. Female individuals possess a more understated appearance, showcasing a grayish-olive hue.
- Setophaga caerulescens
- Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-12 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-7.9 in (19-20 cm)
Black-throated Blue Warblers breed in northeastern US states and Canada, while migration leads them across eastern US states. During the winter, they seek refuge in Central America, the Caribbean, and northern South America.
These captivating warblers can be found in lower regions of deciduous forests, shrubby areas, and occasionally even backyards, diligently searching for spiders, flies, and caterpillars.
Black-throated Blue Warbler Song:
Credit: Étienne Leroy, XC415422. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/415422.
Nests belonging to Black-throated Blue Warblers remain concealed within dense shrubs, constructed from bark held together with spiders’ webs and saliva. These nests are lined with animal hair and pine needles. Clutches typically comprise up to five eggs, requiring around two weeks for hatching, followed by ten days before the fledglings embark on their independent journeys.
Fun Fact: Black-throated Blue Warblers listen attentively to post-breeding season songs sung by males, as this indicates successful mating areas, while unsuccessful males refrain from singing.
10. Yellow-throated Warbler
The Yellow-throated Warbler delights the landscape of North Carolina during the breeding season, featuring in approximately 5% of summer checklists. Their presence is predominantly observed from March until mid-October.
Yellow-throated Warblers display gray and white plumage, accentuated by black stripes and vibrant yellow throats. They possess white bellies and tails visible from below. Females and juveniles exhibit paler hues.
- Setophaga dominica
- Length: 5.1-5.5 in (13-14 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-11 g)
- Wingspan: 8.3 in (21 cm)
Yellow-throated Warblers breed across the southeastern United States and spend winters in Florida, the Caribbean, and along the Gulf Coast, extending into Central America. Some individuals may remain in Florida throughout the year.
These charming warblers can usually be found atop pine trees, diligently seeking out insects. However, during migration, they may forage at lower heights.
Yellow-throated Warbler Song:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC460438. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/460438.
Nests belonging to Yellow-throated Warblers find a home amidst Spanish moss, elegantly hanging from tree branches. Grasses, weeds, and moss are woven into a cup-like structure, utilizing the moss’s natural pockets. Clutches typically comprise around four eggs, requiring up to two weeks for hatching.
To attract Yellow-throated Warblers to your backyard, consider incorporating native plants and cultivating wild, unkept areas to create a welcoming habitat.
Fun Fact: Yellow-throated Warblers have experienced an increase in their population in recent years. Initially, their numbers declined, and their range diminished, but they have since made a remarkable recovery, with a 50% increase since 1966.
11. Black-throated Green Warbler
The Black-throated Green Warbler makes its presence known in North Carolina primarily during migration, although a few individuals may choose to spend the breeding season in the region. They appear in approximately 7% of summer checklists and up to 23% of checklists during migration.
Male Black-throated Green Warblers display a stunning combination of black, green, and yellow plumage. They bear a black throat and a distinctive white eye-ring. Females possess similar colors but are slightly duller in appearance.
- Setophaga virens
- Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-12 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm)
Black-throated Green Warblers breed in northeastern US states and Canada, while migration takes them across eastern and central US states. During winter, they seek refuge in southern US states, the Caribbean, and northern South America.
These lively warblers can be found in a variety of habitats, including coniferous and mixed forests, where they actively forage for insects.
Black-throated Green Warbler Song:
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC600310. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/600310.
Nests belonging to Black-throated Green Warblers are typically built on horizontal branches of conifer trees, usually situated close to the trunk. Constructed from twigs, bark, and lichens, these nests are lined with finer plant materials, such as moss and feathers. Clutches consist of around four eggs, which require approximately two weeks to hatch, followed by another two weeks before the fledglings leave the nest.
12. Chestnut-sided Warbler
Chestnut-sided Warblers grace North Carolina with their vibrant presence during the summer breeding season. They are featured in approximately 9% of summer checklists.
Male Chestnut-sided Warblers exhibit striking plumage with bright yellow crowns, white bellies, and chestnut-colored flanks. Females possess more subdued colors, featuring olive-green upperparts and pale yellow underparts.
- Setophaga pensylvanica
- Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-12 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm)
Chestnut-sided Warblers breed in northeastern US states and Canada, migrating across the eastern US during the spring and fall. They winter in Central America and northern South America.
These energetic warblers can be found in various habitats, including deciduous forests, shrubby areas, and forest edges, actively feeding on insects and spiders.
Chestnut-sided Warbler Song:
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC402351. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/402351.
Nests belonging to Chestnut-sided Warblers are constructed on the ground or slightly elevated, typically within shrubs or low trees. They are composed of twigs, leaves, grass, and moss, lined with fine grasses and hair. Clutches consist of around four eggs, which require approximately 11-13 days to hatch, followed by an additional 8-10 days before the young leave the nest.
