In the spring and summer seasons when warblers migrate to Tennessee, yellow birds, including the American Goldfinch and Yellow-rumped Warbler, are commonly seen. However, during winter, these two species are the most frequently observed yellow birds in the region.
To assist you in identifying the yellow birds you spot in Tennessee, this comprehensive guide offers pictures, information for identification, song recordings, and details about their migration patterns.
The majority of yellow birds found in Tennessee are warblers, orioles, or tanagers. It’s worth noting that female birds of these species often exhibit distinct appearances compared to their male counterparts.
By utilizing the information provided in this guide, identifying yellow birds will become much simpler. The yellow birds listed here are arranged in order of their frequency of sightings in Tennessee during spring and summer (May and June), as reported in ebird checklists.
Yellow birds present in Tennessee throughout the year include the American Goldfinch, Eastern Meadowlark, Cedar Waxwing, and Pine Warbler. During the summer, you can spot additional yellow birds such as the White-eyed Vireo, Common Yellowthroat, Summer Tanager, Scarlet Tanager, Orchard Oriole, Hooded Warbler, Yellow-throated Vireo, Yellow-throated Warbler, Prothonotary Warbler, Prairie Warbler, Yellow Warbler, Baltimore Oriole, Dickcissel, Painted Bunting, and Western Kingbird. In the winter months, the Yellow-rumped Warbler, Palm Warbler, Orange-crowned Warbler, Evening Grosbeak, and Western Meadowlark become more prevalent. During migration, keep an eye out for the Black-throated Green Warbler, American Redstart, Magnolia Warbler, Blue-winged Warbler, Nashville Warbler, Cape May Warbler, Canada Warbler, and Wilson’s Warbler.
Continue reading to enhance your ability to identify the yellow birds you have spotted.
32 Yellow Birds in Tennessee:
1. American Goldfinch
Throughout the year, American Goldfinches can be found in Tennessee. They are observed in 33% of summer checklists and 29% of winter checklists submitted by birdwatchers in the state.
American Goldfinches are popular birds, with the males displaying vibrant yellow and black plumage in the spring. The females and males in winter exhibit duller brown colors.
Spinus tristis
Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.7 oz (11-20 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm)
American Goldfinches are distributed across most of North America and usually reside year-round. However, those that breed in Canada and the Midwest migrate to the southern United States for the winter.
These birds can be found foraging in weedy fields, overgrown areas, and among sunflower, thistle, and aster plants. They are also commonly spotted in suburbs, parks, and backyards.
Song of the American Goldfinch:
American Goldfinches construct their nests in saplings or shrubs using grass, bark strips, and feathers. The female lays four to six eggs, which hatch in ten to twelve days. During this period, the male feeds the female while she incubates the eggs.
To attract American Goldfinches to your backyard, consider planting thistles and milkweed. They visit most types of bird feeders and particularly prefer sunflower and nyjer seeds.
Fun Fact: Brown-headed Cowbirds often lay their eggs in American Goldfinch nests. Unfortunately, the seed-based diet provided by the parents is unsuitable for the cowbird offspring, leading to their eventual demise.
2. Yellow-rumped Warbler
Yellow-rumped Warblers spend the winter season in Tennessee, and they are observed in 21% of checklists during this period. Their presence is most notable from October to May.
These warblers have gray plumage with yellow accents on their face, sides, and rump, as well as white patches on their wings.
Females may display slight brown coloring, while winter birds exhibit paler brown tones with bright yellow rumps and sides. In spring, their colors transition back to bright yellow and gray.
Setophaga coronata
Length: 4.7-5.5 in (12-14 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (12-13 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-9.1 in (19-23 cm)
Yellow-rumped Warblers primarily breed in Canada, the Rockies, and the Appalachian mountains.
During migration, they can be seen in the Midwest before overwintering in southern and southwestern US states, the Pacific Coast, Mexico, and Central America.
These warblers are commonly found in coniferous forests, especially during the breeding season. In winter, they tend to inhabit open areas with fruiting shrubs. Their diet consists mostly of insects during the summer and migration, while they primarily consume fruit, including bayberry and wax myrtle, in the winter.
Song of the Yellow-rumped Warbler:
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC602699. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/602699.
Yellow-rumped Warblers construct nests using twigs, pine needles, and grass. These nests are lined with soft grass, moss, and hair. The females lay up to six eggs, which hatch in approximately two weeks. The young birds leave the nest after another two weeks.
To attract Yellow-rumped Warblers to your backyard, offer sunflower seeds, suet, raisins, and peanut butter.
Fun Fact: During winter, Yellow-rumped Warblers form flocks comprising thousands of individuals and can display aggression toward other species that approach too closely.
3. Eastern Meadowlark
Eastern Meadowlarks, classified as near-threatened, are more commonly observed during the breeding season in Tennessee. They appear in 12% of summer checklists and can also be spotted in 7% of winter checklists.
These medium-sized songbirds exhibit bright yellow undersides and pale brown plumage with black markings on their backs. They are easily recognizable by the distinctive black band across their chests.
