This comprehensive manual aims to assist you in recognizing all the warbler species that frequently visit Oklahoma. Equipped with vivid photographs, detailed descriptions, enchanting audio recordings of their melodious songs, and intriguing tidbits of information, this guide goes above and beyond.
Warblers, those petite avian songsters, embark on impressive migratory journeys spanning vast distances, from the depths of South America to breeding grounds as far-reaching as Canada. Vibrant and agile, these splendid creatures traverse from their breeding grounds to winter retreats in a dazzling display of yellow and green, accompanied by a mesmerizing array of harmonies.
Wood-warblers, aptly named for their affinity towards woodlands and forests, grace the North American region. It’s worth noting that extended periods of observing these exquisite creatures through binoculars may result in warbler neck, a condition characterized by aching neck stiffness and tingling sensations.
Primarily insectivorous, warblers occasionally visit backyard feeders to partake in seeds and mealworms. Discover the other avian species that frequently grace Oklahoma’s vicinity and obtain a complimentary identification chart.
This manual acts as your faithful companion, aiding in the identification of warbler types that can reliably be spotted in Oklahoma. Drawing from the extensive avibase database and utilizing data contributed by passionate birdwatchers on ebird, this guide provides accurate information on the optimal times to catch sight of these charming birds.
For each warbler featured in this compendium, you’ll have the pleasure of listening to their captivating songs and gaining insight into the various melodic patterns. However, if you seek further assistance, consult our companion guide, which showcases 13 easily recognizable warbler songs to enhance your identification skills.
Seasonal Occurrence of Warblers in Oklahoma:
During the summer season, keep an eye out for the following warblers in Oklahoma: Yellow Warbler, Northern Parula, Common Yellowthroat, Black-and-white Warbler, Prothonotary Warbler, Yellow-throated Warbler, Louisiana Waterthrush, Yellow-breasted Chat, and Kentucky Warbler.
As winter approaches, Oklahoma welcomes the Yellow-rumped Warbler and Orange-crowned Warbler.
Migration periods usher in the presence of Nashville Warbler, Wilson’s Warbler, American Redstart, Tennessee Warbler, Blackpoll Warbler, Northern Waterthrush, Black-throated Green Warbler, Ovenbird, Magnolia Warbler, Mourning Warbler, Chestnut-sided Warbler, Palm Warbler, Blackburnian Warbler, Canada Warbler, MacGillivray’s Warbler, Bay-breasted Warbler, Townsend’s Warbler, Virginia’s Warbler, and Black-throated Gray Warbler.
An Impressive Array of 30 Warbler Species in Oklahoma:
1. Yellow-rumped Warbler
Yellow-rumped Warblers grace Oklahoma during the winter season, particularly from September to May. They feature a gray plumage with vibrant flashes of yellow adorning their face, sides, and rump. Their wings showcase a delicate touch of white. Female individuals exhibit a slight brown hue, while winter birds sport a paler brown shade with striking yellow accents on the rump and sides, transitioning back to gray and yellow with the arrival of spring.
- Species: Setophaga coronata
- Length: 4.7-5.5 inches (12-14 cm)
- Weight: 0.4-0.5 ounces (12-13 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-9.1 inches (19-23 cm)
Yellow-rumped Warblers predominantly breed in the Canadian wilderness, along with select regions of the Rockies and the Appalachian mountains. During migration, they grace the Midwestern states before seeking refuge in the southern and southwestern regions of the United States, the Pacific Coast,
Mexico, and Central America. Coniferous forests serve as their preferred habitat during the breeding season, while open areas teeming with fruiting shrubs become their winter retreat. In the summer, their diet primarily comprises insects, while fruits such as bayberry and wax myrtle constitute their sustenance during migration and winter.
Fun Fact: During the winter months, Yellow-rumped Warblers congregate in flocks numbering in the thousands, exhibiting a penchant for territoriality by displaying aggression towards intruding species.
2. Yellow Warbler
Yellow Warblers grace Oklahoma during their breeding season, but their highest prevalence occurs during migration in May and September. They feature a small and resplendent yellow body with a yellow-green back, adorned by chestnut streaks on the male’s breast. Females and juveniles display a less vibrant appearance, lacking the distinctive streaks seen in their male counterparts.
- Species: Setophaga petechia
- Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (9-11 g)
- Wingspan: 6.3-7.9 inches (16-20 cm)
Yellow Warblers undertake an extensive migratory journey, venturing to breed in Canada and various regions of the United States, excluding the southeastern states. Subsequently, they traverse Central and South America for the winter. Nonetheless, these delightful creatures can be observed during migration in the southeastern states. Streamside habitats, wetlands, and thickets bordering fields serve as favored foraging grounds, where they diligently hunt insects such as caterpillars, midges, beetles, bugs, and wasps.