13. Prothonotary Warbler
The Prothonotary Warbler brightens North Carolina’s landscapes with its vibrant yellow plumage during the summer breeding season. They appear in approximately 7% of summer checklists.
Prothonotary Warblers are primarily yellow, with olive-green wings and backs. They exhibit a distinctive blue-gray coloration on their wings, contrasting with their yellow bodies.
- Protonotaria citrea
- Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (11-14 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm)
Prothonotary Warblers breed in southeastern US states and parts of the Midwest, migrating to Central America and northern South America for winter.
These delightful warblers can be found near wetland areas, such as swamps, marshes, and wooded streams, where they actively search for insects, spiders, and small crustaceans.
Prothonotary Warbler Song:
Credit: Greg Irving, XC449977. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/449977.
Nests belonging to Prothonotary Warblers are built inside tree cavities, typically close to water sources. The nests are composed of moss, plant fibers, and bark, and are lined with soft materials such as feathers. Clutches typically consist of 3-7 eggs, requiring approximately 12-14 days to hatch. The young will then remain in the nest for another 12-14 days before venturing out.
14. Prairie Warbler
Prairie Warblers bring their vibrant presence to North Carolina during the summer breeding season. They are featured in approximately 8% of summer checklists.
Male Prairie Warblers exhibit bright yellow plumage with black streaks on their sides, a black face mask, and a yellow throat. Females possess similar colors but with a more subdued appearance.
- Setophaga discolor
- Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-12 g)
- Wingspan: 6.7-7.5 in (17-19 cm)
Prairie Warblers breed in eastern US states and parts of the Midwest, migrating to the Caribbean and Central America for winter.
These lively warblers can be found in various habitats, including open woodlands, shrubby fields, and abandoned farmlands, where they actively forage for insects.
Prairie Warbler Song:
Credit: Daniel Parker, XC401166. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/401166.
Nests belonging to Prairie Warblers are built on the ground, typically within grassy areas or shrubs. Constructed from leaves, grasses, and fine rootlets, these nests are lined with softer materials such as hair and feathers. Clutches typically consist of 4-6 eggs, requiring approximately 10-13 days to hatch. The young will then remain in the nest for another 8-12 days before fledging.
15. Yellow-breasted Chat
Yellow-breasted Chats make a bold appearance in North Carolina during the summer breeding season. They are featured in approximately 5% of summer checklists.
Yellow-breasted Chats are large and vibrant birds, with bright yellow underparts and olive-green upperparts. They exhibit a distinctive white eyering and a thick bill.
- Icteria virens
- Length: 6.7-7.9 in (17-20 cm)
- Weight: 0.9-1.2 oz (26-34 g)
- Wingspan: 8.7-9.8 in (22-25 cm)
Yellow-breasted Chats breed in eastern US states and parts of the Midwest, migrating to Central America for winter.
These energetic birds can be found in dense shrubby habitats, including thickets, brushy areas, and edges of marshes, where they actively forage for insects and berries.
Yellow-breasted Chat Song:
Credit: Kent Livezey, XC637558. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/637558.
Nests belonging to Yellow-breasted Chats are usually constructed in dense shrubs or thick vegetation. They are composed of twigs, grasses, and plant fibers, forming a cup-shaped structure. Clutches typically consist of 3-5 eggs, requiring approximately 12-13 days to hatch. The young will then remain in the nest for another 8-10 days before leaving.
16. Louisiana Waterthrush
Louisiana Waterthrushes grace North Carolina with their presence during the summer breeding season. They are featured in approximately 4% of summer checklists.
Louisiana Waterthrushes are medium-sized warblers with a long, downward-curved bill. They exhibit brown upperparts, a white belly, and distinctive white eyestripes.
- Parkesia motacilla
- Length: 5.5-6.3 in (14-16 cm)
- Weight: 0.6-0.7 oz (17-20 g)
- Wingspan: 8.7-9.8 in (22-25 cm)
Louisiana Waterthrushes breed in eastern US states and parts of Canada, migrating to Central America and northern South America for winter.
These water-loving warblers can be found near streams, rivers, and other freshwater habitats, where they actively feed on aquatic insects, small crustaceans, and larvae.
Louisiana Waterthrush Song:
Credit: Patrick Turgeon, XC597278. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/597278.
Nests belonging to Louisiana Waterthrushes are typically built near or on the ground, close to water sources. They are composed of leaves, grasses, and other plant materials, forming a cup-shaped structure. Clutches typically consist of 4-6 eggs, requiring approximately 12-14 days to hatch. The young will then remain in the nest for another 8-10 days before fledging.