Sturnella magna
Length: 7.5-10.2 in (19-26 cm)
Weight: 3.2-5.3 oz (90-150 g)
Wingspan: 13.8-15.8 in (35-40 cm)
Eastern Meadowlarks are found throughout eastern US states year-round, with breeding populations extending to the Northeast and Canada before migrating south.
Their melodious songs and displays mark the arrival of spring in the East, but unfortunately, these birds are currently classified as near-threatened.
You can typically find Eastern Meadowlarks foraging on the ground in grasslands and prairies, where they feed on insects. In winter, they gather in large flocks, searching for seeds in fields.
Song of the Eastern Meadowlark: They produce clear and melodious flute-like whistles.
Manuel Grosselet, XC645468. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/645468.
Eastern Meadowlarks construct their nests on the ground, which can be quite remarkable structures with tunnels and roofs made from woven grasses.
Fun Fact: Eastern Meadowlarks can sing over 100 songs.
4. White-eyed Vireo
White-eyed Vireos spend the breeding season in Tennessee, mainly from April to October. They are present in 18% of summer checklists.
These vireos have gray heads with yellow patches around their foreheads and distinct white eyes. Their chests and throats are white, while their sides are yellow. They display greenish backs with darker wings and two white wingbars.
Vireo griseus
Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.5 oz (10-14 g)
Wingspan: 6.7 in (17 cm)
During the summer, White-eyed Vireos can be found across the southeastern United States, often hidden in dense thickets. Some populations remain year-round near the coast. In winter, they migrate to the southeast coast of Mexico and the Caribbean.
These vireos prefer overgrown pastures, brambles, and similar habitats, where they feed on insects, flies, and spiders. In winter, they also consume berries.
Song of the White-eyed Vireo:
Credit: Phoenix Birder, XC574070. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/574070.
White-eyed Vireos construct nests by hanging them from branches in shrubs. They utilize spider webs to form the initial structure, adding leaves, bark, and plant material to create a hanging cup.
They lay around four eggs, which take two weeks to hatch. The young birds leave the nest after approximately ten days.
Fun Fact: During winter, both male and female White-eyed Vireos sing. However, in spring and summer, only the males sing, producing a continuous song from dawn until lunchtime.
5. Cedar Waxwing
Cedar Waxwings can be seen in Tennessee throughout the year and appear in approximately 8% of summer and winter checklists.
These elegant and sociable birds have pale brown plumage on their heads, chests, and crests, which transitions to gray on their backs and wings. Their bellies are pale yellow, and they sport bright yellow tips on their tails. Notably, they have a narrow black mask over their eyes and bright red wingtips.
Bombycilla cedrorum
Length: 5.5-6.7 in (14-17 cm)
Weight: 1.1 oz (32 g)
Wingspan: 8.7-11.8 in (22-30 cm)
Cedar Waxwings breed in Canada and then migrate to southern US states, Mexico, and Central America for the winter. Some populations remain year-round in the northern US.
These birds can be found in berry bushes, woodlands, grasslands, towns, and along streams. While their diet primarily consists of fruit, they also consume insects during the summer.
Call of the Cedar Waxwing:
Credit: Peter Ward and Ken Hall, XC512254. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/512254.
Cedar Waxwings construct their nests in trees using twigs, grass, hair, and plant materials. The nests are lined with pine needles and soft grass. They lay up to six eggs, which take around twelve days to hatch. The young birds leave the nest after approximately sixteen days.
To attract Cedar Waxwings to your backyard, consider planting native trees and shrubs that produce small fruits, such as serviceberry, dogwood, juniper, winterberry, and hawthorn. You can also try offering fruit on platform feeders.
Fun Fact: Cedar Waxwings engage in a unique behavior of passing gifts between potential mates during courtship.
6. Common Yellowthroat
Common Yellowthroats are frequently observed during the breeding season in Tennessee, primarily from April to October. They are present in 17% of summer checklists.
These small songbirds display brownish plumage on their backs and bright yellow undersides, along with long tails. Male Common Yellowthroats have black masks across their faces, while the brightness of their yellow coloration can vary geographically. In certain areas, the yellow may appear more olive in tone.
Geothlypis trichas
Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.3 oz (9-10 g)
Wingspan: 5.9-7.5 in (15-19 cm)
During the summer, Common Yellowthroats breed across most of North America, excluding Alaska and northern Canada. Some populations remain year-round along the Gulf Coast and Pacific Southwest. During migration, they head south for the winter.
These birds are often found in marshy or wetland areas, as well as brushy fields with thick vegetation.
Song of the Common Yellowthroat:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC629250. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/629250.
Common Yellowthroats construct their nests near the ground in marshy areas, supported by reeds. The nests are made of grass, sedges, leaves, and grass platforms. They lay up to six eggs, which hatch in around twelve days. The young birds fledge after a similar duration.
To attract Common Yellowthroats to larger backyards, provide dense vegetation and native plants that attract insects.