Fun Fact: Yellow Warblers possess an intriguing response to the parasitic behavior of cowbirds. Upon discovering cowbird eggs in their nests, Yellow Warblers build a fresh nest atop the previous one, restarting the nesting process up to six times.
3. Northern Parula
Northern Parulas grace Oklahoma throughout the summer season, predominantly appearing in the eastern regions from March to October. They account for approximately 6% of summer checklists.
Northern Parulas exhibit a vivid coloration, featuring a contrast of blueish-gray and yellow hues. Their backs are adorned with bluish-gray plumage, accompanied by a striking yellow patch. Additionally, they possess two white wingbars. Both males and females boast a chestnut band, which separates the yellow throat and chest. Females, being paler than males, lack the chestnut band. Juveniles exhibit a paler appearance as well.
- Species: Setophaga americana
- Length: 4.3-4.7 inches (11-12 cm)
- Weight: 0.2-0.4 ounces (5-11 g)
- Wingspan: 6.3-7.1 inches (16-18 cm)
Northern Parulas primarily breed in the eastern states of the United States, as well as southeastern regions of Canada. They embark on a journey to Central America and the Caribbean for the winter, with some individuals opting to remain in southern Florida during this season.
These delightful creatures can be observed foraging high in deciduous forests, delighting in a feast of insects.
Fun Fact: Northern Parula females undertake the responsibility of rearing their young, including incubation and feeding. Males, on the other hand, serenade their surroundings with their melodious songs while removing fecal sacs from the nests.
4. Common Yellowthroat
While a few Common Yellowthroats can be spotted throughout the year, they are most prevalent during the breeding season in Oklahoma, particularly from April to October. These delightful birds feature small, brownish bodies, vivid yellow undersides, and long tails. Males distinguish themselves with a black mask across their faces. The intensity of their yellow plumage may vary geographically, and some individuals exhibit a more olive hue beneath their feathers.
- Species: Geothlypis trichas
- Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.3 ounces (9-10 g)
- Wingspan: 5.9-7.5 inches (15-19 cm)
Common Yellowthroats spend their summers breeding across North America, excluding Alaska and northern Canada. Along the Gulf Coast and Pacific Southwest, some individuals choose to remain year-round, while others embark on a southward journey for winter.
These vibrant creatures frequently inhabit marshy areas, wetlands, and fields enveloped in dense vegetation.
Fun Fact: Common Yellowthroats utilize their distinctive black mask to communicate their gender to courting males. Interestingly, they display aggression towards simulated birds with masks, but remain passive when encountering mask-less counterparts.
5. Orange-crowned Warbler
Orange-crowned Warblers can be observed in Oklahoma during the winter months, specifically from September to May. They are noted in approximately 1% of winter checklists.
Orange-crowned Warblers lack the vibrant colors displayed by other warblers, instead featuring a yellow-olive plumage, which transitions to a more yellow hue along the Pacific Coast. Their orange crown is seldom visible. Both male and female individuals possess a similar appearance, while juveniles exhibit a grayer coloration.
- Species: Leiothlypis celata
- Length: 4.3-5.5 inches (11-14 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (7-11 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5 inches (19 cm)
Orange-crowned Warblers breed in Canada and the western regions of the United States before embarking on migration journeys encompassing the Pacific, East and Gulf Coasts, and Mexico. They can also be spotted during migration throughout the majority of the United States, excluding the northeastern regions.
These delightful birds favor shrubs and low-lying vegetation, although they breed in open woodland environments. Their diet primarily consists of spiders, insects such as caterpillars and flies, fruits, berries, and seeds. They often visit backyard feeders as well.
Fun Fact: Orange-crowned Warblers display a fondness for indulging in the sapwells created by sapsuckers and woodpeckers.
6. Black-and-white Warbler
Black-and-white Warblers have been sighted during the breeding season in Oklahoma, particularly from March to October in the eastern regions. Their presence is documented in around 4% of summer checklists.
These warblers possess a distinct appearance, making them relatively easy to identify due to their striped pattern. Males showcase a prominent black patch across their eyes and cheeks, appearing darker than their female counterparts.
- Species: Mniotilta varia
- Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.5 ounces (8-15 g)
- Wingspan: 7.1-8.7 inches (18-22 cm)
Black-and-white Warblers breed in the eastern United States and Canada, journeying to spend their winters in Florida, along the Gulf Coast, Mexico, Baja California, the Caribbean, and northern South America. During migration, they can be observed in central regions of the United States.