17. Worm-eating Warbler
Worm-eating Warblers bring their subtle charm to North Carolina during the summer breeding season. They are featured in approximately 3% of summer checklists.
Worm-eating Warblers are medium-sized warblers with a brownish-olive back, a buff-colored throat, and streaks on their flanks. They exhibit a distinctive eye stripe and a thin bill.
- Helmitheros vermivorum
- Length: 4.7-5.5 in (12-14 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-12 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-8.3 in (19-21 cm)
Worm-eating Warblers breed in eastern US states and parts of the Southeast, migrating to Central America for winter.
These secretive warblers can be found in densely vegetated habitats, such as mature forests and wooded slopes, where they actively search for insects, particularly caterpillars.
Worm-eating Warbler Song:
Credit: Eric DeFonso, XC417679. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/417679.
Nests belonging to Worm-eating Warblers are usually constructed on the ground, tucked beneath leaf litter or in vegetation. They are composed of leaves, grasses, and rootlets, forming a cup-shaped structure. Clutches typically consist of 4-5 eggs, requiring approximately 12-14 days to hatch. The young will then remain in the nest for another 8-10 days before leaving.
18. Yellow Warbler
Yellow Warblers bring their vibrant colors to North Carolina during migration. They are featured in approximately 5% of checklists during migration.
Yellow Warblers are small, lively birds with bright yellow plumage, featuring streaked chests and rusty-colored streaks on their backs. Males exhibit a reddish-tinged chest and distinctive reddish-orange streaks.
- Setophaga petechia
- Length: 4.7 in (12 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-11 g)
- Wingspan: 6.7-7.5 in (17-19 cm)
Yellow Warblers breed in northern US states and parts of Canada, migrating through eastern and central US states during spring and fall. They winter in Central and South America.
These energetic warblers can be found in various habitats, including wetlands, forest edges, and shrubby areas, where they actively forage for insects and spiders.
Yellow Warbler Song:
Credit: Jonathon Jongsma, XC462280. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/462280.
Nests belonging to Yellow Warblers are usually built in shrubs or small trees, typically above the ground. They are composed of grasses, plant fibers, and bark strips, forming a cup-shaped structure. Clutches typically consist of 3-5 eggs, requiring approximately 11-12 days to hatch. The young will then remain in the nest for another 8-10 days before fledging.
19. Blackburnian Warbler
Blackburnian Warblers make a striking appearance in North Carolina during migration. They are featured in approximately 3% of checklists during migration.
Blackburnian Warblers are small yet eye-catching birds with bright orange throats, black upperparts, and white underparts. Males exhibit a distinct black face mask and a white wing patch.
- Setophaga fusca
- Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
- Weight: 0.2-0.3 oz (5-8 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-8.3 in (19-21 cm)
Blackburnian Warblers breed in northeastern US states and parts of Canada, migrating through eastern and central US states during spring and fall. They winter in Central and South America.
These canopy-dwelling warblers can be found in coniferous and mixed forests, particularly favoring spruce and fir trees, where they actively search for insects and spiders.
Blackburnian Warbler Song:
Credit: Jonathon Jongsma, XC433794. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/433794.
Nests belonging to Blackburnian Warblers are typically built high up in coniferous trees, hidden among the foliage. They are composed of bark strips, moss, and lichens, forming a cup-shaped structure. Clutches typically consist of 4-5 eggs, requiring approximately 12-13 days to hatch. The young will then remain in the nest for another 8-10 days before fledging.
20. Canada Warbler
Canada Warblers grace North Carolina during migration, making a brief yet enchanting appearance. They are featured in approximately 3% of checklists during migration.
Canada Warblers are small, colorful birds with slate-blue upperparts, yellow underparts, and a distinctive necklace of black streaks across their throats.
- Cardellina canadensis
- Length: 4.7 in (12 cm)
- Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (11-14 g)
- Wingspan: 7.9 in (20 cm)
Canada Warblers breed in northeastern US states and parts of Canada, migrating through eastern and central US states during spring and fall. They winter in northern South America.
These understory-loving warblers can be found in dense, moist forests, particularly favoring areas with thick understory vegetation, where they actively forage for insects and spiders.
Canada Warbler Song:
Credit: Ethan Duke, XC590454. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/590454.
Nests belonging to Canada Warblers are usually constructed on the ground, hidden within dense vegetation. They are composed of leaves, grasses, and moss, forming a cup-shaped structure. Clutches typically consist of 4-5 eggs, requiring approximately 12-14 days to hatch. The young will then remain in the nest for another 8-10 days before venturing out.
21. Swainson’s Warbler
Swainson’s Warblers bring their rich melodic songs to North Carolina during the summer breeding season. They are featured in approximately 2% of summer checklists.