Fun Fact: The presence of a black mask on Common Yellowthroats signals to male birds that the individual is male, and they will exhibit aggression towards decoy birds with masks. However, they do not display aggression when the decoy bird lacks a mask.
7. Summer Tanager Female
Summer Tanagers can be spotted in Tennessee during the breeding season, primarily from April to October. They occur in 15% of checklists during this time.
Female Summer Tanagers have yellowish-green plumage overall, appearing paler on their undersides and darker on their backs. Male Summer Tanagers, on the other hand, exhibit strikingly bright red colors with black wings. They possess thick bills and relatively short tails.
Piranga rubra
Length: 6.7 in (17 cm)
Weight: 1.1 oz (30 g)
Summer Tanagers breed in southern and eastern states before migrating to Central and South America for the winter.
These birds can be found in open woodlands, where they feed on bees and wasps mid-flight. They catch their prey, kill them by striking them against branches to remove the stinger, and then consume them.
Song of the Summer Tanager:
Credit: John A. Middleton Jr., XC643125. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/643125.
Summer Tanager nests are constructed by females using grass and other plant materials. They are typically positioned toward the end of overhanging branches. While the nests are not extensively built, they hold approximately four eggs. The eggs hatch within ten days, and the young birds fledge after a further ten days.
To attract Summer Tanagers to your backyard, consider planting berry bushes and fruit trees.
Fun Fact: Young Scarlet Tanagers are fed by their parents for an additional three weeks after leaving the nest, as their flight capabilities are still limited during this period.
8. Pine Warbler
Pine Warblers can be seen in Tennessee throughout the year, with a higher frequency of observations from March to June. They appear in 4% of summer and winter checklists.
These small, plump yellow birds have olive backs, white lower bellies, and gray wingbars. Female Pine Warblers may appear slightly browner and display more white on their bellies.
Setophaga pinus
Length: 5.1-5.5 in (13-14 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.5 oz (9-15 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-9.1 in (19-23 cm)
Pine Warblers breed in northeastern US states before migrating to southeastern US states. Some populations remain year-round in the southeastern US.
These warblers are often found in pine forests, as their name suggests, with a preference for higher areas within the trees. Their diet primarily consists of caterpillars, beetles, spiders, insects, and larvae. During colder weather, they also consume fruit and seeds.
Song of the Pine Warbler:
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC602052. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/602052.
Pine Warblers construct their nests using twigs, bark, pine needles, and grass. They bind these materials with spider silk and line the nest with feathers and animal hair. The female lays up to five eggs, which take approximately two weeks to hatch. The young birds leave the nest after around ten days.
To attract Pine Warblers to your yard, provide tube feeders and platform feeders with millet, cracked corn, sunflower seeds, peanut hearts, and suet. Additionally, consider planting native fruit-bearing trees and vines such as bayberry, grape, sumac, and Virginia creeper.
Fun Fact: Pine Warblers are one of the few warbler species that primarily feed on seeds. As a result, they are more likely to visit backyard feeders.
9. Scarlet Tanager Female
Scarlet Tanagers spend the summer season in Tennessee and are observed from April to October. They occur in 10% of checklists during this time.
Female Scarlet Tanagers have yellowish-green plumage overall, appearing paler on their undersides and darker on their backs. After molting, male Scarlet Tanagers exhibit a striking appearance with black heads and backs, and reddish undersides.
Icterus spurius
Length: 6.3-6.7 in (16-17 cm)
Weight: 0.8-1.3 oz (23-38 g)
Wingspan: 9.8-11.4 in (25-29 cm)
During the summer, Scarlet Tanagers breed in eastern forests before migrating to western South America. They can be observed in southeastern states during their migrations.
These tanagers often remain high in the forest canopy, making them somewhat challenging to spot. However, you may catch a glimpse of their vibrant red coloration as they walk along branches in search of insects.
Song of the Scarlet Tanager:
Credit: Christopher McPherson, XC599850. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/599850.
Scarlet Tanagers construct nests in just four days, using loosely woven twigs, grass, and plant materials. The interior is lined with soft grass, pine needles, and other soft materials. They lay around four eggs, which hatch within two weeks. The young birds fledge in approximately two weeks.
To attract Scarlet Tanagers, consider planting berry-producing plants such as blackberries, raspberries, huckleberries, juneberries, serviceberries, mulberries, strawberries, and chokeberries.
Fun Fact: Male Scarlet Tanagers engage in singing battles that can escalate to actual fighting.
10. Orchard Oriole Female
Orchard Orioles reside in Tennessee during the breeding season, primarily from April to September. They occur in 13% of summer checklists.
Female Orchard Orioles display greenish-yellow plumage overall, appearing paler on their undersides and darker on their backs. They also have darker wings and white wingbars.
Icterus spurius
Length: 5.9-7.1 in (15-18 cm)
Weight: 0.6-1.0 oz (16-28 g)
Wingspan: 9.8 in (25 cm)
During the summer, Orchard Orioles breed in the eastern half of the United States before migrating south to Mexico and Central America.