These delightful creatures can be spotted nimbly hopping up and down tree trunks and branches within forests, diligently searching for insects.
Fun Fact: Black-and-white Warblers construct their nests near or on the ground, often beneath logs or shrubs. Woven from bark, grass, and pine needles, the nests are lined with softer materials. They lay approximately five eggs, with an incubation period of around eleven days, followed by ten days for the young to leave the nest.
7. Prothonotary Warbler
Prothonotary Warblers grace eastern Oklahoma during the breeding season, from April to September, accounting for approximately 5% of summer checklists.
These vibrant warblers boast bright yellow plumage accompanied by blue-gray wings and tails. They exhibit a relatively large size among their warbler counterparts, featuring thick black beaks and white undertails. Female individuals possess a slightly less vibrant appearance than their male counterparts.
- Species: Protonotaria citrea
- Length: 5.1 inches (13 cm)
- Weight: 0.44 ounces (12.5 g)
- Wingspan: 8.75 inches (22 cm)
Prothonotary Warblers breed in the eastern regions of the United States, while wintering in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. Some individuals may remain year-round in Florida.
These delightful birds can often be found near streams, wet woodlands, and other water-rich environments, skillfully foraging for spiders, insects, and snails. During winter, they also incorporate fruit and seeds into their diet.
Fun Fact: The name “Prothonotary” originates from the bright yellow robes worn by members of the Roman Catholic church. It serves as a fitting title for these warblers adorned in resplendent yellow plumage.
8. Nashville Warbler
Nashville Warblers visit Oklahoma during the spring and fall migration periods, from April to May and September to October.
Nashville Warblers primarily exhibit a yellow hue on their undersides, accompanied by white lower bellies. Their backs feature a greenish-yellow shade, while their heads sport a gray coloration adorned by a white eyering. Females and juveniles display less vibrant plumage than males.
- Species: Leiothlypis ruficapilla
- Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.2-0.5 ounces (6.7-13.9 g)
- Wingspan: 6.7-7.9 inches (17-20 cm)
Nashville Warblers breed in the northeastern regions of the United States and Canada. A smaller population also inhabits northwestern states and British Columbia. They can be observed during migration across most states of the United States, excluding the northeastern regions. During winter, they primarily reside in Mexico.
These delightful birds are often found in scrubby habitats and low deciduous forests, diligently hunting for insects.
Fun Fact: Nashville Warblers initially migrate along the Atlantic Coast during their first year, subsequently migrating inland in subsequent years.
9. Yellow-throated Warbler
Yellow-throated Warblers grace Oklahoma throughout the summer season, particularly from March to mid-October, primarily in the eastern regions. They account for approximately 2% of checklists during this period.
Featuring gray and white bodies adorned with black stripes, Yellow-throated Warblers exhibit bright yellow throats. Their bellies and tails appear white when viewed from below. Female individuals and juveniles exhibit a paler coloration.
- Species: Setophaga dominica
- Length: 5.1-5.5 inches (13-14 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (9-11 g)
- Wingspan: 8.3 inches (21 cm)
Yellow-throated Warblers breed across the southeastern regions of the United States, venturing to wintering grounds in Florida, the Caribbean, and along the Gulf Coast into Central America. Some individuals choose to remain year-round in Florida.
These delightful birds can typically be found perched atop pine trees, diligently foraging for insects. During migration, they may venture to lower heights.
Fun Fact: Yellow-throated Warblers have experienced a resurgence in recent years, with their population increasing by 50% since 1966, despite previous declines and range contractions.
10. Louisiana Waterthrush
Louisiana Waterthrushes are found in eastern Oklahoma during the summer season, from March to August, accounting for 2% of checklists during this time.
These warblers exhibit a relatively drab appearance compared to their counterparts. Sporting brown plumage on their topsides and pale undersides, they feature a distinctive white eyebrow stripe and long pink legs.
- Species: Parkesia motacilla
- Length: 5.9-6.1 inches (15-15.5 cm)
- Weight: 0.6-0.8 ounces (18.2-22.9 g)
- Wingspan: 9.4-10.6 inches (24-27 cm)
Louisiana Waterthrushes breed in the eastern regions of the United States, and during migration, they can be observed in the southeast. They spend their winters in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, returning in early spring.
These delightful birds are often found near streams and flowing water within woodlands, where they skillfully hunt for insects, vertebrates, and larvae.
Fun Fact: Louisiana Waterthrushes and Northern Waterthrushes can be distinguished by the former’s larger bill and preference for running water, whereas the latter prefers still water.
11. Yellow-breasted Chat
Yellow-breasted Chats are regularly spotted in Oklahoma during the summer season, from April to September. They make up a small percentage of summer checklists.