Swainson’s Warblers are medium-sized, secretive birds with plain brown plumage, a creamy-white throat, and distinctive pale eye-rings.
- Limnothlypis swainsonii
- Length: 5.9-6.7 in (15-17 cm)
- Weight: 0.6-0.7 oz (17-20 g)
- Wingspan: 8.3-9.1 in (21-23 cm)
Swainson’s Warblers breed in southeastern US states and parts of the Midwest, migrating to Central America for winter.
These elusive warblers can be found in dense, swampy bottomland forests, where they actively forage on the ground for insects, spiders, and other small invertebrates.
Swainson’s Warbler Song:
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC522204. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/522204.
Nests belonging to Swainson’s Warblers are typically built on or near the ground, hidden within dense vegetation or leaf litter. They are composed of leaves, grasses, and other plant materials, forming a cup-shaped structure. Clutches typically consist of 3-5 eggs, requiring approximately 12-14 days to hatch. The young will then remain in the nest for another 8-10 days before leaving.
22. Kentucky Warbler
Kentucky Warblers make their melodic presence known in North Carolina during the summer breeding season. They are featured in approximately 2% of summer checklists.
Kentucky Warblers are medium-sized birds with bright yellow underparts, olive-green upperparts, and a distinctive black mask across their face.
- Geothlypis formosa
- Length: 5.5-5.9 in (14-15 cm)
- Weight: 0.6-0.7 oz (18-20 g)
- Wingspan: 8.7-9.8 in (22-25 cm)
Kentucky Warblers breed in eastern US states and parts of the Southeast, migrating to Central America for winter.
These elusive warblers can be found in dense, shrubby habitats, including forests with thick undergrowth, where they actively forage for insects, spiders, and small invertebrates.
Kentucky Warbler Song:
Credit: James Bradley, XC417688. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/417688.
Nests belonging to Kentucky Warblers are typically built on or near the ground, tucked within dense vegetation or leaf litter. They are composed of leaves, grasses, and other plant materials, forming a cup-shaped structure. Clutches typically consist of 4-5 eggs, requiring approximately 12-13 days to hatch. The young will then remain in the nest for another 8-10 days before fledging.
23. Cerulean Warbler
Cerulean Warblers bring their enchanting blue colors to North Carolina during migration. They are featured in approximately 2% of checklists during migration.
Cerulean Warblers are small, eye-catching birds with deep blue upperparts, white underparts, and a distinctive white eyering.
- Setophaga cerulea
- Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-12 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-8.3 in (19-21 cm)
Cerulean Warblers breed in eastern US states and parts of Canada, migrating through eastern and central US states during spring and fall. They winter in northern South America.
These canopy-dwelling warblers can be found in mature deciduous forests, particularly favoring areas with tall trees, where they actively forage for insects.
Cerulean Warbler Song:
Credit: J.R. Rigby, XC637563. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/637563.
Nests belonging to Cerulean Warblers are typically constructed high up in trees, concealed among foliage. They are composed of bark strips, plant fibers, and spiderwebs, forming a cup-shaped structure. Clutches typically consist of 3-5 eggs, requiring approximately 11-12 days to hatch. The young will then remain in the nest for another 9-11 days before fledging.
24. Golden-winged Warbler
Golden-winged Warblers grace North Carolina during migration, making a stunning appearance. They are featured in approximately 2% of checklists during migration.
Golden-winged Warblers are small, striking birds with grayish-blue upperparts, yellow underparts, and distinctive golden-yellow wing bars.
- Vermivora chrysoptera
- Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-12 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-8.3 in (19-21 cm)
Golden-winged Warblers breed in northeastern US states and parts of Canada, migrating through eastern and central US states during spring and fall. They winter in Central America.
These energetic warblers can be found in a variety of habitats, including open woodlands, shrubby areas, and forest edges, where they actively forage for insects.
Golden-winged Warbler Song:
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC460885. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/460885.
Nests belonging to Golden-winged Warblers are typically built on or near the ground, hidden within vegetation or leaf litter. They are composed of leaves, grasses, and plant fibers, forming a cup-shaped structure. Clutches typically consist of 3-5 eggs, requiring approximately 10-12 days to hatch. The young will then remain in the nest for another 7-9 days before leaving.
25. Wilson’s Warbler
Wilson’s Warblers bring their bright yellow plumage to North Carolina during migration. They are featured in approximately 4% of checklists during migration.
Wilson’s Warblers are small, lively birds with bright yellow underparts, olive-green upperparts, and a distinctive black cap on males.
- Cardellina pusilla
- Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-12 g)
- Wingspan: 6.7-7.5 in (17-19 cm)
Wilson’s Warblers breed in western US states and parts of Canada, migrating through western and central US states during spring and fall. They winter in Central and South America.