These orioles are often found in open woodlands, along river banks, and in open shrublands and farms. They construct hanging pouch-like nests.
Their diet consists primarily of insects, such as ants, caterpillars, beetles, and grasshoppers, along with spiders. They also consume nectar from flowers and feed on fruit such as mulberries and chokeberries.
Orchard Oriole sounds: They produce a jumbled series of whistles lasting approximately 3 to 4 seconds.
Paul Driver, XC651124. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/651124.
Orchard Oriole nests are cup-shaped and suspended from small branches of trees. They are constructed using twigs, grass, hair, and plant materials. The nests are lined with pine needles and soft grass. Orchard Orioles lay 4-6 eggs, which take around two weeks to hatch.
To attract Orchard Orioles to your yard, consider providing hummingbird feeders or platform feeders with cut oranges or mango. Additionally, planting native berry-producing plants like mulberries or chokeberries can be beneficial.
Fun Fact: Orchard Orioles are the smallest blackbird species in North America.
11. Hooded Warbler
Hooded Warblers can be observed in Tennessee during the breeding season, mainly from April to September. They occur in 12% of summer checklists.
These warblers have striking black hoods and throats, contrasting with bright yellow faces, chests, and bellies. Females have similar color patterns but are slightly duller.
Setophaga citrina
Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-12 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.3 in (19-21 cm)
Hooded Warblers breed in the eastern United States before migrating to Mexico and Central America for the winter.
They are often found in deciduous forests, where they forage for insects on the ground and in low vegetation.
Song of the Hooded Warbler:
Credit: Paul Driver, XC651123. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/651123.
Hooded Warblers construct cup-shaped nests on the ground or near the ground, usually hidden under dense vegetation. They lay 3-4 eggs, which hatch within 12-13 days. The young birds leave the nest after approximately 10-11 days.
To attract Hooded Warblers, provide a diverse habitat with understory vegetation and insect-attracting plants.
Fun Fact: Hooded Warblers are known for their unique and distinctive “weeta-weeta-wee-tee-oh” song.
12. Yellow-throated Vireo
Yellow-throated Vireos spend the breeding season in Tennessee, mainly from April to September. They occur in 9% of summer checklists.
These vireos have olive-green plumage on their backs, with bright yellow throats and undersides. They also display white wingbars and dark eyes.
Vireo flavifrons
Length: 5.1-5.9 in (13-15 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.6 oz (12-17 g)
Wingspan: 8.7-9.8 in (22-25 cm)
Yellow-throated Vireos breed in the eastern United States before migrating to Central and South America for the winter.
They are often found in deciduous and mixed forests, where they actively forage for insects.
Yellow-throated Vireo Song:
Credit: Peter Boesman, XC608438. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/608438.
Nests of Yellow-throated Vireos are suspended from tree branches, typically in the mid-canopy. They are made of bark strips, grasses, and plant fibers, held together with spider silk. They lay 3-4 eggs, which hatch within 12-14 days. The young birds fledge after approximately 10-12 days.
To attract Yellow-throated Vireos, provide a woodland habitat with mature trees and an abundance of insects.
Fun Fact: Yellow-throated Vireos are known for their distinctive “yer-a-wiz” song.
13. Yellow-throated Warbler
Yellow-throated Warblers can be observed in Tennessee during the breeding season, primarily from April to September. They occur in 8% of summer checklists.
These warblers have bright yellow plumage on their throats and chests, contrasting with grayish-blue backs and white bellies. They also display distinct black eye stripes.
Setophaga dominica
Length: 5.1-5.5 in (13-14 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.3 in (19-21 cm)
Yellow-throated Warblers breed in the southeastern United States before migrating to Central America for the winter.
They are often found in deciduous forests, particularly near bodies of water, where they forage for insects and spiders.
Yellow-throated Warbler Song:
Credit: Paul Driver, XC648019. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/648019.
Nests of Yellow-throated Warblers are built by females, typically located in the upper canopy of tall trees. They are constructed with bark, leaves, grass, and moss, lined with feathers and plant down. They lay 3-5 eggs, which hatch within 12-13 days. The young birds leave the nest after approximately 9-12 days.
To attract Yellow-throated Warblers, provide a habitat with tall trees and a nearby water source.
Fun Fact: Yellow-throated Warblers are known for their unique “sweet-sweet-sweet-I’m-so-sweet” song.
14. Prothonotary Warbler
Prothonotary Warblers can be spotted in Tennessee during the breeding season, mainly from April to September. They occur in 7% of summer checklists.
These warblers have bright yellow plumage overall, with bluish-gray wings and tails. They also display a distinctive orange head.
Protonotaria citrea
Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.7-7.5 in (17-19 cm)
Prothonotary Warblers breed in the southeastern United States before migrating to Central and South America for the winter.
They are often found in swampy or marshy areas with standing water, where they forage for insects and spiders.
Prothonotary Warbler Song:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC643141. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/643141.
Nests of Prothonotary Warblers are built in tree cavities, typically near water. The nests are made of moss, bark strips, and plant fibers, lined with feathers. They lay 3-7 eggs, which hatch within 12-14 days. The young birds fledge after approximately 9-12 days.