Yellow-breasted Chats are known for their unique appearance. They possess a grayish-brown back and a vibrant yellow breast, accompanied by a white belly. They have a distinctive heavy bill and a long tail.
- Species: Icteria virens
- Length: 6.3-7.1 inches (16-18 cm)
- Weight: 0.9-1.0 ounces (26-28 g)
- Wingspan: 7.9-9.1 inches (20-23 cm)
Yellow-breasted Chats breed in the eastern and central regions of the United States and winter in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean.
These birds prefer dense shrubby habitats, thickets, and woodland edges. They have a diverse diet that includes insects, berries, and fruits.
Fun Fact: Yellow-breasted Chats are known for their unique vocalizations, which consist of a medley of whistles, rattles, and melodic notes.
12. Kentucky Warbler
Kentucky Warblers visit Oklahoma during the summer breeding season, from April to August. They are recorded in a small percentage of checklists during this time.
Kentucky Warblers are known for their rich, golden-yellow undersides and olive-green upperparts. They have a black mask across their eyes and a contrasting white eyebrow stripe.
- Species: Geothlypis formosa
- Length: 5.1-5.5 inches (13-14 cm)
- Weight: 0.5-0.6 ounces (14-17 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-8.3 inches (19-21 cm)
Kentucky Warblers breed in the eastern and central regions of the United States and winter in the southeastern regions, along the Gulf Coast, and in Mexico.
These birds favor dense undergrowth, shrubby habitats, and forest edges. They primarily feed on insects, spiders, and other small invertebrates.
Fun Fact: Male Kentucky Warblers are known for their loud and distinctive song, which consists of a series of rolling notes.
13. Yellow-throated Warbler
The Yellow-throated Warbler is a summer visitor to Oklahoma, observed from March to mid-October. They account for a small percentage of checklists during this time.
Yellow-throated Warblers have gray and white bodies with black stripes and a vibrant yellow throat. Their bellies and tails appear white when viewed from below. Female individuals and juveniles exhibit a paler coloration.
- Species: Setophaga dominica
- Length: 5.1-5.5 inches (13-14 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (9-11 g)
- Wingspan: 8.3 inches (21 cm)
Yellow-throated Warblers breed across the southeastern regions of the United States, venturing to wintering grounds in Florida, the Caribbean, and along the Gulf Coast into Central America. Some individuals choose to remain year-round in Florida.
These delightful birds can typically be found perched atop pine trees, diligently foraging for insects. During migration, they may venture to lower heights.
Fun Fact: Yellow-throated Warblers have experienced a resurgence in recent years, with their population increasing by 50% since 1966, despite previous declines and range contractions.
14. Louisiana Waterthrush
Louisiana Waterthrushes are found in eastern Oklahoma during the summer season, from March to August, accounting for 2% of checklists during this time.
These warblers exhibit a relatively drab appearance compared to their counterparts. Sporting brown plumage on their topsides and pale undersides, they feature a distinctive white eyebrow stripe and long pink legs.
- Species: Parkesia motacilla
- Length: 5.9-6.1 inches (15-15.5 cm)
- Weight: 0.6-0.8 ounces (18.2-22.9 g)
- Wingspan: 9.4-10.6 inches (24-27 cm)
Louisiana Waterthrushes breed in the eastern regions of the United States, and during migration, they can be observed in the southeast. They spend their winters in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, returning in early spring.
These delightful birds are often found near streams and flowing water within woodlands, where they skillfully hunt for insects, vertebrates, and larvae.
Fun Fact: Louisiana Waterthrushes and Northern Waterthrushes can be distinguished by the former’s larger bill and preference for running water, whereas the latter prefers still water.
15. Yellow-rumped Warbler
Yellow-rumped Warblers are winter visitors to Oklahoma, typically spotted from September to May. They are recorded in approximately 15% of winter checklists submitted by birdwatchers in the state.
Yellow-rumped Warblers showcase a predominantly gray plumage with flashes of yellow on their faces, sides, and rumps, as well as white patches on their wings. Females may have a slightly brownish hue, while winter birds exhibit paler brown tones with bright yellow rumps and sides that transition back to yellow and gray in the spring.
- Species: Setophaga coronata
- Length: 4.7-5.5 inches (12-14 cm)
- Weight: 0.4-0.5 ounces (12-13 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-9.1 inches (19-23 cm)
Yellow-rumped Warblers primarily breed in Canada and parts of the Rockies and the Appalachian Mountains. During migration, they can be observed in the Midwest before wintering in southern and southwestern states of the U.S., along the Pacific Coast, and into Mexico and Central America.