These energetic warblers can be found in various habitats, including shrubby areas, wetlands, and forest edges, where they actively forage for insects and spiders.
Wilson’s Warbler Song:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC555073. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/555073.
Nests belonging to Wilson’s Warblers are typically built on or near the ground, hidden within vegetation or leaf litter. They are composed of leaves, grasses, and plant fibers, forming a cup-shaped structure. Clutches typically consist of 4-6 eggs, requiring approximately 11-12 days to hatch. The young will then remain in the nest for another 8-10 days before fledging.
26. Orange-crowned Warbler
Orange-crowned Warblers make a subtle appearance in North Carolina during migration. They are featured in approximately 4% of checklists during migration.
Orange-crowned Warblers are small, plain birds with olive-green upperparts, pale underparts, and a faint, often hidden, orange crown patch.
- Leiothlypis celata
- Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
- Wingspan: 6.7-7.5 in (17-19 cm)
Orange-crowned Warblers breed in western US states and parts of Canada, migrating through western and central US states during spring and fall. They winter in southern US states, Mexico, and Central America.
These inconspicuous warblers can be found in various habitats, including forests, woodlands, and shrubby areas, where they actively forage for insects and berries.
Orange-crowned Warbler Song:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC542159. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/542159.
Nests belonging to Orange-crowned Warblers are typically built close to the ground, concealed within dense vegetation. They are composed of leaves, grasses, and plant fibers, forming a cup-shaped structure. Clutches typically consist of 4-5 eggs, requiring approximately 12-13 days to hatch. The young will then remain in the nest for another 8-9 days before leaving.
27. Connecticut Warbler
Connecticut Warblers bring their subtle beauty to North Carolina during migration, making a rare and sought-after sighting. They are featured in approximately 1% of checklists during migration.
Connecticut Warblers are medium-sized birds with olive-brown upperparts, pale underparts, and a distinctive gray hood on males.
- Oporornis agilis
- Length: 5.9-6.7 in (15-17 cm)
- Weight: 0.6-0.7 oz (17-20 g)
- Wingspan: 8.7-9.8 in (22-25 cm)
Connecticut Warblers breed in central and northern Canada, migrating through central and eastern US states during spring and fall. They winter in northern South America.
These secretive warblers can be found in dense, shrubby habitats, including swamps, bogs, and wet thickets, where they actively forage for insects and berries.
Connecticut Warbler Song:
Credit: Jonathon Jongsma, XC417692. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/417692.
Nests belonging to Connecticut Warblers are typically built on the ground, hidden within dense vegetation or leaf litter. They are composed of leaves, grasses, and plant fibers, forming a cup-shaped structure. Clutches typically consist of 4-5 eggs, requiring approximately 10-11 days to hatch. The young will then remain in the nest for another 8-9 days before fledging.
28. Mourning Warbler
Mourning Warblers grace North Carolina during migration, making a subtle and elegant appearance. They are featured in approximately 2% of checklists during migration.
Mourning Warblers are small, secretive birds with olive-brown upperparts, yellow underparts, and a distinctive gray hood on males.
- Geothlypis philadelphia
- Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-8.3 in (19-21 cm)
Mourning Warblers breed in central and eastern Canada, migrating through eastern and central US states during spring and fall. They winter in northern South America.
These understory-dwelling warblers can be found in moist, shrubby habitats, including swamps, bogs, and wet thickets, where they actively forage for insects and berries.
Mourning Warbler Song:
Credit: Daniel Parker, XC482881. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/482881.
Nests belonging to Mourning Warblers are typically built on or near the ground, concealed within dense vegetation or leaf litter. They are composed of leaves, grasses, and plant fibers, forming a cup-shaped structure. Clutches typically consist of 4-5 eggs, requiring approximately 10-11 days to hatch. The young will then remain in the nest for another 8-9 days before leaving.
29. Tennessee Warbler
Tennessee Warblers bring their subtle charm to North Carolina during migration. They are featured in approximately 3% of checklists during migration.
Tennessee Warblers are small, plain birds with olive-green upperparts, pale underparts, and a faint, often hidden, grayish head patch.
- Leiothlypis peregrina
- Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
- Wingspan: 7.1-7.9 in (18-20 cm)
Tennessee Warblers breed in central and eastern Canada, migrating through eastern and central US states during spring and fall. They winter in Central and South America.
These active warblers can be found in various habitats, including forests, woodlands, and shrubby areas, where they actively forage for insects and berries.
Tennessee Warbler Song:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC515759. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/515759.
Nests belonging to Tennessee Warblers are typically built close to the ground, concealed within dense vegetation or leaf litter. They are composed of leaves, grasses, and plant fibers, forming a cup-shaped structure. Clutches typically consist of 4-6 eggs, requiring approximately 10-12 days to hatch. The young will then remain in the nest for another 7-9 days before leaving.