To attract Prothonotary Warblers, provide nest boxes near wetland habitats.
Fun Fact: Prothonotary Warblers are the only eastern warbler species that nest in natural or artificial cavities.
15. Prairie Warbler
Prairie Warblers spend the breeding season in Tennessee, mainly from April to September. They occur in 6% of summer checklists.
These warblers have bright yellow plumage overall, with black streaks on their sides, backs, and crowns. They also display dark eyes and thin, pointed bills.
Setophaga discolor
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-12 g)
Wingspan: 6.7-7.1 in (17-18 cm)
Prairie Warblers breed in the eastern United States before migrating to the Caribbean and Central America for the winter.
They are often found in open areas with shrubby vegetation, such as prairies, fields, and old farmlands, where they forage for insects.
Prairie Warbler Song:
Credit: Tony Morris, XC647164. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/647164.
Nests of Prairie Warblers are built by females in low shrubs or small trees, typically within 3-5 feet above the ground. They are constructed with grass, bark strips, and plant fibers, lined with feathers and fine grasses. They lay 3-5 eggs, which hatch within 12-13 days. The young birds leave the nest after approximately 8-10 days.
To attract Prairie Warblers, provide shrubby habitats with open spaces.
Fun Fact: Prairie Warblers are known for their buzzy and insect-like song.
16. Yellow Warbler
Yellow Warblers can be observed in Tennessee during the breeding season, primarily from April to September. They occur in 5% of summer checklists.
These warblers have bright yellow plumage overall, with reddish-brown streaks on their breasts and backs. They also display dark eyes and thin, pointed bills.
Setophaga petechia
Length: 4.7 in (12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.7 in (17 cm)
Yellow Warblers breed across most of North America before migrating to Central and South America for the winter.
They are often found in various habitats, including wetlands, marshes, forests, and even suburban areas, where they forage for insects.
Yellow Warbler Song:
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC647452. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/647452.
Nests of Yellow Warblers are built by females, typically in deciduous trees or shrubs, often near water. They are constructed with grass, plant fibers, and spider silk, lined with feathers and plant down. They lay 3-5 eggs, which hatch within 11-12 days. The young birds leave the nest after approximately 8-10 days.
To attract Yellow Warblers, provide a mix of trees and shrubs near water sources.
Fun Fact: Yellow Warblers are known for their sweet-sounding “sweet-sweet-sweet-I’m-so-sweet” song.
17. Baltimore Oriole
Baltimore Orioles spend the breeding season in Tennessee, mainly from April to September. They occur in 4% of summer checklists.
These orioles have bright orange plumage with black wings and tails. The males display a distinctive black head and throat, while females have a more subdued coloration.
Icterus galbula
Length: 7.5 in (19 cm)
Weight: 1.0-1.2 oz (28-34 g)
Wingspan: 9.8-11 in (25-28 cm)
Baltimore Orioles breed across eastern and central North America before migrating to Central America for the winter.
They are often found in open woodlands, forest edges, and suburban areas, where they forage for insects, nectar, and fruits.
Baltimore Oriole Song:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC643161. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/643161.
Nests of Baltimore Orioles are woven by females, typically hanging from the outer branches of trees, 25-40 feet above the ground. They are constructed with plant fibers, grass, and string, lined with softer materials. They lay 3-7 eggs, which hatch within 12-14 days. The young birds leave the nest after approximately 14-16 days.
To attract Baltimore Orioles, provide nesting materials such as string, yarn, and pet fur, as well as feeders with orange halves and nectar solutions.
Fun Fact: Baltimore Orioles are known for their vibrant orange color, which matches the colors of Lord Baltimore, hence their name.
18. Dickcissel
Dickcissels can be spotted in Tennessee during the breeding season, mainly from May to September. They occur in 3% of summer checklists.
These birds have a yellowish breast and belly, with brown streaks on their backs and wings. The males display a black bib on their throats and a yellow crown.
Spiza americana
Length: 5.9 in (15 cm)
Weight: 1.0 oz (29 g)
Wingspan: 9.1 in (23 cm)
Dickcissels breed across the central and eastern United States before migrating to Central and South America for the winter.
They are often found in grasslands, meadows, and agricultural fields, where they forage for seeds and insects.
Dickcissel Song:
Credit: Antonio Xeira, XC532211. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/532211.
Nests of Dickcissels are built by females on the ground, typically in tall grass or vegetation. They are constructed with grass stems and plant fibers, lined with finer grasses and hair. They lay 3-6 eggs, which hatch within 11-12 days. The young birds leave the nest after approximately 9-10 days.
To attract Dickcissels, provide open grassy areas with seed-producing plants.
Fun Fact: Dickcissels are known for their distinctive buzzing song, which sounds like “dick-dick-ciss-ciss-cissel.”
19. Painted Bunting
Painted Buntings can be observed in Tennessee during the breeding season, primarily from May to September. They occur in 2% of summer checklists.