These warblers are often found in coniferous forests, especially during the breeding season. In winter, they frequent open areas with fruiting shrubs. Their diet consists mainly of insects during the summer and migration, while in winter, they primarily feed on fruit, including bayberry and wax myrtle.
Fun Fact: Yellow-rumped Warblers form large flocks during the winter, sometimes numbering in the thousands. They can be aggressive toward other species that come too close.
16. Black-and-white Warbler
Black-and-white Warblers are commonly observed in Oklahoma during the breeding season, particularly from March to October in the eastern regions. They account for approximately 4% of summer checklists.
These warblers possess a distinctive appearance, making them easily identifiable with their striped black-and-white patterns. Males display a prominent black patch across the eye and cheek, appearing darker than females.
- Species: Mniotilta varia
- Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.5 ounces (8-15 g)
- Wingspan: 7.1-8.7 inches (18-22 cm)
Black-and-white Warblers breed in the eastern United States and Canada. They spend the winter in Florida, along the Gulf Coast, Mexico, Baja California, the Caribbean, and northern South America. During migration, they can be observed in central regions of the United States.
These delightful birds can be spotted hopping up and down tree trunks and branches within forests, diligently searching for insects.
Fun Fact: Black-and-white Warblers construct their nests near or on the ground, often beneath logs or shrubs. The nests are made from bark, grass, and pine needles woven into a cup-shaped structure. They typically lay around five eggs, with an incubation period of approximately eleven days, followed by an additional ten days for the young to leave the nest.
17. Prothonotary Warbler
Prothonotary Warblers grace eastern Oklahoma during the breeding season, from April to September, accounting for approximately 5% of summer checklists.
These vibrant warblers boast bright yellow plumage accompanied by blue-gray wings and tails. They are relatively larger in size compared to other warbler species, featuring thick black beaks and white undertails. Female individuals exhibit slightly less vibrant appearances than their male counterparts.
- Species: Protonotaria citrea
- Length: 5.1 inches (13 cm)
- Weight: 0.44 ounces (12.5 g)
- Wingspan: 8.75 inches (22 cm)
Prothonotary Warblers breed in eastern U.S. states and spend the winter in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean.
These birds can be found near streams and wet woodlands, where they forage for spiders, insects, and snails. They may also consume fruit and seeds during the winter months.
Fun Fact: The name “Prothonotary” originates from the bright yellow robes worn by members of the Roman Catholic church. It serves as a fitting title for these warblers adorned in resplendent yellow plumage.
18. Nashville Warbler
Nashville Warblers are migratory visitors to Oklahoma, seen during the spring and fall migration periods from April to May and September to October.
Nashville Warblers primarily exhibit a yellow hue on their undersides, accompanied by white lower bellies. They have a greenish-yellow back and gray head with a white eyering. Females and juveniles are less vibrant than males.
- Species: Leiothlypis ruficapilla
- Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.2-0.5 ounces (6.7-13.9 g)
- Wingspan: 6.7-7.9 inches (17-20 cm)
Nashville Warblers breed in northeastern U.S. states and Canada, with a smaller population in northwestern U.S. states and British Columbia. They can be observed during migration in most U.S. states, except the northeastern regions. They spend the winter mainly in Mexico.
These delightful birds are often found in scrubby habitats and low deciduous forests, where they actively hunt for insects.
Fun Fact: Nashville Warblers initially migrate along the Atlantic Coast during their first year, subsequently migrating inland in subsequent years.
19. Tennessee Warbler
Tennessee Warblers are migratory visitors to Oklahoma, passing through during the spring and fall migration periods from April to May and September to October.
Tennessee Warblers display a predominantly olive-green plumage with a pale yellow undertone. They have a pale gray head and a white eyering. Female individuals and juveniles exhibit a less vibrant appearance compared to males.
- Species: Leiothlypis peregrina
- Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (9-11 g)
- Wingspan: 6.7-7.9 inches (17-20 cm)
Tennessee Warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada and Alaska, venturing to the northeastern regions of the United States. They spend the winter in Central and South America.
These warblers favor coniferous and mixed forests during migration, where they actively search for insects and small invertebrates.
FunFact: Tennessee Warblers are known for their relatively quiet and high-pitched songs, often emitting a buzzy “zee-zee-zee” sound.
20. Blackpoll Warbler:
Blackpoll Warblers are migratory visitors to Oklahoma, observed during the spring and fall migration seasons from April to May and September to October.
Blackpoll Warblers display a combination of black, white, and gray plumage. They have a black cap and face, contrasting with their white cheeks and underparts. Male individuals feature streaks of black on their sides, while females exhibit more olive tones.