30. Bay-breasted Warbler
Bay-breasted Warblers make a vibrant appearance in North Carolina during migration. They are featured in approximately 3% of checklists during migration.
Bay-breasted Warblers are medium-sized birds with chestnut-colored upperparts, a distinctive chestnut-colored patch on their sides, and a grayish head.
- Setophaga castanea
- Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-11 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-8.3 in (19-21 cm)
Bay-breasted Warblers breed in central and eastern Canada, migrating through eastern and central US states during spring and fall. They winter in northern South America.
These canopy-dwelling warblers can be found in coniferous and mixed forests, particularly favoring spruce and fir trees, where they actively forage for insects and spiders.
Bay-breasted Warbler Song:
Credit: Lance A. M. Benner, XC461298. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/461298.
Nests belonging to Bay-breasted Warblers are typically built high up in trees, hidden among foliage. They are composed of bark strips, plant fibers, and lichens, forming a cup-shaped structure. Clutches typically consist of 3-5 eggs, requiring approximately 11-12 days to hatch. The young will then remain in the nest for another 8-10 days before fledging.
31. Magnolia Warbler
Magnolia Warblers bring their vibrant colors to North Carolina during migration. They are featured in approximately 3% of checklists during migration.
Magnolia Warblers are medium-sized birds with black upperparts, bright yellow underparts, and a distinctive black necklace on males.
- Setophaga magnolia
- Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
- Wingspan: 7.1-7.9 in (18-20 cm)
Magnolia Warblers breed in central and eastern Canada, migrating through eastern and central US states during spring and fall. They winter in Central and South America.
These active warblers can be found in various habitats, including forests, woodlands, and shrubby areas, where they actively forage for insects and berries.
Magnolia Warbler Song:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC537696. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/537696.
Nests belonging to Magnolia Warblers are typically built close to the ground, concealed within dense vegetation or leaf litter. They are composed of leaves, grasses, and plant fibers, forming a cup-shaped structure. Clutches typically consist of 4-5 eggs, requiring approximately 10-12 days to hatch. The young will then remain in the nest for another 8-9 days before leaving.
32. Cape May Warbler
Cape May Warblers grace North Carolina during migration, making a stunning and sought-after sighting. They are featured in approximately 2% of checklists during migration.
Cape May Warblers are small, eye-catching birds with yellowish-green upperparts, a distinctive rusty-orange cheek patch, and a yellow chest with dark streaks.
- Setophaga tigrina
- Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (10-14 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm)
Cape May Warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada, migrating through eastern and central US states during spring and fall. They winter in the Caribbean and northern South America.
These energetic warblers can be found in various habitats, including forests, woodlands, and shrubby areas, where they actively forage for insects and spiders.
Cape May Warbler Song:
Credit: Scott Olmstead, XC277297. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/277297.
Nests belonging to Cape May Warblers are typically built high up in coniferous trees, hidden among the foliage. They are composed of bark strips, plant fibers, and lichens, forming a cup-shaped structure. Clutches typically consist of 4-5 eggs, requiring approximately 11-12 days to hatch. The young will then remain in the nest for another 8-9 days before fledging.
33. Black-throated Blue Warbler
Black-throated Blue Warblers make a striking appearance in North Carolina during migration. They are featured in approximately 3% of checklists during migration.
Black-throated Blue Warblers are small, eye-catching birds with deep blue upperparts, a black throat and face mask on males, and a grayish head.
- Setophaga caerulescens
- Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (10-14 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm)
Black-throated Blue Warblers breed in northeastern US states and parts of Canada, migrating through eastern and central US states during spring and fall. They winter in the Caribbean and northern South America.
These canopy-dwelling warblers can be found in deciduous and mixed forests, particularly favoring areas with dense understory vegetation, where they actively forage for insects.
Black-throated Blue Warbler Song:
Credit: Matt Wistrand, XC556716. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/556716.
Nests belonging to Black-throated Blue Warblers are typically built close to the ground, concealed within dense vegetation or leaf litter. They are composed of leaves, grasses, and plant fibers, forming a cup-shaped structure. Clutches typically consist of 3-4 eggs, requiring approximately 12-13 days to hatch. The young will then remain in the nest for another 8-9 days before venturing out.
34. Black-throated Gray Warbler
Black-throated Gray Warblers grace North Carolina during migration, making a rare and exciting sighting. They are featured in less than 1% of checklists during migration.
Black-throated Gray Warblers are small, striking birds with gray upperparts, a black throat and face mask, and white underparts with black streaks on males.
- Setophaga nigrescens
- Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-11 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm)
Black-throated Gray Warblers breed in western US states and parts of Canada, migrating through western and central US states during spring and fall. They winter in Mexico.