These buntings are known for their vibrant plumage. Males have a combination of bright blue heads, green backs, and red underparts. Females, on the other hand, display a mixture of green and yellow feathers.
Passerina ciris
Length: 4.7-5.5 in (12-14 cm)
Weight: 0.6-0.8 oz (17-23 g)
Wingspan: 7.5 in (19 cm)
Painted Buntings breed in the southeastern United States before migrating to Mexico and Central America for the winter.
They are often found in brushy habitats, including thickets, hedgerows, and shrublands, where they forage for seeds and insects.
Painted Bunting Song:
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC442407. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/442407.
Nests of Painted Buntings are built by females in dense shrubs or low vegetation, usually within 5 feet above the ground. They are constructed with grass, leaves, and plant fibers, lined with finer materials. They lay 3-4 eggs, which hatch within 11-12 days. The young birds fledge after approximately 9-10 days.
To attract Painted Buntings, provide dense shrubs and diverse vegetation in your yard, along with feeders containing millet, sunflower seeds, and cracked corn.
Fun Fact: Male Painted Buntings are often referred to as the “nonpareil,” meaning “unparalleled” or “unmatched,” due to their extraordinary beauty.
20. Western Kingbird
Western Kingbirds spend the breeding season in Tennessee, primarily from May to September. They occur in 2% of summer checklists.
These kingbirds have a grayish-brown back and head, with bright yellow underparts. They also display a white throat and a distinctive white-tipped tail.
Tyrannus verticalis
Length: 7.5-9 in (19-23 cm)
Weight: 1.0-1.3 oz (29-37 g)
Wingspan: 15.4-16.5 in (39-42 cm)
Western Kingbirds breed across western North America before migrating to Central and South America for the winter.
They are often found in open habitats, including fields, grasslands, and agricultural areas, where they feed on insects caught in mid-air.
Western Kingbird Call:
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC442564. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/442564.
Nests of Western Kingbirds are built by both male and female birds, typically on horizontal branches of trees or shrubs. They are constructed with grass, twigs, and plant fibers, lined with softer materials. They lay 3-6 eggs, which hatch within 14-15 days. The young birds leave the nest after approximately 15-16 days.
To attract Western Kingbirds, provide open perches, such as dead trees or tall posts, and maintain a habitat with ample flying insects.
Fun Fact: Western Kingbirds are known for their aggressive behavior and will defend their territory against much larger birds, including raptors.
21. Black-throated Green Warbler
Black-throated Green Warblers can be spotted in Tennessee during migration, primarily in spring and fall. They occur in 2% of migration checklists.
These warblers have bright yellow underparts, olive-green backs, and distinct black throats and faces.
Males also display white wing patches.
Setophaga virens
Length: 4.7-5.5 in (12-14 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5 in (19 cm)
Black-throated Green Warblers breed in northeastern North America before migrating to Central and South America for the winter.
They are often found in coniferous and mixed forests, where they forage for insects by actively gleaning foliage.
Black-throated Green Warbler Song:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC644961. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/644961.
Nests of Black-throated Green Warblers are built by females, typically in conifer trees, usually located on horizontal branches. They are constructed with twigs, grasses, moss, and plant fibers, lined with finer materials. They lay 3-5 eggs, which hatch within 11-12 days. The young birds fledge after approximately 9-10 days.
To attract Black-throated Green Warblers, provide a habitat with mature coniferous trees and understory vegetation.
Fun Fact: Despite their name, Black-throated Green Warblers often have a yellowish appearance, and their distinct song sounds like “zee-zee-zoo-zoo-zee.”
22. American Redstart
American Redstarts can be observed in Tennessee during migration, primarily in spring and fall. They occur in 2% of migration checklists.
These warblers have a unique plumage pattern. Males display black upperparts, bright orange patches on their wings and tail, and white undersides. Females, on the other hand, have gray upperparts and yellowish undersides.
Setophaga ruticilla
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.4 oz (6-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.7-7.1 in (17-18 cm)
American Redstarts breed across much of North America before migrating to Central and South America for the winter.
They are often found in various habitats, including deciduous and mixed forests, where they actively forage for insects by fluttering and spreading their tails.
American Redstart Song:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC643313. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/643313.
Nests of American Redstarts are built by females, typically in deciduous trees or shrubs, usually within 10-30 feet above the ground. They are constructed with twigs, grasses, and plant fibers, lined with softer materials. They lay 3-5 eggs, which hatch within 10-12 days. The young birds leave the nest after approximately 8-10 days.
To attract American Redstarts, provide a diverse habitat with a mixture of trees and shrubs.
Fun Fact: American Redstarts are known for their unique foraging behavior called “startle-predation,” where they flash their tails and wings to flush out insects from foliage.
23. Magnolia Warbler
Magnolia Warblers can be observed in Tennessee during migration, primarily in spring and fall. They occur in 2% of migration checklists.
These warblers have a distinctive appearance. Males display black streaks on their backs, a yellow rump, and a bright yellow throat and chest with a black necklace. Females have a similar pattern but with more subdued colors.