- Species: Setophaga striata
- Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.4-0.5 ounces (12-14 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 inches (19-22 cm)
Blackpoll Warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada and Alaska, venturing to the northeastern regions of the United States. During migration, they can be observed in various U.S. states. They spend the winter in South America.
These remarkable birds inhabit forests and wooded areas, where they forage for insects and larvae.
Fun Fact: Blackpoll Warblers undergo one of the most remarkable migrations among songbirds, embarking on non-stop flights across the Atlantic Ocean to reach their wintering grounds in South America.
21. Northern Waterthrush
Northern Waterthrushes are migratory visitors to Oklahoma, passing through during the spring and fall migration periods from April to May and September to October.
Northern Waterthrushes showcase a predominantly brownish plumage with a white belly and undertail. They have bold black streaks on their flanks and a white eyering. Female individuals and juveniles exhibit a less vibrant appearance compared to males.
- Species: Parkesia noveboracensis
- Length: 5.1-5.5 inches (13-14 cm)
- Weight: 0.4-0.5 ounces (11-14 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 inches (19-22 cm)
Northern Waterthrushes breed in the boreal forests of Canada and Alaska, as well as northeastern regions of the United States. They spend the winter in Central and South America.
These warblers favor marshy areas, wetlands, and stream edges during migration, where they actively forage for insects, spiders, and small aquatic invertebrates.
Fun Fact: Northern Waterthrushes exhibit a characteristic behavior known as “tail-wagging,” where they repeatedly raise and lower their tails while foraging on the ground or near the water’s edge.
22. Black-throated Green Warbler:
Black-throated Green Warblers are migratory visitors to Oklahoma, seen during the spring and fall migration periods from April to May and September to October.
Black-throated Green Warblers feature a vibrant yellow-green plumage on their upperparts, contrasting with their black throat and face. They have white undersides and a distinctive white eyering.
- Species: Setophaga virens
- Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (8-11 g)
- Wingspan: 7.1-8.7 inches (18-22 cm)
Black-throated Green Warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada and the northeastern regions of the United States. They spend the winter in Central and South America.
These delightful birds can be found in various forest habitats during migration, where they actively feed on insects, caterpillars, and spiders.
Fun Fact: Male Black-throated Green Warblers emit a distinctive high-pitched song, resembling the phrase “trees, trees, murmuring trees.”
23. Blackburnian Warbler
Blackburnian Warblers are migratory visitors to Oklahoma, observed during the spring and fall migration seasons from April to May and September to October.
Blackburnian Warblers showcase a vibrant orange throat and breast, contrasting with their black back, wings, and tail. They have white undersides and a bold white eyering.
- Species: Setophaga fusca
- Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (9-11 g)
- Wingspan: 7.1-8.3 inches (18-21 cm)
Blackburnian Warblers breed in the northeastern regions of the United States and the boreal forests of Canada. They spend the winter in Central and South America.
These warblers inhabit coniferous and mixed forests during migration, where they actively search for insects and small invertebrates.
Fun Fact: The bright orange throat of the male Blackburnian Warbler is often described as “flaming,” making it one of the most striking plumage features among North American warblers.
24. Bay-breasted Warbler
Bay-breasted Warblers are migratory visitors to Oklahoma, passing through during the spring and fall migration periods from April to May and September to October.
Bay-breasted Warblers exhibit a unique combination of pinkish-brown upperparts and a vibrant chestnut-colored crown and flanks. They have white undersides with streaking on the sides and a distinctive white eyering.
- Species: Setophaga castanea
- Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (9-11 g)
- Wingspan: 7.1-8.3 inches (18-21 cm)
Bay-breasted Warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada, with a smaller population in the northeastern regions of the United States. They spend the winter in Central and South America.
During migration, these warblers can be found in various forest habitats, where they actively feed on insects and spiders.
Fun Fact: Bay-breasted Warblers have a special affinity for spruce budworms, often gorging on these pests during outbreaks, which has led to their population fluctuations being linked to the cyclic abundance of this food source.
25. Chestnut-sided Warbler
Chestnut-sided Warblers are migratory visitors to Oklahoma, observed during the spring and fall migration seasons from April to May and September to October.
Chestnut-sided Warblers display a striking plumage combination of bright yellow on their undersides, a white eyering, and chestnut-colored streaks on their sides. They have gray upperparts and a yellow crown.
- Species: Setophaga pensylvanica
- Length: 4.3-5.1 inches (11-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (8-12 g)
- Wingspan: 7.1-8.7 inches (18-22 cm)
Chestnut-sided Warblers breed in the northeastern regions of the United States and the boreal forests of Canada. They spend the winter in Central and South America.