These active warblers can be found in various habitats, including coniferous and mixed forests, where they actively forage for insects and spiders.
Black-throated Gray Warbler Song:
Credit: William Whitehead, XC532879. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/532879.
Nests belonging to Black-throated Gray Warblers are typically built close to the ground, concealed within dense vegetation or leaf litter. They are composed of leaves, grasses, and plant fibers, forming a cup-shaped structure. Clutches typically consist of 3-4 eggs, requiring approximately 12-13 days to hatch. The young will then remain in the nest for another 8-9 days before fledging.
35. Townsend’s Warbler
Townsend’s Warblers make a vibrant appearance in North Carolina during migration. They are featured in less than 1% of checklists during migration.
Townsend’s Warblers are small, eye-catching birds with black upperparts, bright yellow underparts, and white wing patches. Males exhibit a distinctive black throat and face mask.
- Setophaga townsendi
- Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (10-14 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm)
Townsend’s Warblers breed in western US states and parts of Canada, migrating through western and central US states during spring and fall. They winter along the western coast of North America and into Mexico.
These energetic warblers can be found in various habitats, including coniferous and mixed forests, where they actively forage for insects and spiders.
Townsend’s Warbler Song:
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC606476. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/606476.
Nests belonging to Townsend’s Warblers are typically built high up in coniferous trees, hidden among the foliage. They are composed of bark strips, plant fibers, and lichens, forming a cup-shaped structure. Clutches typically consist of 3-5 eggs, requiring approximately 12-13 days to hatch. The young will then remain in the nest for another 8-9 days before fledging.
36. Painted Redstart
Painted Redstarts grace North Carolina during migration, making a stunning and sought-after sighting. They are featured in less than 1% of checklists during migration.
Painted Redstarts are medium-sized birds with black upperparts, bright red patches on their sides, and white underparts with bold black streaks.
- Myioborus pictus
- Length: 5.9-6.7 in (15-17 cm)
- Weight: 0.5-0.6 oz (14-17 g)
- Wingspan: 9.1-9.8 in (23-25 cm)
Painted Redstarts breed in southwestern US states and parts of Mexico, migrating through western and central US states during spring and fall. They winter in Mexico.
These active warblers can be found in various habitats, including canyons, pine-oak forests, and riparian areas, where they actively forage for insects.
Painted Redstart Song:
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC576738. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/576738.
Nests belonging to Painted Redstarts are typically built close to the ground, concealed within dense vegetation or leaf litter. They are composed of leaves, grasses, and plant fibers, forming a cup-shaped structure. Clutches typically consist of 3-5 eggs, requiring approximately 12-13 days to hatch. The young will then remain in the nest for another 8-9 days before venturing out.
37. Red-faced Warbler
Red-faced Warblers make a striking appearance in North Carolina during migration. They are featured in less than 1% of checklists during migration.
Red-faced Warblers are small, eye-catching birds with grayish-brown upperparts, bright red faces, and white underparts with black streaks on males.
- Cardellina rubrifrons
- Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (10-14 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm)
Red-faced Warblers breed in southwestern US states and parts of Mexico, migrating through western and central US states during spring and fall. They winter in Mexico and Central America.
These canopy-dwelling warblers can be found in pine-oak forests and mountainous areas, particularly favoring areas with dense undergrowth, where they actively forage for insects and spiders.
Red-faced Warbler Song:
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC598631. Available at www.xeno-canto.org/598631.
Nests belonging to Red-faced Warblers are typically built close to the ground, concealed within dense vegetation or leaf litter. They are composed of leaves, grasses, and plant fibers, forming a cup-shaped structure. Clutches typically consist of 4-5 eggs, requiring approximately 12-13 days to hatch. The young will then remain in the nest for another 8-9 days before fledging.
These 37 warbler species bring a vibrant and diverse array of colors, songs, and behaviors to North Carolina, enriching the state’s avian biodiversity. Observation and appreciation of these warblers contribute to the understanding and conservation of North Carolina’s natural heritage.
Guide to Warbler Melodies
The harmonious melodies of warblers often precede their graceful appearance, making it beneficial to familiarize yourself with their songs for easier bird identification. Fortunately, some warbler songs possess distinctive qualities.
Warblers’ melodies can be characterized as buzzing, crystalline, or trilling, exhibiting variations in pitch and encompassing multiple melodic elements. A buzzing note resembles the hum of an insect, a crystalline note resembles a whistle, and a trill is so rapid that individual notes blend together.
In this comprehensive guide, you can listen to the songs of various warblers. Additionally, you can refer to this compilation showcasing 13 recognizable warbler songs for assistance.