Setophaga magnolia
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-12 g)
Wingspan: 6.7-7.5 in (17-19 cm)
Magnolia Warblers breed across the boreal forests of Canada before migrating to Central and South America for the winter.
They are often found in various habitats, including coniferous and mixed forests, where they actively forage for insects.
Magnolia Warbler Song:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC645229. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/645229.
Nests of Magnolia Warblers are built by females, typically in conifer trees, usually located on horizontal branches. They are constructed with twigs, grasses, and plant fibers, lined with finer materials. They lay 4-5 eggs, which hatch within 10-12 days. The young birds fledge after approximately 8-10 days.
To attract Magnolia Warblers, provide a habitat with mature coniferous trees and understory vegetation.
Fun Fact: Despite their name, Magnolia Warblers do not have a strong association with magnolia trees and are more commonly found in other forested areas.
24. Blue-winged Warbler
Blue-winged Warblers can be spotted in Tennessee during migration, primarily in spring and fall. They occur in 2% of migration checklists.
These warblers have a unique combination of colors. Males display bright yellow plumage, a black eye stripe, and distinct blue-gray wings. Females have similar markings but with more subdued colors.
Vermivora cyanoptera
Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.7-7.5 in (17-19 cm)
Blue-winged Warblers breed across eastern North America before migrating to Central and South America for the winter.
They are often found in shrubby habitats, including regenerating forests, where they actively forage for insects.
Blue-winged Warbler Song:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC644953. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/644953.
Nests of Blue-winged Warblers are built by females, typically in low shrubs or thickets, usually within 3-5 feet above the ground. They are constructed with grass, leaves, and plant fibers, lined with softer materials. They lay 3-5 eggs, which hatch within 10-11 days. The young birds fledge after approximately 8-9 days.
To attract Blue-winged Warblers, provide a mix of shrubby vegetation and open areas.
Fun Fact: Blue-winged Warblers are known to hybridize with Golden-winged Warblers, leading to the creation of a hybrid species known as the “Brewster’s Warbler.”
25. Nashville Warbler
Nashville Warblers can be observed in Tennessee during migration, primarily in spring and fall. They occur in 2% of migration checklists.
These warblers have a yellowish-green back, a gray head, and bright yellow underparts. They also display a distinct white eye ring.
Leiothlypis ruficapilla
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.4 oz (6-11 g)
Wingspan: 6.7 in (17 cm)
Nashville Warblers breed across northern North America before migrating to Central America and the Caribbean for the winter.
They are often found in various habitats, including deciduous and mixed forests, where they actively forage for insects.
Nashville Warbler Song:
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC442693. Accessible at
www.xeno-canto.org/442693.
Nests of Nashville Warblers are built by females, typically in low shrubs or thickets, usually within 3-5 feet above the ground. They are constructed with grass, leaves, and plant fibers, lined with softer materials. They lay 4-5 eggs, which hatch within 10-12 days. The young birds fledge after approximately 9-10 days.
To attract Nashville Warblers, provide a habitat with a mixture of trees, shrubs, and open areas.
Fun Fact: Nashville Warblers were named after Nashville, Tennessee, where the first specimen was collected in 1811.
26. Cape May Warbler
Cape May Warblers can be spotted in Tennessee during migration, primarily in spring and fall. They occur in 2% of migration checklists.
These warblers have a unique appearance. Males display a yellowish-green back, a reddish-orange cheek patch, and distinctive rusty streaks on their breasts. Females have similar markings but with more subdued colors.
Setophaga tigrina
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.1 in (18 cm)
Cape May Warblers breed across the boreal forests of North America before migrating to the Caribbean and Central America for the winter.
They are often found in various habitats, including coniferous and mixed forests, where they actively forage for insects.
Cape May Warbler Song:
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC442442. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/442442.
Nests of Cape May Warblers are built by females, typically in conifer trees, usually located near the ends of branches. They are constructed with twigs, grasses, and plant fibers, lined with finer materials. They lay 3-4 eggs, which hatch within 10-11 days. The young birds fledge after approximately 9-10 days.
To attract Cape May Warblers, provide a habitat with mature coniferous trees and a food source of insects.
Fun Fact: Cape May Warblers have a unique feeding behavior called “gleaning,” where they hover or hang upside down to extract insects from conifer needles.
27. Canada Warbler
Canada Warblers can be observed in Tennessee during migration, primarily in spring and fall. They occur in 2% of migration checklists.
These warblers have a grayish-blue back, a bright yellow throat and chest, and a distinct black necklace. They also display a white eye ring.
Cardellina canadensis
Length: 4.7 in (12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5 in (19 cm)
Canada Warblers breed across the boreal forests of North America before migrating to South America for the winter.
They are often found in various habitats, including moist woodlands and bogs, where they actively forage for insects.
Canada Warbler Song:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC646284. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/646284.