These warblers can be found in various habitats during migration, including deciduous forests and shrubby areas. They actively feed on insects, spiders, and small berries.
Fun Fact: Chestnut-sided Warblers have a unique and easily recognizable song, often described as “pleased, pleased, pleased to meet’cha!”
26. Palm Warbler:
Palm Warblers are migratory visitors to Oklahoma, seen during the spring and fall migration periods from April to May and September to October.
Palm Warblers display a brownish-gray back and wings with a yellow undertone on their undersides. They have a rusty cap and a bold pale eyering.
- Species: Setophaga palmarum
- Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.3-0.4 ounces (8-12 g)
- Wingspan: 7.1-8.3 inches (18-21 cm)
Palm Warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada and Alaska, as well as the northeastern regions of the United States. They spend the winter in the southeastern United States, the Caribbean, and Central America.
These warblers inhabit various habitats during migration, including open woodlands, fields, and shrubby areas. They actively forage on the ground, wagging their tails as they search for insects and seeds.
Fun Fact: Palm Warblers are unique among North American warblers in that they frequently pump or wag their tails up and down while foraging, creating a distinct characteristic behavior.
27. Wilson’s Warbler:
Wilson’s Warblers are migratory visitors to Oklahoma, passing through during the spring and fall migration seasons from April to May and September to October.
Wilson’s Warblers showcase a vibrant yellow plumage on their undersides, accompanied by olive-green upperparts. They have a black cap and a distinctive white eyering.
- Species: Cardellina pusilla
- Length: 4.3-4.7 inches (11-12 cm)
- Weight: 0.2-0.3 ounces (6-8 g)
- Wingspan: 6.7-7.1 inches (17-18 cm)
Wilson’s Warblers breed in the western regions of North America, including Alaska and Canada, as well as the northwestern United States. They spend the winter in Central and South America.
These delightful warblers inhabit various habitats during migration, including forests, thickets, and shrubby areas. They actively forage for insects, spiders, and small berries.
Fun Fact: Wilson’s Warblers are known for their energetic and bouncy behavior, often wagging their tails and flitting through vegetation in search of food.
28. Ovenbird
Ovenbirds are summer visitors to Oklahoma, observed from April to September, making up approximately 5% of summer checklists.
Ovenbirds display a predominantly brown plumage with bold black streaks on their upperparts. They have a distinctive orange-brown crown bordered by black stripes.
- Species: Seiurus aurocapilla
- Length: 5.1-6.3 inches (13-16 cm)
- Weight: 0.6-0.8 ounces (18-22 g)
- Wingspan: 6.7-8.3 inches (17-21 cm)
Ovenbirds breed in the northeastern regions of the United States and the boreal forests of Canada. They spend the winter in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean.
These ground-dwelling warblers prefer dense forests, especially areas with leaf litter, where they forage for insects, spiders, and other small invertebrates.
Fun Fact: Ovenbirds derive their name from the shape of their nests, which resemble old-fashioned outdoor ovens or Dutch ovens. These dome-shaped nests are built on the ground and constructed from leaves, grass, and other plant materials.
29. Connecticut Warbler
Connecticut Warblers are migratory visitors to Oklahoma, passing through during the spring and fall migration seasons from April to May and September to October.
Connecticut Warblers exhibit a primarily olive-brown plumage with a gray head and a yellow undertone on their undersides. They have a distinctive white eyering.
- Species: Oporornis agilis
- Length: 5.5-5.9 inches (14-15 cm)
- Weight: 0.5-0.6 ounces (14-17 g)
- Wingspan: 7.9-8.7 inches (20-22 cm)
Connecticut Warblers breed in the boreal forests of Canada and the upper Midwest regions of the United States. They spend the winter in Central and South America.
These warblers inhabit dense shrubby areas and wet thickets during migration, where they actively forage for insects, spiders, and berries.
Fun Fact: Connecticut Warblers are known for their elusive nature and skulking behavior, often staying hidden in dense vegetation, making them a challenging species to observe.
30. Mourning Warbler
Mourning Warblers are migratory visitors to Oklahoma, seen during the spring and fall migration periods from April to May and September to October.
Mourning Warblers exhibit a predominantly olive-green plumage with a gray head and an olive-yellow undertone on their undersides. They have a distinctive black mask across their eyes.
- Species: Geothlypis philadelphia
- Length: 4.7-5.1 inches (12-13 cm)
- Weight: 0.4-0.5 ounces (11-14 g)
- Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 inches (19-22 cm)
Mourning Warblers breed in the northeastern regions of the United States and the boreal forests of Canada. They spend the winter in Central and South America.