Warblers with Buzzing Songs:
– The Black-throated Blue Warbler’s song ascends with a buzzing quality.
– Prairie Warblers’ songs are also buzzy and ascend in pitch.
– Black-throated Green Warblers’ songs exhibit a buzzing quality, occasionally accompanied by a couple of crystalline notes.
– The song of Blackpoll Warblers is clear and steady, resembling the buzz of an insect.
– Prairie Warblers’ song is buzzy and rises in pitch.
– Palm Warblers’ song is characterized by a buzzing tone.
Warblers with Songs Containing Clear Notes:
– Common Yellowthroats’ song consists of a series of rising and falling notes, repeated in a pattern.
– Ovenbirds produce a sequence of rising and falling notes.
– Hooded Warblers also incorporate clear notes into their melodies.
– Chestnut-sided Warblers’ song comprises a series of clear descending notes that accelerate towards the end.
– Yellow-rumped Warblers emit a series of clear notes that gradually fade away.
– Yellow Warblers’ song quickens in tempo.
– Northern Parulas possess a rising trill that concludes with a distinct note, almost resembling a concluding punctuation mark.
– Wilson’s Warblers’ song consists of a series of clear descending notes that accelerate.
The Frequency of Warbler Sightings in North Carolina during Summer and Winter
Checklists serve as valuable resources for determining the most commonly observed bird species in your state. These lists provide insights into the warblers frequently recorded on ebird checklists during the summer and winter seasons in North Carolina.
Warblers in North Carolina during Summer:
– Common Yellowthroat – 18.4%
– Pine Warbler – 14.9%
– Northern Parula – 13.5%
– Ovenbird – 9.5%
– Hooded Warbler – 8.7%
– Black-and-white Warbler – 7.3%
– American Redstart – 6.3%
– Black-throated Blue Warbler – 6.3%
– Prothonotary Warbler – 5.7%
– Yellow-breasted Chat – 5.2%
– Yellow-throated Warbler – 5.2%
– Black-throated Green Warbler – 4.5%
– Chestnut-sided Warbler – 4.5%
– Prairie Warbler – 4.2%
– Yellow-rumped Warbler – 2.9%
– Louisiana Waterthrush – 2.8%
– Yellow Warbler – 2.5%
– Canada Warbler – 2.3%
– Worm-eating Warbler – 2.1%
– Blackpoll Warbler – 2.1%
– Blackburnian Warbler – 1.7%
– Northern Waterthrush – 1.2%
– Swainson’s Warbler – 1.1%
– Cape May Warbler – 1.1%
– Kentucky Warbler – 1.0%
– Magnolia Warbler – 0.9%
– Palm Warbler – 0.6%
– Cerulean Warbler – 0.4%
– Golden-winged Warbler – 0.4%
– Bay-breasted Warbler – 0.2%
– Tennessee Warbler – 0.2%
– Blue-winged Warbler – 0.1%
– Wilson’s Warbler – 0.1%
– Mourning Warbler – 0.1%
– Nashville Warbler – <0.1%
– Connecticut Warbler – <0.1%
– Orange-crowned Warbler – <0.1%
Warblers in North Carolina during Winter:
– Yellow-rumped Warbler – 30.2%
– Pine Warbler – 18.4%
– Palm Warbler – 1.6%
– Orange-crowned Warbler – 1.3%
– Common Yellowthroat – 0.9%
– Black-and-white Warbler – 0.6%
– Yellow-throated Warbler – 0.2%
– Prairie Warbler – 0.1%
– Yellow-breasted Chat – <0.1%
– Wilson’s Warbler – <0.1%
– Ovenbird – <0.1%
– Cape May Warbler – <0.1%
– Northern Parula – <0.1%
– Nashville Warbler – <0.1%
– Yellow Warbler – <0.1%
– American Redstart – <0.1%
– Black-throated Blue Warbler – <0.1%
– Tennessee Warbler – <0.1%
– Blackpoll Warbler – <0.1%
– Northern Waterthrush – <0.1%
– Black-throated Green Warbler – <0.1%
– Louisiana Waterthrush – <0.1%
– Chestnut-sided Warbler – <0.1%
– Magnolia Warbler – <0.1%
How to Attract Warblers to Your Backyard
While warblers may not frequent backyard feeders as often as other songbirds, there are methods to entice these melodious avian creatures to your yard:
– If your yard is spacious enough, provide trees.
– Maintain brush piles and embrace a less pristine environment to foster a habitat for insects, the warblers’ friends.
– Refrain from using pesticides or herbicides to ensure an abundant insect population for the birds’ consumption.
– Offer a clean water source.
– Provide mealworms, preferably live ones, but dried ones can be a suitable alternative.
– Install bird feeders stocked with sunflower seeds, peanut hearts, and suet.