Nests of Canada Warblers are built by females, typically on the ground, usually in mossy areas or under shrubs. They are constructed with grass, leaves, and plant fibers, lined with finer materials. They lay 4-5 eggs, which hatch within 10-12 days. The young birds fledge after approximately 8-10 days.
To attract Canada Warblers, provide a habitat with dense understory vegetation and a water source.
Fun Fact:
Canada Warblers are known for their unique migration pattern, where they fly non-stop for over 2,500 km (1,550 miles) from South America to their breeding grounds in North America.
28. Wilson’s Warbler
Wilson’s Warblers can be spotted in Tennessee during migration, primarily in spring and fall. They occur in 2% of migration checklists.
These warblers have a bright yellow body, a distinct black cap, and a small black patch on their chin.
Cardellina pusilla
Length: 4.3-4.7 in (11-12 cm)
Weight: 0.2-0.4 oz (6-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5 in (19 cm)
Wilson’s Warblers breed across western North America before migrating to Mexico and Central America for the winter.
They are often found in various habitats, including moist forests and shrubby areas, where they actively forage for insects.
Wilson’s Warbler Song:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC647287. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/647287.
Nests of Wilson’s Warblers are built by females, typically on the ground or in low shrubs, usually within 2-4 feet above the ground. They are constructed with grass, leaves, and plant fibers, lined with finer materials. They lay 4-6 eggs, which hatch within 10-12 days. The young birds fledge after approximately 8-10 days.
To attract Wilson’s Warblers, provide a habitat with dense shrubs, understory vegetation, and a water source.
Fun Fact: Wilson’s Warblers are known for their distinctive tail-wagging behavior, which helps flush out insects from foliage.
29. American Goldfinch (winter plumage)
American Goldfinches can be seen in Tennessee during winter, and they occur in 29% of winter checklists.
In their winter plumage, these goldfinches have a dull brownish-gray body, with hints of yellow on their face and wings.
Spinus tristis
Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
Weight: 0.4-0.7 oz (11-20 g)
Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm)
During winter, American Goldfinches from northern regions migrate south to Tennessee, where they can be found in various habitats, including fields, open areas, and backyards.
Their diet primarily consists of seeds, especially those from various composite plants, such as sunflowers and thistles.
Winter American Goldfinch Call:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC603285. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/603285.
Fun Fact: American Goldfinches are one of the few songbird species that undergo a complete molt in the late summer, changing their plumage from dull to vibrant yellow during the breeding season.
30. Palm Warbler
Palm Warblers can be observed in Tennessee during winter, and they occur in 5% of winter checklists.
These warblers have a brownish-olive back, a yellow underbelly, and a distinct rusty cap on their heads.
Setophaga palmarum
Length: 4.7-5.5 in (12-14 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.5 oz (9-14 g)
Wingspan: 7.9-8.3 in (20-21 cm)
During winter, Palm Warblers from northern regions migrate south to Tennessee, where they can be found in various habitats, including open areas, wetlands, and
forest edges.
They primarily forage on the ground, often wagging their tails as they search for insects and seeds.
Palm Warbler Call:
Credit: Andrew Spencer, XC460247. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/460247.
Fun Fact: Palm Warblers are named after their tendency to perch on the trunks of palm trees, although they can be found in a wide range of habitats, including non-palm locations.
That completes the list from 16 to 30. Let me know if you’d like to continue with the next set of birds.
Certainly! Here are the remaining yellow birds in Tennessee:
31. Orange-crowned Warbler
Orange-crowned Warblers can be observed in Tennessee during winter, and they occur in 4% of winter checklists.
These warblers have a dull olive-green or grayish body, with an indistinct orange crown that is often concealed.
Leiothlypis celata
Length: 4.7 in (12 cm)
Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11 g)
Wingspan: 7.5 in (19 cm)
During winter, Orange-crowned Warblers from northern regions migrate south to Tennessee, where they can be found in various habitats, including forests, thickets, and brushy areas.
They forage actively, searching for insects and spiders among foliage and branches.
Orange-crowned Warbler Song:
Credit: Paul Marvin, XC646288. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/646288.
Fun Fact: The orange crown of Orange-crowned Warblers is usually concealed and only visible when the bird is excited or agitated.
32. Evening Grosbeak
Evening Grosbeaks can be observed in Tennessee during winter, and they occur in 2% of winter checklists.
These large finches have a stocky build, with a yellow body, black wings marked with white patches, and a large, powerful beak.
Coccothraustes vespertinus
Length: 7.1-8.3 in (18-21 cm)
Weight: 2.5-3.4 oz (70-96 g)
Wingspan: 12.6-13.4 in (32-34 cm)
During winter, Evening Grosbeaks from northern regions migrate south to Tennessee, where they can be found in various habitats, including forests, orchards, and feeders.
Their diet primarily consists of seeds, including those from conifer trees and various fruits.
Evening Grosbeak Call:
Credit: Greg Irving, XC650281. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/650281.
Fun Fact: Evening Grosbeaks are known for their distinctive, powerful beaks, which they use to crack open seeds with ease.
That completes the list of 32 yellow birds in Tennessee. I hope this information is helpful!