These warblers prefer shrubby habitats and forest undergrowth during migration, where they actively forage for insects, spiders, and small berries.
Fun Fact: Mourning Warblers have a melodious song that resembles a flute-like “chip-a-way, chip-a-way,” which they often sing from the understory or dense vegetation.
Guide to Warbler Melodies
It is often the case that warblers announce their presence through song, heralding their arrival before they come into view. Acquainting oneself with a handful of their melodic compositions can facilitate the identification of these avian creatures. Fortunately, certain warbler songs possess a more distinct quality compared to others.
The songs of warblers can be characterized as either buzzing, clear, or trilling, with variations in pitch and a medley of sounds. A buzzy note evokes an insect-like hum, a clear note resembles a melodious whistle, and a trill is executed at such a rapid pace that individual notes become indistinguishable.
Within this informative guide, you have the opportunity to listen to the songs of all the warblers mentioned. For a more convenient reference, consult this compilation featuring 13 warbler melodies that are easily recognizable.
Warblers with Buzzing Songs:
– The song of the Black-throated Blue Warbler ascends while producing a buzzy sound.
– Prairie Warblers also emit a buzzing sound as their song rises.
– Black-throated Green Warblers incorporate buzzing elements but include a couple of clear notes in the middle.
– Blackpoll Warblers produce clear and steady songs that resemble the buzz of an insect.
– The song of Prairie Warblers is buzzy and rises in pitch.
– Palm Warblers sing a buzzy melody.
Warblers with Songs Containing Clear Notes:
– Common Yellowthroats vocalize a sequence of rising and falling notes, which is then repeated.
– Ovenbirds express a series of notes that ascend and descend.
– Hooded Warblers, too, possess clear notes within their song.
– The song of Chestnut-sided Warblers consists of a succession of clear falling notes that accelerate towards the end.
– Yellow-rumped Warblers create a sequence of clear notes that gradually fade away.
– Yellow Warblers’ song speeds up.
– Northern Parulas culminate their rising trill with a different note, akin to a concluding punctuation mark.
– Wilson’s Warblers’ song comprises a cascade of clear falling notes that increase in tempo.
Frequency of Warbler Sightings in Oklahoma During Summer and Winter
Checklists serve as invaluable resources for determining the prevalence of various bird species within a specific region. These records shed light on which warblers are frequently observed during summer and winter in the state of Oklahoma, as documented on ebird checklists.
Warblers in Oklahoma during Summer:
– Yellow Warbler: 10.2%
– Common Yellowthroat: 6.8%
– Northern Parula: 6.8%
– Prothonotary Warbler: 5.0%
– Black-and-white Warbler: 4.6%
– Yellow-breasted Chat: 3.3%
– Yellow-throated Warbler: 2.9%
– Nashville Warbler: 2.6%
– Louisiana Waterthrush: 2.3%
– Yellow-rumped Warbler: 2.2%
– Orange-crowned Warbler: 2.1%
– Kentucky Warbler: 1.7%
– American Redstart: 1.5%
– Blackpoll Warbler: 1.3%
– Tennessee Warbler: 1.3%
– Wilson’s Warbler: 1.2%
– Northern Waterthrush: 0.6%
– Ovenbird: 0.5%
– Magnolia Warbler: 0.5%
– Chestnut-sided Warbler: 0.4%
– Mourning Warbler: 0.3%
– Black-throated Green Warbler: 0.3%
– Blackburnian Warbler: 0.2%
– Canada Warbler: 0.1%
– MacGillivray’s Warbler: 0.1%
– Bay-breasted Warbler: 0.1%
– Palm Warbler: 0.1%
– Virginia’s Warbler: Less than 0.1%
– Townsend’s Warbler: Less than 0.1%
– Black-throated Gray Warbler: Less than 0.1%
Warblers in Oklahoma during Winter:
– Yellow-rumped Warbler: 15.8%
– Orange-crowned Warbler: 1.2%
– Common Yellowthroat: 0.6%
– Chestnut-sided Warbler: Less than 0.1%
– Palm Warbler: Less than 0.1%
Methods to Attract Warblers to Your Backyard
While warblers may not be as frequently observed at backyard feeders compared to other songbirds, there exist strategies to entice these melodious creatures into your yard:
– If your yard permits, provide ample trees.
– Embrace a slightly untidy environment by leaving brush piles, offering a habitat for insects.
– Refrain from using pesticides or herbicides to ensure an adequate insect population, without exposing birds to harmful substances.
– Offer a clean water source.
– Provide mealworms, preferably live ones, but dried alternatives can suffice.
– Install bird feeders stocked with sunflower seeds, peanut hearts, and suet.